Evaluating borrower’s default risk in peer-to-peer lending: evidence from a lending platform in China

Recent years have witnessed the popularity of online peer-to-peer lending, which allows individuals to borrow from and lend to each other on an Internet-based platform. Using data from a large P2P platform in China, this article explores the factors that determine the default risk based on the demographic characteristics of borrowers. Moreover, we propose a credit risk evaluation model, which can quantify the default risk of each P2P loan. Empirical results reveal that gender, age, marital status, educational level, working years, company size, monthly payment, loan amount, debt to income ratio and delinquency history play a significant role in loan defaults. Finally, we analyse the relationship between default risk and these contributory variables, and the possible causes are also discussed in this study.     

The effect of underreporting on LIBOR rates

On May 29, 2008, the Wall Street Journal reported that several large international banks were reporting unjustifiably low LIBOR rates. Since then two large banks, Barclays and UBS, have paid significant fines for manipulating their LIBOR rates, and additional banks are expected to be fined. This paper investigates whether the underreporting of LIBOR rates by some banks significantly affected the reported LIBOR rate by testing whether there was a significant change in the relationship between the LIBOR rate and another rate that reflects the default risk of banks.     

Sovereign credit ratings in the European Union: A model-based fiscal analysis

We present a model-based measure of sovereign credit ratings derived solely from the fiscal position of a country: a forecast of its future debt liabilities, and its potential to use fiscal policy to repay these. We use this measure to calculate credit ratings for 14 European countries over the period 1995–2012. This measure identifies a European sovereign debt crisis almost two years before the official ratings of the credit rating agencies.     

Mispricing of Risk in Sovereign Bond Markets with Asymmetric Information

The likelihood that a government will repay its sovereign debt depends both on the amount of debt it issues and on the government's future ability to repay. Whilst the former is publicly observable, the government may have more information about the latter than investors. This paper shows that this asymmetric information problem impairs the market's ability to differentiate economies according to their fiscal sustainability, and can lead to a disconnect between bond prices and default risk. The model can help rationalise the behaviour of Eurozone bond prices prior to the recent European sovereign debt crisis.     

国家助学贷款风险成因分析与对策研究

国家助学贷款工作是党中央、国务院实施科教兴国战略的一项重大决策,是适应我国教育体制改革和发展的需要。加强国家助学贷款风险管理,是各商业银行面临的急需解决的问题。从国家助学贷款风险的特征出发,分析贷款风险的成因,提出防范国家助学贷款风险的对策建议。     

Do financial distress and liquidity crises affect value and size premiums?

This study investigates the impact of liquidity crises on the relationship between stock (value and size) premiums and default risk in the US market. It first examines whether financial distress can explain value and size premiums, and then, subsequently, aims to determine whether liquidity crises increase the risk of value and size premium investment strategies. The study employs a time-varying approach and a sample of US stock returns for the period between January 1982 and March 2011, a period which includes the current liquidity crisis, so as to examine the relationship between default risk, liquidity crises and value and size premiums. The findings indicate that the default premium has explanatory power for value and size premiums, which affect firms with different characteristics. We also find that liquidity crises may actually increase the risks related to size and value premium strategies.     

Evaluating credit risk and loan performance in online Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending

Online Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending has emerged recently. This micro loan market could offer certain benefits to both borrowers and lenders. Using data from the Lending Club, which is one of the popular online P2P lending houses, this article explores the P2P loan characteristics, evaluates their credit risk and measures loan performances. We find that credit grade, debt-to-income ratio, FICO score and revolving line utilization play an important role in loan defaults. Loans with lower credit grade and longer duration are associated with high mortality rate. The result is consistent with the Cox Proportional Hazard test which suggests that the hazard rate or the likelihood of the loan default increases with the credit risk of the borrowers. Finally, we find that higher interest rates charged on the high-risk borrowers are not enough to compensate for higher probability of the loan default. The Lending Club must find ways to attract high FICO score and high-income borrowers in order to sustain their businesses.     

P2P网贷平台信息披露水平、投资人信任与投资风险

P2P网贷平台问题频发损害了投资人的利益,为规范中国网络借贷市场,政府将信息披露列为监管的重点。本文依据目前现有信息披露准则,首次对中国P2P网贷平台的信息披露水平进行评价,实证分析P2P网贷平台信息披露水平与投资人对平台的信任、有关平台的投资风险之间有关系。研究结果表明,平台信息披露程度越高,越容易吸引当期的投资人参与交易,提升平台的成交量;同时,平台信息披露水平有助于投资人降低有关平台的投资风险。此外,投资人在选择平台时忽略了产品信息披露的重要性。研究结果对中国P2P网贷平台监管政策的实施提供了有益的参考。     

基于SV-KMV模型的信用风险度量研究

KMV模型是度量信用风险的主要模型,股权价值波动率是KMV模型的重要参数,应用改进KMV模型GARCH-KMV模型与SV-KMV模型对中国上市公司信用质量的实证研究表明:股权价值波动与KMV模型的结果违约距离高度负相关;GARCH-KMV与SV-KMV模型均能度量上市公司信用状况,但SV-KMV模型比GARCH-KMV模型度量效果更好。     

资产负债表的直接传染--一种银行与企业信用链上的信贷冲击乘数效应

文章立足于中国垄断竞争型的信贷市场,以直接金融对银行间接金融的替代性较弱为前提,深入分析了在经济或金融紧缩时期,银行贷款收缩或变动通过资产负债表的直接传染可能产生的一种信贷冲击乘数效应,并且指出,这种乘数效应可能与现有文献所研究的信用渠道中的银行借款渠道和金融加速器效应形成相互强化机制,进一步放大信贷变动对经济造成的冲击.     

