供应商关系的公司价值鉴证效应

文章以中国制造业上市公司为研究对象,考察了外部审计鉴证是否可以替代内部关系治理来提升供应商关系的价值创造效应。研究发现,紧密的供应商关系显著提升了公司的价值,同时也降低了企业对高质量审计鉴证服务的需求,但这种需求的降低并没有弱化供应商关系对公司价值的提升作用,说明内部关系治理与高质量审计鉴证服务存在替代效应。同时,随着外部制度环境的改善,上述替代效应会减弱。文章为理解外部审计鉴证与以关系治理为主要特征的转型经济社会中的关系网络如何联合影响公司价值创造提供了更为直接的经验证据,从外部审计鉴证的视角进一步丰富和拓展了关系型交易影响公司价值的研究文献。     

Debt and corporate governance in emerging economiesEvidence from India1

We analyze the role of debt in corporate governance with respect to a large emerging economy, India, where debt has been an important source of external finance. Using cross‐sectional data on listed manufacturing firms we estimate, simultaneously, the relation between Tobin's Q and leverage for three years, 1996, 2000 and 2003. Our analysis indicates that while in the early years of institutional change, debt did not have any disciplinary effect on either standalone or group affiliated firms, the disciplinary effect appeared in the later years as institutions became more market oriented. We also find limited evidence of debt being used as an expropriation mechanism in group firms that are more vulnerable to such expropriation. In general, our results highlight the role of ownership structures and institutions in debt governance.     

多元化经营企业组织结构与治理特征的匹配关系

本文在分析多元化经营企业组织结构演进过程的基础上,形成了多元化经营企业不同组织结构下管理控制系统、公司治理特征的匹配关系以及管理与治理关系的逻辑。提出管理与治理各司其职,存在相互制约的瓶颈,并且在不同的组织结构下存在不同的替代关系。只有实现企业组织结构与管理控制系统、治理特征的匹配,才能克服管理与治理的瓶颈,有效实现对企业的控制与管理。     

基于交易成本经济学的外部治理与企业技术创新关系研究

外部治理机制缺失已成为我国公司治理机制构建中的瓶颈。以交易成本经济学为视角,从技术创新的资产专用性出发,探讨技术创新与公司外部治理的匹配问题,研究外部治理与企业技术创新的关系,对如何使技术创新与公司外部治理机制更好地匹配提出一些政策和建议,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

公司治理与股改对价的确定

本文构建了中国上市公司治理指数,以截至2006年7月31日已经完成股权分置改革(以下简称股改)的890家公司作为研究样本,考察了在股改对价的确定过程中,流通股东是否考虑了公司治理水平的因素。研究结果发现:公司治理水平高的公司,流通股股东会要求较低的对价水平;同时,对于大股东和机构投资者降低对价水平,侵害中小投资者利益的"合谋"行为,公司治理水平高的公司能够显著地降低这种"合谋"带给中小投资者的不利影响。本研究的结论和文献一致,公司治理能够降低对中小股东的剥削,投资者能够对公司治理进行适当的定价。     

Capital structure and corporate governance quality: Evidence from the Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS)

Grounded in agency theory, this study explores how capital structure is influenced by aggregate corporate governance quality. We measure governance quality using broad-based comprehensive governance metrics provided by the Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS). The empirical evidence reveals a robust inverse association between leverage and governance quality. Firms with poor governance are significantly more leveraged. It appears that leverage substitutes for corporate governance in alleviating agency conflicts. Further, we utilize empirical methods that control for endogeneity and show that poor governance quality likely brings about, and does not merely reflect, higher leverage. Our results are important as they show that the overall quality of corporate governance has a material impact on critical corporate decisions such as capital structure choices.     

Debt financing,soft budget constraints,and government ownershipEvidence from China1

Debt financing is expected to improve the quality of corporate governance, but we find, using a large sample of public listed companies (PLCs) from China, that an increase in bank loans increases the size of managerial perks and free cash flows and decreases corporate efficiency. We find that bank lending facilitates managerial exploitation of corporate wealth in government‐controlled firms, but constrains managerial agency costs in firms controlled by private owners. We argue that the failure of corporate governance may derive from the shared government ownership of lenders and borrowers, which nurtures soft budget constraints.     

