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通过文献回顾法和归纳法,对国内外关于农地城市流转中福利效应的理论和方法的研究进行总结和分析。从目前研究来看,国内外学者在农地非农化的选择价值、不同权利主体在城市流转中的福利变化、基于公平与效率的社会福利最大化等方面的研究成果已经非常多,但在福利的定量研究方面,尤其是如何把福利测度方法运用到农地城市流转中福利效应的测度研究较少。因此,结合城市流转的特点,构建分析农地城市流转福利效应的理论框架,探寻农地城市流转社会福利效应的测度计量方法,对于促进我国农地有序流转、维护土地可持续利用具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。 相似文献
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研究目的:基于辽宁省昌图县的农户调查数据,实证检验农户农地经营权抵押贷款收入效应。研究方法:问卷调查法,统计分析法,倾向得分匹配法。研究结果:如果不考虑农地经营权抵押贷款的选择性偏差问题,则会高估农户参与农地抵押贷款的收入效应;农地经营权抵押贷款对农户的收入效应明显,农户参与农地抵押贷款会使其总收入和农业收入显著增加;农地抵押贷款对农户总收入提高的效果大于农业收入,但差距不大。研究结论:为充分发挥农地经营权抵押贷款的增收作用,应构建多元化供给主体机制、完善农地经营权抵押贷款政策执行机制、加大农地经营权抵押贷款宣传力度、健全农地经营权抵押贷款配套措施。 相似文献
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研究目的:探究宅基地退出在脆弱性视角下的减贫效应,厘清宅基地退出对农户贫困脆弱性的作用路径。研究方法:基于2019年安徽金寨的微观调研数据,构建广义可行最小二乘法模型,基于期望贫困对农户家庭贫困脆弱性进行测度,采用倾向得分匹配法检验宅基地退出的减贫效应,运用中介效应模型分析宅基地退出影响贫困脆弱性的传导机制。研究结果:(1)在现行贫困标准下,有18.66%的农户面临未来陷入贫困的风险;(2)宅基地退出具有显著减贫效应,能够有效降低农户未来陷入贫困的概率,通过PSM方法消除“自选择”偏误后结果依然稳健;(3)宅基地退出通过增加农户生计资本和改善生计策略来降低贫困脆弱性。研究结论:未来应进一步深化宅基地制度改革,完善宅基地退出与扶贫的联动机制,改进返贫预警的识别机制。 相似文献
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基于农民福利的宅基地流转模式比较与路径选择 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
研究目的:揭示现有3种宅基地流转模式,即政府主导模式、集体推动模式与农民自发模式下的农民福利状况,并提供改善路径。研究方法:比较研究法与理论模型法。研究结果:(1)从短期来看,在无法改变城乡土地市场二元分割现实的情况下,集体推动宅基地流转模式最有利于增加农民福利,而其他两种模式由于存在政府垄断和隐形流转致使农民福利损失较多;(2)从长期来看,增加农民福利的有效途径在于实现政府主导、集体推动和农民自发三种模式向宅基地市场自由流转的转变。研究结论:有条件地区尝试推行集体推动宅基地流转模式,不具备条件地区需提高拆迁补偿标准或规范隐形流转,最终3种模式都需向市场自由流转转变。 相似文献
5.
张骞之 《中国国土资源经济》2010,23(3):28-30
长期以来,由于对城市国有土地储备制度职能定位存在认识上的误区,由此产生了不同的资金运营管理模式,并引发了土地储备社会功能的失位、偏位、不到位,进而产生诸多经济、社会问题。应在认真分析这些问题及其成因的基础上,使土地储备回归其正确的职能定位,探索建立政府主导的土地储备基金融资机制,从而在制度上削弱土地储备的短期功利性,推动土地储备制度沿着正确的轨道良性发展。 相似文献
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[目的]探究农户参与土地托管如何影响农业生产效率,以及绿色技术采纳行为如何在土地托管和生产效率间起作用,从而对有关土地托管研究的理论给予补充。[方法]文章以河南省305个农户数据为基础,运用DEA模型、倾向得分匹配法及中介效应检验研究了土地托管、绿色技术采纳行为对农业生产效率的影响效果。[结果](1)土地托管比未托管农户农业生产效率平均高0.287,土地托管能有效提升农户的农业生产效率;(2)绿色技术采纳行为在土地托管对农业生产效率影响中起明显的中介作用,中介效应占比48.39%;(3)土地托管加剧了农户内部生产效率差异,土地规模和兼业化的差异是导致农业生产效率不同的主要原因。[结论]政府实施推广、补贴等政策应向土地托管倾斜,提升农户绿色技术采纳意愿,更好地发挥土地托管带动小农户提高效率,保障粮食安全问题,提高农业现代化水平。 相似文献
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农地城市流转对不同年龄阶段失地农民的福利影响研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究目的:研究农地城市流转对不同年龄阶段失地农民的福利影响,为制定差别化的征地补偿政策提供借鉴。研究方法:以武汉市江夏区、东西湖区、新洲区和洪山区为研究区域,将失地农民分为小于45岁、45—65岁、大于65岁三个年龄阶段,然后以森的可行能力理论为依据,利用模糊数学法,对不同年龄段失地农民的福利变化进行定量测度。研究结果:(1)农地城市流转对不同年龄阶段失地农民的福利影响存在差异。45—65岁失地农民的福利变化最大,其福利水平下降了18.69%;其次是小于45岁的失地农民,下降了16.62%;大于65岁的失地农民下降了12.74%。(2)不同年龄阶段失地农民的各功能性活动指标在农地城市流转后的变化方向和变化程度存在不同。失地农民的经济状况、居住环境、健康、社会参与功能均有所下降,社会保障和住房条件功能得到了改善,但变化程度不同,而发展机遇和交往与闲暇功能在不同年龄阶段的失地农民中变化方向不同。研究结论:根据失地农民年龄特点制定合理细致的征地补偿政策,是提高失地农民福利水平、减小福利差异的重要途径。 相似文献
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A farmer’s decision to adopt sustainable land management practices often takes place in a changing context. In the Northeast Region of Thailand, rural areas face a deagrarianization process and the dominant farming system – small-scale rice farming under rainfed conditions – is losing its role as the main provider of household income. The study applies a mixed approach to investigate the reasons why farmers adopt sustainable land management practices in this region. This approach involved a quantitative assessment of factors that influence adoption and a qualitative analysis of local actors’ opinions regarding these reasons. Two major reasons were identified: the engagement in diversifying production and the willingness to reduce the amount of time household members spend farming. These two reasons relate to two strategies farmers use to adapt to ongoing changes: getting involved in changing the farm or maintaining it while limiting the effort they spend running the farm. Initiatives to enhance the uptake of sustainable land management practices in the Northeast Region of Thailand would benefit from structuring the support provided taking these two strategies into account. 相似文献