P2P网络借贷的运营与法律监管

P2P网络借贷的迅猛发展给监管带来了巨大的挑战。在美国,P2P网络借贷实行由证券监管部门、银行监管部门、金融消费者保护局等多个部门共同监管的分散监管体制,对投资者的保护主要是通过证券监管实现的。英国自2014年4月起将P2P网络借贷纳入金融行为局(FCA)的监管范畴。我国尚未对P2P网络借贷予以监管,但P2P行业因涉及公众利益,出于风险防范和其健康发展的需要,监管问题必须尽快予以解决。由于P2P借贷公司从事的是类金融业务,故应由监管金融业务的机构予以监管。在我国现行的金融监管体制下,对P2P网络借贷实行统一监管的机构应为银监会。     

可接受环境风险水平研究方法

可接受环境风险水平的确定是开展环境风险预警、实现高效环境风险管理的必要前提。在界定可接受风险水平概念、分析及其内涵的基础上,结合环境风险评价和风险受体调查问卷,初步构建了可接受风险水平研究方法体系,为进一步完善环境风险管理提供科学依据。     

防范民间借贷风险的对策选择

当前民间借贷风险爆发已经引起全社会的高度关注,且业内外判断本轮民间借贷必有部分资金来自银行贷款。本文结合理论研究、银行信贷管理经验并经过深入调研,认为本轮民间借贷潮中,银行资金流入民间市场更多的是个人贷款资金直接流入或通过借款人投资的小贷公司、担保公司曲线流入形成的,而缺乏严格的个人贷款额度测算管理造成过度授信是问题的根源,进而本文提出解决的途径须从两方面入手:一是监管部门加强个人贷款额度的测算监管;二是商业银行完善个人贷款额度测算管理。     

环境保险是商业银行管理不确定性较高的环境风险的有效手段

环境保险是商业银行转嫁项目融资中不确定性程度较高的环境风险的重要手段,是各国环境立法不断强化商业银行环境责任背景下商业银行环境风险管理的重要内容。同时,环境保险也对商业银行加强环境风险管理发挥着重要的监督和促进作用。我国环境立法的日趋完善对商业银行贷款的环境风险管理提出了更高的要求,特别是在国际项目融资业务方面,面对的环境风险将更为复杂。为了提高国际竞争力,我国商业银行要积极借鉴国际经验,运用环境保险合理转嫁和规避环境风险,提高环境风险管理水平。     

Auctions for social lending: A theoretical analysis

Prosper, today the second largest social lending marketplace with nearly 1.5 million members and $380 million in funded loans, employed an auction mechanism amongst lenders to finance each borrower's loan until 2010. Given that a basic premise of social lending is cheap loans for borrowers, how does the Prosper auction do in terms of the borrower's payment, when lenders are strategic agents with private true interest rates? We first analyze the Prosper auction as a game of complete information and fully characterize its Nash equilibria, and show that the uniform-price Prosper mechanism, while simple, can lead to much larger payments for the borrower than the VCG mechanism. We next compare the Prosper mechanism against the borrower-optimal auction in an incomplete information setting, and conclude by examining the Prosper mechanism when modeled as a dynamic auction, and provide tight bounds on the price for a general class of bidding strategies.     

次贷危机对金融衍生品风险管理的启示

金融衍生品高杠杆交易是美国次级贷款危机爆发的根源。由于涉及资金链广泛断裂,引发杠杆式破坏,放大效应殃及全球。所以,需要健全法律制度,创造良好环境,加紧对衍生品交易市场和投资者的监管,培养金融衍生品风险管理人才,加强国际监管合作等金融衍生品交易风险进行防范。     

论住房抵押贷款终止偿付型理性违约

住房抵押贷款债务人不仅会进行提前偿付型理性违约 ,在相关机制不健全时也会进行终止偿付型理性违约。终止偿付型理性违约是指在住房抵押贷款存续期内 ,债务人在自身财务状况正常的情况下 ,因经济理性而从某一时刻起终止继续履行对尚欠贷款本息的偿还责任的违约行为。它发生的客观性在于住房抵押贷款债务人对所购住房损失最小化或收益最大化的财务预期能否顺利实现。建立终止偿付型理性违约发生的条件模型 ,可找出抵押率、贷期、已还款量和已履约时间等变量与条件模型的内在关系 ,进而设计出我国金融机构主动防范终止偿付型理性违约风险的思路。