外资银行进入对我国银行业影响的实证研究

本文通过实证检验,分析了外资银行进入对我国国內银行绩效影响的短期效应,并同其它发展中国家的情况进行了对比研究。计量结果表明,由于我国经济金融体制上的固有特点,我国银行业绩效在面临外资竞争时,也表现出了较大的不同。     

Asymmetric information and the mode of entry in foreign credit markets

In a newly liberalized credit market, foreign banks with cost advantages are likely to be less informed than domestic banks that hold information on credit risks. These relative advantages may generate incentives for a foreign bank to negotiate acquisition of a domestic bank in order to capture information endowments. However, if it is difficult to assess the value of information held by banks, the foreign bank will face important choices about the optimal mode of entry and what acquisition price to pay. These choices have implications for the survival of domestic banks and how capital is allocated after liberalization.     

Does foreign bank penetration affect the risk of domestic banks? Evidence from emerging economies

We investigate whether foreign bank penetration affects the risk of domestic banks in emerging economies. By using bank-level data from 35 markets during the period of 2000–2014, we find significant evidence that the risk of domestic banks increases with the presence of foreign banks in the host economy, and this finding is shown to be consistent in a series of robustness tests. We also find that the incidence of such effects is more pronounced for domestic banks which are less efficient and less based on traditional activities. Foreign banks exert more pronounced impacts on domestic banks’ risk when they enter the host market via M&A, as opposed to greenfield investments, and when they belong to foreign conglomerates which provide strong internal support.     

The economic effects of foreign bank presence: Evidence from the Philippines

This study examines the economic effects of the liberalization of foreign bank entry in the Philippines from 1990 to 2006. The findings provide strong evidence on the dominance of competition effects from foreign bank presence which lead to the reduction in the profitability and overhead costs of domestic commercial banks. These findings, which reveal that both the actual market penetration and mere presence of foreign banks seem to exert competitive pressure to domestic banks, imply that foreign banks may serve as an effective competitive force, reducing the excess profits earned by domestic banks and compelling domestic banks to update their production technologies and techniques to improve their cost efficiency.From a policy perspective, the findings on competition effects of foreign banks in the domestic banking system justify the liberalization of foreign bank entry in the Philippines. The main findings demonstrate that the goal of banking liberalization in transforming domestic banks to be more competitive and efficient works considerably well in the case of the Philippines. Aside from the policy of easing the entry of foreign banks, bank-specific conditions can have significant impact on the performance of domestic banks. Therefore, a sustained improvement in the efficiency of domestic commercial banks requires not only liberalizing the entry of foreign banks, but also on continued strengthening of domestic prudential regulation and supervision on the commercial banking system.     

The accuracy of reports of foreign exchange intervention by the Bank of Japan: Does Tokyo know more?

This paper examines the accuracy of press reports of foreign exchange intervention by the Bank of Japan. We investigate whether the local news wire (JiJi News) reacted differently from the foreign press (Wall Street Journal) between January 2000 and December 2003. Our results show that the likelihood of intervention being reported given that it actually occurred is higher for the JiJi News than for the Wall Street Journal, but the JiJi News has many more instances of false speculative intervention reports. As such, the underreporting by the Wall Street Journal mitigates its overall errors as compared to the JiJi News. We find that the change of Japan's intervention strategy from the beginning of 2003 has a major impact on the accuracy of press reports. Logit analysis also demonstrates that the likelihood of intervention being firmly reported increased with the size of the intervention and the magnitude of appreciation of the Japanese yen.     

Managerial Rationale for Entry and the Relation to Performance and Small-Business Lending

In a survey of banks founded from 1994–2002, we find over 85% of respondents think their small-business market was underserved, 72% felt the market needed more competition, almost half indicated they were likely to start a bank because takeover activity displaced them, and 75% entered due to a market merger. Markets of banks started by displaced managers or following a merger have performance and lending characteristics similar to comparable banks, but larger changes in asset growth rates. Managers who responded that small-businesses were underserved have higher numbers and amounts of small-business loans 3 years after entry. Managers responding that entry was due to mergers eliminating community banks have lower ROA, but larger changes in market ROA. Markets had smaller changes in ROA when entry was to provide competition or when managers thought the small business market was underserved.

外资入股对商业银行效率的影响：基于面板数据的分析

本文运用基于面板数据的回归模型,对引入外资两年以上的中资商业银行进行了实证分析,结果表明外资战略投资者的入股对中资商业银行效率具有明显的改善作用。     

IMF Bank-Restructuring Efficiency Outcomes: Evidence from East Asia

We report new findings on bank efficiency in East Asian countries for the pre- and post-IMF restructuring periods. We find that bank efficiency has improved, but only to the pre-IMF intervention level, and that restructured banks are not more efficient than their unrestructured counterparts. Different restructuring measures have different effects. Bank closures are economically justified, but mergers show short-term efficiency losses. Recapitalization and reprivatization of badly performing banks lead to efficiency improvement, but also increase government ownership. Ease of entry that has allowed for more foreign bank participation results in slightly improved performance of badly performing banks.