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Balancing conservation and development with ecosystem services is a popular topic for the sustainable development of agricultural land today. This study establishes an evaluation framework to explore the heterogeneous preferences of tourists and residents for the ecosystem functions of agricultural land in Kinmen, Taiwan. The results showed that respondents preferred to transform the current farming type into sustainable agriculture, increase species habitats, plan wheat and sorghum landscape areas, and combine ecotourism with local cultural activities. Tourists had a higher marginal willingness to pay for farmland conservation than residents. People who supported the conservation program of agricultural land in sorghum and wheat production areas tended to 1) be female, 2) be tourists, 3) have higher education, and 4) have higher monthly income. The results suggest that policymakers must improve ecosystem functions with agricultural ecosystem function support funds, consistent with the guaranteed-price purchase policy in the Kinmen sorghum and wheat areas, for sustainable development. 相似文献
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研究目的:基于山东省小麦种植户调查数据,以田间管理环节为例,探究土地托管通过规模经营对技术效率产生的影响,为更好地发挥出土地托管在推进粮食产业高质量发展中的重要作用提供参考。研究方法:得分倾向匹配模型与IV-Tobit模型等。研究结果:(1)土地托管通过形成适度服务规模对技术效率产生影响:田间管理托管服务规模与技术效率之间呈现“倒U型”关系,当服务规模在2~<13.33 hm2时,相比于农户自主经营具有提升技术效率的优势;使技术效率最大化的田间管理服务适度规模为7.5 hm2;托管中采纳绿色高效技术能够整体向上提升技术效率水平。(2)土地托管也会通过与农户土地规模相作用对技术效率产生影响:通过适度服务规模对技术效率的直接提升效用偏向于土地规模较大的农户;通过土地流入对技术效率的间接提升效用在较小规模农户中更为显著。研究结论:(1)发展土地托管应强调服务主体的适度服务规模,着力推进土地连片化;(2)运用绿色高效技术和机械有助于提升服务主体田间托管作业质量;(3)注重适度服务规模与适度土地规模之间的良性互动,在推进农业服务规模化的过程中也要满足小农户土地流转的需求。 相似文献
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Strategies to increase agricultural productivity and reduce land degradation: evidence from Uganda 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
John Pender Ephraim Nkonya Pamela Jagger Dick Sserunkuuma Henry Ssali 《Agricultural Economics》2004,31(2-3):181-195
This paper estimates a structural econometric model of household decisions regarding income strategies, participation in programs and organisations, crop choices, land management, and labour use, and their implications for agricultural production and soil erosion; based upon a survey of over 450 households and their farm plots in Uganda. Many factors have context-specific impacts and involve trade-offs between increasing production and reducing land degradation. Government agricultural extension and training programs contribute to higher value of crop production in the lowlands, but to soil erosion in the highlands. By contrast, non-governmental organization (NGO) programs focusing on agriculture and environment help to reduce erosion, but have less favourable impacts on production in the lowlands. Education increases household incomes, but also reduces crop production in the lowlands. Poverty has mixed impacts on agricultural production, depending on the nature of poverty: smaller farms obtain higher crop production per hectare, while households with fewer livestock have lower crop production. Population pressure contributes to agricultural intensification, but also to erosion in the densely populated highlands. Several household income strategies contribute to increased value of crop production, without significant impacts on soil erosion. We find little evidence of impact of access to markets, roads and credit, land tenure or title on agricultural intensification and crop production and land degradation. In general, the results imply that the strategies to increase agricultural production and reduce land degradation must be location-specific, and that there are few 'win-win' opportunities to simultaneously increase production and reduce land degradation. 相似文献
12.
