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本文基于实地调查 ,阐述了改革开放以来江苏省林政资源管理随林业产权演变发生的相应变化 ,在此基础上进一步分析了当前林业产权制度改革对林政资源管理的影响及出现的新问题 ,并提出了相应的政策建议。 相似文献
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The paper discusses social impact management plan (SIMP) as a planning tool for communities to continuously and adaptively manage and address the diverse social changes caused by mining developments. It introduces an empirical case study, where the SIMP is applied to deal with the possibilities and problems that the mining boom has created in a rural, sparsely populated municipality in Northern Europe. The making of the SIMP n the Sodankylä Municipality was the first community-led policy programme focused on mining in Finland. After collaborative planning with relevant stakeholders and political decision-making process, a SIMP laying out shared visions and mutually agreed actions was given the status of an official policy programme in 2018. However, there are several uncertainties related to the realization of the SIMP. From the viewpoint of governance dependencies, there are still differing opinions among the local stakeholders, including the mining companies, about what socially sustainable mining actually means and demands. Also, communities are often left with no other choice than to adapt to the interdependencies inherent in local governance, national legislation and politics. They also have to get used to international economic fluctuations and to the uncertainties intrinsic to the global production and consumption of metals. Nevertheless, the SIMP is a worthwhile effort to achieve the best local solutions related to mining in the northernmost parts of Europe. 相似文献
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The increasing magnitude and frequency of landslide-related disasters exposes weaknesses in disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy. One of the underlying reasons is that DRR policies tend to focus only on the physical aspects of the problem (i.e. mass movement processes) while neglecting the level of vulnerability of exposed populations to landslide threats, which affects the types and magnitude of adverse consequences. This neglect is a typical symptom of the remoteness that can exist between public administrators and local communities and undermines the implementation of participatory risk management. Certain dimensions of vulnerability depend on how communities relate to the issue of disasters based on their intuitive or rational judgment, i.e. their perception of risk. This paper seeks to shed light on the need for an understanding of risk perception based on the findings from a survey of residents in the city of Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to be taken into account in aiming at a more efficient landslide risk management policy. The survey was carried out through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with residents of three typical hillside communities in this municipality. In general, the study found that residents will often weigh landslide risks against other threats and opportunities existing where they live. It also found that community members find it difficult to see themselves as agents of change in the environment where they live and in mitigating landslide risks, and that better communication is needed between the government agencies involved in risk management and local residents. 相似文献