高管团队内薪酬差距、公司绩效和治理结构

公司高管团队内薪酬差距主要指CEO薪酬水平同其他高层管理人员之间的薪酬数额的差别。本文对我国上市公司内高层管理人员薪酬差距和公司未来绩效之间关系进行了检验 ,发现二者之间具有显著的正向关系 ,大薪酬差距可以提升公司绩效。该结果支持薪酬激励的锦标赛理论而不是行为理论。本文还发现 ,影响我国公司薪酬差距的主要因素不是公司外部市场环境因素和企业自身经营运作上的特点 ,而是公司治理结构。本文认为 ,我国上市公司应适当提高薪酬差距以维持足够的锦标赛激励能量 ,而提高薪酬差距的主要出路在于进行治理结构改革。     

中国上市公司治理结构的实证研究

我国上市公司的市场价值与其治理结构有无联系?投资者愿为治理良好的公司付出多大的溢价?本文旨在对上述两大问题进行全面和系统的实证研究,揭示当前上市公司存在的治理弊病,为建立具有中国特色的公司治理体系提供依据。为此,我们充分考虑了公司治理的内外部机制,并结合中国的市场环境,归纳出一系列变量来描述公司治理在我国的具体实践。基于这个变量体系,我们运用主元因素分析法编制了一个可反映上市公司治理水平的综合指标——G指标。我们的实证研究发现:( 1 )治理水平高的企业其市场价值也高;( 2 )投资者愿为治理良好的公司付出相当可观的溢价。     

Does bank shareholding impact corporate innovation? Evidence from China

Corporate innovation is an engine of economic development, while bank shareholding is the phenomenon of having a bank as a shareholder. Their relationship, however, has been underexamined. We provide the first study on the direct impact of bank shareholding on corporate innovation. Using patents granted to Chinese firms from 1999 to 2013, our findings suggest that bank shareholding significantly contributes to corporate innovation. Additional analysis suggests that easing financial constraints can facilitate the positive impacts of bank shareholding on corporate innovation. We also find that bank shareholding works better when firms have effective external monitoring and when they are nonstate-owned firms with nonstate-owned banks as shareholders. We contribute to the literature by showing that (1) despite the restrictions some countries impose on bank shareholding, allowing it could be a good economic policy for promoting corporate innovation, and (2) successful corporate innovation requires proper monitoring and incentives.     

股权结构、企业绩效与投资者利益保护

公司治理的核心是对投资者利益的保护 ,公司治理、股权结构与企业绩效之间存在非常密切的内在联系。本文对深交所 1 996— 1 999年除金融性行业以外的上市公司股权结构与企业绩效之间的关系所进行的经验研究表明 ,在公司治理对外部投资人利益缺乏保护的情况下 ,流通股比例与企业业绩之间负相关 ;在非保护性行业第一大股东持股比例与企业业绩正相关 ;国有股比例、① 法人股比例与企业业绩之间的相关关系不显著。本文的研究结果表明 ,国有股减持和民营化必须建立在保护投资者利益的基础上 ,否则将不利于公司治理的优化和企业绩效的提高。     

机构投资者如何影响企业创新——兼论机构投资者与企业异质性

机构投资者作为我国资本市场的重要组成部分,在公司治理外部监管等方面发挥着不可小觑的作用。将公司治理传导效应纳入机构持股与企业创新关系及作用机理分析框架,基于2007—2018年A股上市公司数据进行实证检验。结果发现,机构投资者持股显著促进企业创新,内部控制有效性、核心技术人员股权激励和管理费用控制是机构投资者促进企业创新的3个重要传导路径。另外,战略型机构投资者对企业创新的影响相较于财务型机构投资者更为突出;同时,机构投资者对非国有企业创新存在显著促进作用,但对国有企业整体创新的影响不显著。     

信息发布者特征与企业创新

本文关注公司信息发布者(即董秘)的差异对企业创新的影响。研究发现:(1)当上市公司的信息发布者为金牌董秘时,其创新产出水平更高;(2)当金牌董秘专业相关程度越高、工作越勤勉时,其对企业创新的促进作用越强;(3)进一步的中介效应检验表明,提升公司内部信息披露质量及改善公司外部信息沟通环境是金牌董秘促进企业创新的重要途径。本文的研究不仅丰富了与信息发布者相关的经济后果以及企业创新影响因素的文献,对于全面认识董秘这一高管职业群体如何影响微观企业行为乃至宏观经济也具有重要的启示意义。     

Does corporate governance play an important role in BHC performance? Evidence from the U.S.

This study explores the relationship between the operating performance and corporate governance of bank holding companies (BHCs) in the U.S. The modified data envelopment analysis (DEA) is utilized to integrate the five rating indicators of CAMEL (Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings, and Liquidity) so as to estimate the BHCs' performance. This study also employs the modified tiered DEA to categorize 68 BHCs into three Tiers. Additionally, the truncated-regression is employed to discuss whether or not the corporate governance would affect the performance of BHCs. The empirical results present the trade-off relationship with CAMEL indicators in the Tier1—Efficient BHCs. Moreover, it has been found that there are negative impacts on BHC's performance from board size, outside directors, the average age of directors and CEO/Chairman duality, while there are positive impacts from the number of committee and Big-4 auditors. The results further prove that corporate governance is important for the operating performance of BHCs.     