Ashok K. Mishra Anjani Kumar Pramod K. Joshi Alwin D'Souza 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2018,62(4):589-607
Lentils, a low‐value and highly nutritious crop, are Nepal's largest pulse cash crop. However, the majority of the nation's smallholders produce lentils on very small plots of land. The large gap in lentil yields between Nepal and other lentil‐producing countries underscores the importance of improving yields and income of smallholders. When it comes to the financial viability of small farms, particularly in developing countries, and globalisation, contract farming (CF) may prove useful in achieving efficiency and profitability in smallholder lentil farms in Nepal. This study employs the propensity score matching approach to examine the effects of the adoption of CF on yields, profitability and costs of smallholder lentil farms in Nepal. Findings from this study reveal that contrary to popular belief, CF adoption by lentil producers in Nepal has a positive and significant effect on per‐hectare revenues, profits and yield and a negative impact on variable and transportation costs. The study finds that only very smallholder lentil farms (0.01‐0.05 ha) benefit from CF. 相似文献
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14.
目的 为合理引导农村宅基地有序退出并制定出科学的宅基地退出管理策略,亟需开展不同模式下农村宅基地退出的农户福利效应研究,准确把握农户在此过程中的生活质量变化状况。方法 文章以阿玛蒂亚·森提出的可行能力理论为基础,构建宅基地退出的农户福利评价指标体系,利用晋江市的调研数据,运用模糊数学综合评价方法,评价和比较不同模式下农村宅基地退出的农户福利效应及其差异。结果 资产置换模式和指标置换模式下宅基地退出后农户的总福利水平都有所改善,总模糊指数分别从0.378、0.404上升到0.399、0.418,货币补偿模式总福利水平则呈下降的状态,从0.412下降到0.373。其中资产置换模式和指标置换模式在社会保障、居住条件和心理状况的农户福利水平有所上升,家庭经济和决策参与的农户福利水平下降,两者改变程度有所差异。货币补偿模式只有居住条件的农户福利得到改善。宅基地退出后农户之间的福利差异进一步扩大,福利差异系数从0.114上升到0.147。结论 不同模式的宅基地退出致使农户福利效应差异明显,使其对农户的生活方式和长远生计的影响程度有所不同。因此,应综合考虑不同宅基地退出模式下农户福利效应差异,从科学设定宅基地退出的补偿标准、规范宅基地退出程序、分类实施宅基地退出保障措施等方面提升农户福利水平和促进农户福利均衡发展。 相似文献
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空间视角下的地方政府土地经营策略、竞争机制和中国的城市层级体系——来自中国186个地级市的经验证据 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究目的:中国城市发展的主题形态是城市群,而关于中国城市群层级优化的愿景模式是高首位度还是扁平化这一问题一直以来存在争议,作者以地方政府土地经营策略为切入点,从空间视角论证中国当前城市层级体系状态形成的内在机制并对其合理性进行把握。研究方法:空间分布图形分析与空间计量模型回归。研究结果:地方政府土地经营效果存在空间非均衡形态,地方政府间基于招商引资效应的土地经营策略存在着空间外溢效应与空间竞争效应。研究结论:地方政府间基于土地经营策略的竞争,促使中国城市层级体系趋向扁平化,而在中国现有的制度背景及路径依赖约束下,趋向扁平化的城市层级体系有其合理性且符合中国当代经济发展的现实背景与基本国情。 相似文献
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Chinese agricultural output has been multiple under the intensive input of production factors since the reform and opening-up. Such a growth pattern that realizes high output through high input results in increasingly prominent environmental pollution problems. Considering the provincial panel data in China during 1978–2017 as the research units and taking agriculture in broad sense as the study object, the agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE) was measured by the Super-SBM Model, and the influencing factors were screened out from agricultural basic condition, agricultural industrial structure, agricultural development potential and agricultural input strength. The findings indicated that agricultural expected output and unexpected output were synchronously increased, while the change of input factors was totally different and gradually transferred to materiality from resources. In 1978–2017, AEE was increased to 0.713 from 0.405, with an increase of about 76%. And it approximately underwent four stages, including free development, reform promotion, market regulation and policy incentives. Under the resource restraint and policy incentives, AEE showed that Northeast, East and South China were higher than the national average level. North and Central China basically fitted for the national average level, and Southwest and Northwest China were lower than the national average level. Also, it was successively present in some spatial characteristics including polarization, differentiation, agglomeration and reconstruction on the provincial scale. The magnitude and direction of influencing factors indicated that the introduction of subsidy policies for compound fertilizers, an increase of farmers’ incomes, optimization of agricultural plantation structure, and maintenance of stable agricultural product prices could effectively improve AEE. 相似文献