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Land issues are a major constraint for resource management, whether it relates to urban planning, environmental protection or agricultural development. There is presently a proliferation of initiatives by a diversity of actors, that produce notable changes in terms of land tenure. A few studies have described some of them in France, without analysing the change mechanisms. Moreover, land tenure is often difficult to understand given its complexity and its multiple dimensions. Here, we propose an analysis of land tenure changes with the lens of property-use relationships (PUR), through a social innovation framework. This allows us to analyse the collective action at the heart of change. The analysis rests upon two case studies selected for their multiscale character, and as two different entries to scrutinize land changes: the “Terre de Liens” movement, a new actor stemming from civil society; and the “rural land lease subject to environmental clauses”, a recent authorized instrument of tenancy contract. These land tenure changes are important although circumscribed because they involve all actors’ spheres and scales and create new frameworks. These changes contribute to express societal demands through new lessor’s management right. Where the parties to the PUR share a common reference framework and the same agricultural development objective, the conditions set out in the PUR seem guaranteed. If they do not, a mutual acculturation process seems necessary – beyond the contractual terms – to enable a compromise between the management rationales of a protected area in one hand, and a farm on the other hand. 相似文献
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Over the last decade, important land and forest governance reforms have taken place in many tropical countries, including the devolution of ownership rights over land and forests, decentralization that created mechanisms for forest dwellers to participate in decision making in lowest tiers of governments. These reforms have resulted in an intensive academic debate on governance and management of forests and how actors should be involved. An important but understudied element in this debate is the ways in which communities cope with new legislation and responsibilities. Property rights bestowed by the government leave many aspects undecided and require that local forest users devise principles of access and allocation and establish authority to control those processes. We studied 16 communities in the northern Bolivian Amazon to evaluate how forest communities develop and control local rules for resource access and use. We found that the first requirement to community rule design, enforcement, and effective forest management is the opportunity to, and equity of, access to forest resources among members. Under the newly imposed forestry regulations, communities took matters in their own hands and designed more specific rules, rights and obligations of how community members could and should use economically important resources. The cases suggest that communities hold and maintain capacity to prepare their own ownership arrangements and related rules, even if they are strongly conditioned by the regulatory reforms. Very specific local histories, that may differ from community to community, influence strongly how specific ideas are being shaped, which in northern Bolivia resulted in notable local differences. The results suggest that new regulatory regimes should create appropriate conditions for communities to define adequate or at least convenient forestry institutions that assure an acceptable level of collective coexistence according to each particular communal history. 相似文献
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江苏省林业产权制度改革中权属关系之研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
江苏地处长江下游 ,是一个“一山二水七分田”的平原农业省 ,按人口和经济实力在全国是一个大省 ,但土地面积和资源状况在全国是一个小省 ,特别是森林资源相对匮乏 ,林地面积有限。在人多地少 ,森林覆盖率低 ,生态环境脆弱的情况下 ,如何加快林业建设 ,使林业生产与江苏经济建设和社会发展相适应就显得十分重要。经过多年的努力 ,江苏省林业取得了长足进展 ,“八五”期间基本上实现平原绿化。林业作为生态环境的主体 ,其生态效益和社会效益日益明显 ,在发挥这两大效益的同时 ,林业已经成为江苏农村经济的重要组成部分。本文通过对江苏省林业的实地调查 ,针对现实中存在的问题 ,从产权权属法律规定的角度 ,阐明了进一步深化江苏林业产权制度的对策措施。 相似文献
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南方集体林区林业规费调查分析及启示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在对福建省进行实地调查的基础上,分析了南方集体林区林业规费征收、使用和管理中的问题及其对林业生产的影响。总的来看,南方集体林区普遍存在林业规费种类多、规费挤占严重、用途改变、规费的分配对林农不公平以及政府公共支出缺位等问题。合理的林业规费体系的建立应包括取消育林基金、维简费和各种不合理的收费,保留林业保护建设费等少数费用,完善林业部门中的公共财政支出体系以及明晰森林产权等。 相似文献