第一大股东对公司治理、企业业绩的影响分析

本文以 1 997年以前在中国上市的 50 8个上市公司 1 997— 2 0 0 0年 4年间的2 0 3 2个观察值为样本 ,研究了第一大股东的所有权性质、第一大股东的变更对公司治理效力和企业业绩的影响。本文的研究发现 ,上市公司第一大股东的所有权性质不同 ,其公司业绩、股权结构和治理效力也不同。第一大股东为非国家股股东的公司有着更高的企业价值和更强的盈利能力 ,在经营上更具灵活性 ,公司治理的效力更高 ,其高级管理层也面临着更多的来自企业内部和市场的监督和激励。另外 ,本文的研究还发现 ,对于不同性质的公司 ,第一大股东的变更带来的影响也有所不同 ,但基本上都是正面的。第一大股东的变更有利于公司治理效力的提高 ,有利于公司规模的扩大和管理的更加专业化。本文的研究为国有股减持和股权多元化提供了经验证据 ,论证了控制权转移市场对深化改革和完善公司治理的重要性     

何种治理纠治企业创新短视？基于熊彼特传统的创新型企业理论

本文检验基于熊彼特传统的创新型企业理论提出的战略控制、组织整合和财务承诺等公司治理条件对企业创新的影响。研究发现：第一,理解技术前沿的企业决策者能够提高企业科技人员对企业创新具有显著的促进作用;第二,员工分享企业价值增值、高管晋升模式、决策权集中等对创新的影响在不同类型企业中存在差异;第三,融资约束越严重的企业在战略控制、组织整合和财务承诺的实施上冲突越大;第四,企业有相似治理结构但创新绩效差异悬殊,原因可能在于企业实施战略控制、组织整合和财务承诺的方式不同。本文通过纯手工搜集数据构造相关变量指标,首次针对中国情境下的创新型企业理论进行实证检验和分析。研究表明,创新型企业理论所提出的公司治理原则有助于指导、培育和激励企业创新,为我国企业实现科技自立自强提供新的治理思路。     

Waste disclosure and corporate cash holdings

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we address an important and emerging question: Can firms’ voluntary waste disclosure affect corporate cash holdings? Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, we find strong evidence for a positive relationship between waste disclosure and the cash holding policy of firms. Furthermore, we find that waste disclosure significantly increases cash holdings only for firms with strong corporate governance quality. We also find that the significant relationship between waste disclosure and cash holdings remains unchanged only for firms that operate in environmentally sensitive industries. Our paper provides novel evidence on the role of voluntary waste disclosure as an environmental dimension that influences the cash policy of firms and highlights the little-known issue of waste disclosure as a significant research topic.     

Corporate Governance and Financial Performance of Companies in Poland

The research presented in the paper is aimed at examining the relationship between the level of corporate governance and the financial performance of listed companies in Poland. The corporate governance degree is expressed by the outcomes of a rating of 2003 performed by Polish Corporate Governance Forum. The attempted models are of ordered multinomial type. Endogenous variable represents the rating outcome (A−, B+, B, B−, and C+), while the exogenous variables include various financial indicators evaluated on the basis of the 2002 financial statements. The estimated ordered logit models show that the level of corporate governance of companies in Poland is associated with their ability to cope with the financial distress, as expressed by the degree of liquidity, profitability and the financial leverage variables.     

Quality-oriented growth: a new trend for Chinese firms

ABSTRACT

Based on data from the China Employer-Employee Survey (CEES), this study analyses the actual effect of quality-driven growth on firms’ performances in the economic transition of recent years. The results show positive and significant effects between the firms’ performance and quality-oriented growth, which is defined as a strategy that supports the spirit of greater entrepreneurial innovation, the advancement of input quality, and corporate governance improvement. Using a quality-driven growth mode, firms can effectively relieve the adverse effect of downward macroeconomic growth pressure on performance. This study proposes that China’s macroeconomic policy should shift from demand-oriented management to supply-oriented management, with a particular focus on quality development strategy. Moreover, firms should establish a quality-driven development strategy, facilitating a spirit of entrepreneurial innovation, advancing input quality, and improving corporate governance. This strategy will increase the firm’s performance, and effectively relieve the macroeconomic downward pressure.

Abbreviations: CEES: China Employer-Employee Survey, TFP: Total factor productivity     

团队稳定性与企业创新

创新对于以“基业长青”为目标的家族企业意义重大。以2011-2015年中国上市家族企业作为样本,运用社会情感财富理论和企业行为理论,分析了团队稳定性与企业创新之间的关系,并探讨了期望差距与制度效率对两者关系的调节作用。结果表明：团队稳定性与企业创新之间呈正相关关系;期望落差对团队稳定性与企业创新之间的关系没有显著影响,而期望顺差会削弱团队稳定性与企业创新之间的正向关系;制度效率会削弱团队稳定性与企业创新之间的正向关系。进一步研究发现,家族涉入水平不会对团队稳定性与企业创新之间的关系产生显著影响。以团队作为切入点研究家族企业创新问题,不仅丰富了现有研究视角,还为家族企业开展创新活动提供了一定的理论依据。