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Low investments in sustainable land management (SLM) limit agricultural production in the East African Highlands, leading to increased soil erosion, low productivity of land and food insecurity. Recent studies in the region show that different socio-economic factors influence SLM investments by farmers, but knowledge on which of these are most influential and how to foster SLM is often lacking. This research fills this gap for the West Usambara Highlands, and determines key socio-economic factors influencing investments in SLM. Data for this research was collected from 196 randomly selected farm households in the Lushoto district, and Factor Analysis was used to reveal patterns of correlation between SLM investments and different household characteristics. Among the eight socioeconomic factors generated by Factor Analysis, four key factors were found to significantly influence SLM investments in upland (mainly rain-fed) agricultural fields: (1) the farmer’s access to support services; (2) the farmer’s experience with collaborative land management; (3) the household’s income from crop sales; and (4) the farmer’s forward driven attitude. The study concludes that a strategy to foster and scale-up SLM in the West Usambara Highlands should therefore improve the access of farmers to support services (especially micro-credits), trigger collaborative efforts in land management (e.g., farmer-to-farmer training) and promote investments in the rural area to create an enabling environment for SLM. A more active role of the Government, together with public and private sector partners, is therefore crucial. 相似文献
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Land use change, climate change, and the politics of accelerated agricultural growth shape contemporary land use in Russia. This factor combination urgently calls for exploring viable opportunities for sustainable land management in rural areas, which remains low on the political agenda. We address this task by bringing together various dimensions of future land use and state regulation and develop land use scenarios for the Tyumen region in Western Siberia up to 2050. Schematised maps of future land use make the scenarios spatially explicit and stakeholder-engaging. As part of the scenario process, we conducted stakeholder interviews and organised two scenario workshops on the ground. We present the scenarios as a tool that could be used to support participatory processes in a post-Soviet context. 相似文献
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[目的]耕地保护是维护国家社会安全、生态安全和粮食安全的重要基石,探讨中国耕地保护决策的演进历程及产权路径,以期为新时代完善耕地保护制度提供理论支撑。[方法]文章基于渐进决策理论,运用文献研究法与系统分析法识别耕地保护决策变迁模式并分析路径依赖特征。[结果]农地产权的排他性与激励性逐渐强化,有限性相对减弱,为保护耕地营造了安全稳定的产权环境;中国耕地保护经历了体系形成、逐步完善、趋向成熟的阶段,遵循渐进决策模式,在平稳过渡中不断优化;耕地保护渐进决策深受产权阶段性变迁的影响,主要体现在制度环境、市场管理与农户行为路径。在制度上表现为冲突、迁移、协同的效应演变,在市场上表现为滞后、服务与激励的特征变化,农户行为则反映了群体效应、外部效应、预期效应的变化。[结论]随着产权变迁,产权效应耦合变化推动耕地保护决策发展。未来应优化农地产权制度结构、健全农地市场的公共服务管理、合理实现耕地生态产品的价值,以促进耕地保护决策良性发展。 相似文献
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研究目的:为进一步完善农地经营权抵押融资政策,提高农地经营权抵押融资农户满意度提供依据。研究方法:问卷调查法,统计分析法,多元有序Logistic。研究结果:农地抵押贷款额度存在小额度借贷与大额借贷并存的特点,农户贷款资金主要用于农业生产投资,但贷款期限偏短;农户对农地抵押融资总体比较满意,专业大户的满意度高于普通农户;农地抵押贷款在缓解农户资金约束、改善生产状况和促进收入增长方面的作用得到农户的认可;供养比、土地面积、满足资金需要程度、缓解资金约束作用、农地评估值、利率水平、贷款手续、贷款期限是影响农户满意度的关键因素。研究结论:金融机构应完善贷款条款,如简化贷款手续、延长贷款期限等,提供更具有竞争力的农地抵押贷款产品与服务,建立与农户高效的沟通机制,提高农户满意度甚至是忠诚度,增强核心竞争力。 相似文献