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江苏省林业产权制度改革林地流转政策研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
江苏经过多年的努力 ,林业取得了长足的进展 ,林业已经成为江苏农业的重要组成部分 ,如何在提高农民收入的同时 ,加速林业产业化进程 ,增强林业活力 ,关键是建立和完善林业产权制度 ,林业产权制度改革的核心是林地流转机制的建立和完善。通过对江苏各地的调查发现 ,在当前的林地流转过程中 ,缺少相关政策的指导 ,实际中存在着一些不规范的情况 ,本文拟从江苏实际出发 ,针对林业产权制度改革中存在的问题 ,提出相应的对策措施 ,以保证江苏林业产权制度改革的顺利进行。 相似文献
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在非公有制发展的政策和法制大背景下,结合中国的国情和林业的特殊性,以现代产权理论的分析介绍为基础,深入探讨了非公有制林业发展的产权制度构筑问题,论述了林地使用权是其产权基础,并从产权上构筑了非公有制林业发展的框架。 相似文献
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Transfer of land-use rights from the state to individual households and groups of households to encourage community forest management (CFM) and use of forest resources for livelihood improvement, has been in place in Vietnam since the 1990s. However, to date there has been no evidence of allocation to groups of households as community entities with joint ownership. This paper examines the success of processes tested in four villages in mountainous northern Vietnam to officially secure joint ownership of and exclusive rights to community forest land. After four years, implementation of CFM led to enhanced equality and distribution of benefits, and better protection of forest resources. Household income remained largely unchanged, in part because of loss of income from activities which were now illegal, but also because it was too early for benefits to flow from new forestry initiatives. Active participation of and between village communities in land-use planning and allocation, and a willingness to compromise, particularly on the position of land boundaries, were essential elements to ensuring equity in the distribution of benefits. Lack of enabling processes and experience in the implementation of government policies mean that further support for village communities is needed to fully realize the benefits from joint management of the allocated community forest. 相似文献
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现代林业集约化森林经营的思考 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
实行森林经营集约化是缓解森林资源危机的科学途径;反思林业机构设置对现代林业建设的影响;提出森林经营的关键在于把林况和经营措施落实到山头地块,编好和严格执行森林经营方案;小班林木经营的好坏,决定集约化森林经营的成败。 相似文献
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以福建省三明市尤溪县上源村林业专业合作社为例,基于制度分析与发展框架(IAD)分析林业专业合作社的形成、治理模式,结合行动情境内部的7个规则变量,探究林业专业合作社内部集体行动形成过程。结果表明:上源村林业专业合作社内部集体行动水平受行动情境内部7个规则变量的影响,并在这7个规则的联合作用机制下形成了较高水平的集体行动,有效发挥了林业资源的生态价值、经济价值和社会价值;在林业专业合作社内部集体行动形成过程中,边界规则确定了林业专业合作社资源与成员规模,身份规则决定了林业专业合作社成员的职能,范围规则、选择规则、偿付规则和信息规则决定了林业专业合作社成员的权利、收益、成本和监督水平,聚合规则提高了林业专业合作社成员对集体行动决策的控制水平。 相似文献
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林业经济管理专业学生实践和科研能力培养之我见 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
林业经济管理专业是服务于林业行业的专业 ,林业行业的特点决定了对学生的培养目标是十分明确的 ,学生所学的知识和所形成的能力主要应用于实践。因此 ,在整个教学过程中要加强实践环节 ,通过强化学生的实践和科研能力来达到提高学生综合能力的目的非常重要。 相似文献
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介绍了芬兰林业发展状况,进一步从林业政策、林业立法和管理服务体系三方面对芬兰林业管理制度和管理服务体系进行了介绍。提出我国应从国家发展的战略高度,推进林业发展;应采用促进科技进步,发展适度规模经营,建设现代林业等建议。 相似文献
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基于9省18县市2009~2013年1452户农户数据,运用面板数据随机效应模型,论证了非农就业地理距离,集体林权配套改革对于农户林业投入行为会产生的影响。基于研究得出结论:非农就业的地理距离越远,家庭外出务工指数越高,对家庭林业投入产生的负向作用越大;集体林权配套改革中,林权贷款以及林地流转对农户林业投入有显著正向影响;此外,农户林地面积、所在村到县城距离、是否为山区、是否获得林权贷款以及是否参与林地流转都对农户林业投入有显著影响。因此,提出充分利用当地林业资源推动农户本地非农就业以及推动林地流转与林权贷款等配套改革措施的政策建议。 相似文献
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10年来中国林业经济研究进展及今后的研究方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析在公共财政的投资下,天然林保护、退耕还林等森林生态工程的实施,使森林多目标经营思想得到体现,从而导致林业产出及结构发生了巨变;指出林业经济研究者及时地把握了变化的脉搏,但是森林经营目标的选择过程、约束条件等许多科学问题,期待继续深入探索。阐述市场机制在森林培育、林产品加工、林业企业经营管理等方面充分地发挥着配置资源的作用;林业行政部门的职能和行政管理方式的变化也推动了资源配置的进一步优化;指出学者们对此制度变迁进行了研究,但是重要发现仍显不足。通过《林业经济问题》10年来发表的论文总结出,未来的研究需要以林业经济活动的实践、数据资料的积累工作为基础,把握好选题、适用理论和计量工具等研究方法。 相似文献
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林业供应链管理研究评述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对近年来国内外林业供应链管理相关文献的分析,进一步拓展了林业供应链的概念和研究范畴,从木材加工、林—浆—纸一体化、木材生物质能源、非木质林产品、林业物流等方面对近年来林业供应链的研究内容进行了评述,并对未来的研究趋势进行了归纳。 相似文献