集体经济时代农民分家行为研究--以冀南农村为中心的考察

本文依据档案资料和典型问卷调查汇总数据，对土改后不同社会变革背景下冀南农村民众的分家行为进行了分析。指出：集体经济条件下农民分家的特征是：父子分家频度增加，渐次分家成为趋势，但兄弟均分的意识并无实质改变。土地集体所有制下，农民的家庭财产范围大大缩小，土地和大型农具不在分割范围内，住房是分家的财产核心。分家的外部制约减小，从而加速了家庭的裂变。集体经济时代，多子家庭父子分家逐渐成为一种共同倾向，乃至演变为一种新的习惯。特别是婚姻中对住房(独立的宅院)的要求程度提高，结婚与分家建立起直接的联系。     

农村耕地抛荒的影响因素及治理研究——基于二次文献调查法

农村耕地抛荒是我国在城镇化发展和经济社会转型时期农村出现的一个普遍而现实的问题。农村耕地的抛荒导致农村耕地的不充分利用和有限耕地资源的极大浪费,虽然我国废除了农业税,并不断延长农村耕地承包期的时间,但农村耕地抛荒现象依然没得到遏制,本文通过二次文献调查法,搜集耕地抛荒相关的论文、报道共计557篇,通过数据整理和编码,分析和探讨当前我国农村地区的耕地抛荒问题。     

The Land Crisis in Zimbabwe Viewed from South of the Limpopo

Farm invasions in Zimbabwe have highlighted the pressing need for land reform throughout the southern African region. In South Africa, where the racial disparities in land holding are most severe, the events in Zimbabwe have raised the temperature of the land debate and led to calls for land invasions by some rural groups. The ANC-led government, facing criticism from both right and left for the slow pace of reform, has veered between strident defence of private property rights and threats to expropriate white farms. White farming interests have reacted differentially, with some progressive voices joining the calls for an accelerated reform programme. Current land reform policy in South Africa seems set to advance the interests of emerging black commercial farmers and tribal chiefs at the expense of the rural poor and landless.     

化散为整：农地整合行动网络何以达成？ ——基于清远市中华里村的案例分析

研究目的：分析农地整合行动网络的构建过程及关键变量,探索其运行绩效及内在逻辑,为推广农地整合、促进生产要素集聚、助推乡村振兴提供决策参考。研究方法：案例分析法。研究结果：（1）农地整合是实现乡村多元主体多样化利益诉求的有效通行点,村民理事会作为核心行动者,通过问题呈现与利益赋予、征召与动员、异议等转译环节,将其他行动者吸纳入农地整合行动网络中,乡村社会分散的土地、资金、人力等生产要素随之得以集聚,化散为整;（2）利益诉求、乡村精英、村庄凝聚力作为农地整合行动网络的三大关键变量,强烈影响着网络构建及其运行的方向性、效率性、公平性和稳定性;（3）农地整合行动网络对外采取市场化运行模式,对内实施多元主体分享经营控制权和村集体主导收益分配权的权利设置,实现了效率与公平、集体与个体的多重兼顾,形成其运行绩效内在逻辑;（4）以实现农业生产要素优化配置为逻辑起点、以乡村自治力量为实施主体的农地整合,兼具“经济”与“治理”双重属性,能够系统构建产业、组织、人才等多重系统的耦合格局,从而全面助推乡村振兴。研究结论：农地整合具有较强现实需求及较大推广价值,应坚持并强化集体土地所有权权能,以农地整合为主要抓...     

乡村振兴与农村土地制度改革

我国正处于城乡中国的发展阶段,社会经济面临着转型升级的持续变迁,农业和乡村发展面临的环境条件发生了实质性变化,本文重点探讨如何通过农村土地制度创新以促进乡村振兴。研究结果表明,我国社会经济发展所处的特殊时代背景决定了我国乡村振兴的路径选择必须从乡村内部出发,寻找撬动实现乡村振兴的支点。要围绕\"实权\"与\"流动\"两个维度深化农村土地制度改革,为乡村振兴提供土地制度保障。\"实权\"是要将农地产权落到实处,相关的法律法规条文要明确农地各项产权权能的内含、外延,要把农地产权落实到具体的权利主体身上。\"流动\"是要在保证粮食安全和国家安全的前提下,在土地利用空间规划的管控下,实现土地资源的自由市场流动。     

A household hedonic model of rice traits: economic values from farmers in West Africa

New crop varieties often have been promoted in developing countries based upon superior yield vis-a-vis locally available varieties. This research presents a hedonic price model for upland rice by drawing upon the input characteristics and consumer good characteristics model literature. Model specification tests determine that a combination of production and consumption characteristics best explains the willingness to pay for new upland rice varieties. The household model specification determined that five traits explain the willingness to pay for new rice varieties: plant cycle length, plant height, grain colour, elongation/ swelling and tenderness. Yield was not a significant explanatory variable of the willingness to pay for seed. The implications of this model are two-fold. First, varietal development and promotion must include post-harvest characteristics in addition to production traits when determining which varieties to promote for official release. Secondly, non-yield production characteristics such as plant height and cycle length are significant factors in producer's assessments of the value of a new variety. Overall, this paper provides an alternative explanation for limited adoption of modern upland rice varieties in West Africa: varietal evaluation programs have focused too narrowly on yield evaluation and have not promoted varieties with superior non-yield characteristics than locally available varieties.     

More Than Socially Embedded: The Distinctive Character of 'Communal Tenure' Regimes in South Africa and its Implications for Land Policy

This article analyzes debates over tenure reform policy in post-apartheid South Africa, with a particular focus on the controversial Communal Land Rights Act of 2004. Land tenure systems in the 'communal areas' of South Africa are described as dynamic and evolving regimes within which a number of important commonalities and continuities over time are observable. Key underlying principles of pre-colonial land relations are identified, which informed the adaptation and modification of tenure regimes in the colonial era and under policies of segregation and apartheid, and continue to do so today. Exploring the policy implications of this analysis, the article suggests that alternative approaches to that embodied in the Communal Land Rights Act are required. The most appropriate approach is to make socially legitimate occupation and use rights, as they are currently held and practised, the point of departure for both their recognition in law and for the design of institutional frameworks for administering land.     

郯城县农村生活能源消费属性分析

该文以农村生活能源消费为主线,以郯城县为研究案例,通过大量的实地调研与问卷调查,分析了郯城县农村生活能源消费现状及其经济、自然和环境属性结构.结果表明:商品能源、清洁能源、新能源消费比例均过半,清洁能源占总能耗的72.16％;劳动力机会成本较高,促进了该地商品能对秸秆等非商品能的替代;不可再生能源仍占有较大比例,且均为商品性能源,体现了能源消费水平虽较高,但能源消费结构不甚合理等特点.     

规模经济抑或分工经济——来自农业家庭经营绩效的证据

农地规模经营与农业分工深化是实现农业规模经营的两类相互关联的路径选择.本文探讨了农地经营规模、农业分工与农业家庭经营绩效之间的关系,并利用江汉平原地区的1701个样本农户调查数据进行实证检验.结果表明:(1)农地流转及其规模经营内生的交易费用与组织管理成本问题,导致农地规模对农业家庭经营绩效的改进效应存在适度规模水平;...     

南非矿山环境立法与管理研究

南非在矿山环境管理和立法方面,主要是以国家能源矿业部为主的多部门协议式管理,通过对矿业法、资源法等法律法规的不断完善,进一步明确和强化矿山环境管理的内容。文章结合南非矿山环境治理的成功案例,介绍了南非矿山环境治理的管理机构与相关的立法,联系我国矿山治理的实际提出了启示与建议。