Entry mode choice of multinational banks

When expanding abroad, a multinational bank faces a trade-off between accessing a foreign country via cross border lending or financial foreign direct investment, i.e. greenfield or acquisition entry. We analyze the entry mode choice of multinational banks and explicitly derive the entry mode pattern in the banking industry. Moreover, we show that in less developed banking markets, a trend towards cross border lending and acquisition entry exists. Greenfield entry prevails in more developed markets. Furthermore, we identify a tendency towards acquisition entry in smaller host countries and towards greenfield entry in larger host countries.     

全球化背景下商业银行战略性风险分析

对于商业银行来说,尽管其风险因素众多,但首当其冲的是要预防可能导致银行危机的战略性风险。基于世界经济论坛对未来10年全球重大风险的分析,本文认为,未来10年影响我国商业银行的战略性风险主要有:证券市场或地产市场的暴跌、中央政府和地方政府的财政危机、中国实体经济的衰退、危害社会就业群体的慢性病和银行治理缺口。由于突发事件的影响和风险之间的连锁反应,发达国家对中国企业所采取的市场或技术封锁、食品价格波动和关键信息设施瘫痪也可能演化成为我国银行的战略性风险。     

When U.S. venture capital ventures abroad

Older, more experienced and smaller U.S. venture capital firms are most probable to sacrifice proximate distance for new opportunities in foreign, and mostly mature, portfolio companies. These companies are treated differently than the domestic ones, as U.S. venture capital firms collaborate with and delegate monitoring to foreign partners, rather than stage or syndicate. Successful outcomes mostly occur in more mature, non‐hi‐tech, portfolio companies that receive more financing per round. Our results are robust to the investee country's openness and industry classification, stage of the investment and possible sample selection problems.     

Ownership, Governance, and Bank Performance: Korean Experience

The paper examines the effect of ownership and governance on firm performance. Tracing the post financial crisis experience, 1998–2002, of the Korean commercial bank industry, the paper investigates whether the involvement of foreign investors in the ownership structure had any significant effect on the banks' performance i.e., return and risk measures. Further, it examines the effects of the presence of outside directors, especially directors from foreign countries, in the corporate board structure impacts banks performance. Evidence indicates that the extent of the foreign ownership level, not the mere existence of foreign ownership, has a significant positive association with the bank return and a significant negative association with the bank risk. The number of outside board of directors does not have any significant affect on performance however the presence of a foreign director on that board is significantly associated with bank return and risk. These findings are relatively robust under the different specifications of performance measures.     

我国中外资银行私人银行业务的比较分析及启示

目前,我国私人银行业务的发展正处在起步阶段。本文对国内中资银行和外资银行在组织结构模式、品牌忠诚度、产品与服务以及专业化水平的竞争力进行对比,分析中资银行在发展私人银行业务中的不足,进而提出中资银行在发展私人银行业务的过程中应不断完善自身财富资产管理能力和服务团队的建设,既要加强与外资金融机构的合作,也要注重金融产品创新、建立高端的专业化人才队伍以及注重私人银行离岸业务的发展。     

外资银行进入对上海银行业经营影响的实证研究

本文研究了外资银行对于在上海经营的国内银行的影响。发现外资银行促进了国内银行资产利润率的提升和贷款损失准备金的提取,对上海银行业的人民币业务没有显著影响,而对外汇业务份额有较为显著的负向影响。国内银行应不断提高风险管理水平、业务的综合化和国际化水平,监管机构应努力促进中国金融市场的竞争性,促进商业银行经营效率的提升。上海应继续以优惠政策吸引外资银行的进入,促进国际金融中心建设。     

外资银行在拉美国家银行改革中的作用

20世纪80年代末至90年代初,受“华盛顿共识”影响,拉美国家开始了大规模的银行私有化改革。1994年末的墨西哥金融危机之后,为了缓解危机和提高银行经营效率,多数拉美国家在银行私有化改革中积极鼓励外资银行进入。对于新兴市场国家而言,盲目地西化,照抄照搬发达国家的经济模式不利于本国经济的健康发展。只有依据经济规律,根据本国实际采取适合自己发展水平和管理水平的金融体系,各个经济要素才能实现最优配置和利益的最大化。     

以外储战略性注资推动中国商业银行国际化研究

跨国银行集团是发达国家核心竞争力之一,在历次危机中(尤其是在此次全球金融风暴的冲击下),西方发达国家都大幅注资本国大型金融机构,力图稳定其在国际金融领域的优势地位。中国商业银行经过多年来发展和海外经营,实力明显上升,并多次运用资本市场补充资本金,具备了提升国际化经营水平的基础,目前也迎来了国际化的良机,但仍然面临着资本约束的瓶颈。2003年以来,国家以外汇储备对中国大型商业银行进行的战略性注资,获得的回报远大于投入,并健全了我国的金融体系。从提高我国外汇储备战略性投资作用的角度,建议国家以强国方略再度以外储对大型商业银行进行战略性注资,再辅之以监管部门进一步改革监管和资本账户管制,以及商业银行在国际经营中充分发挥自身的主体作用,多管齐下来共同推动中国商业银行的国际化。