SIMPLIFYING THE TAXATION OF PENSIONS

The current tax framework for pensions is now economically incoherent. The changes in the 1997 Budget made it more so. Changes can be made to restore its coherence. However, any attempt to remove tax relief at the higher rate, as has been discussed by academics and commentators recently, would be wrong in principle and could not work in practice. The pension fund tax codes and the rules for annuitisation should also be simplified significantly. The Inland Revenue no longer needs to design detailed rules to prevent people 'abusing' tax relief. Such detailed rules are extremely costly to implement and, because they make the whole system impenetrable, stop people from using pension vehicles for saving.     

On minimizing the welfare cost of fiscal policy: evidence from South Asia

This study evaluates whether India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka minimized the welfare cost of their fiscal policies? For this purpose it tests tax smoothing hypothesis and finds that there is a weak tax smoothing in Pakistan and Sri Lanka whilst fiscal policy in India has not been conducted in an optimal fashion in accordance with the predictions of the hypothesis. The difference in results is due to difference in budget deficits as the deficits of Pakistan and Sri Lanka are higher as compare to India so they are careful to reduce volatility in budget deficits by trying to keep close correspondence between taxes and expenditures while India, with comparatively less deficit, was more careful regarding its debt. Therefore, to minimize the cost a close correspondence between permanent expenditure and taxes are required. In this context the best policy option would be an initiation of prompt action program of tax base expansions and expenditure rationalization.     

物业税的开征对房地产市场的调控作用

从长期看,房价会随着经济的增长而增长。但我国房价近年来每年以30%～50%的速度增长肯定是有问题的。高房价成了目前中国社会各种矛盾的焦点之一。政府可以通过法律与制度来调整目前国内房地产市场严重的利益不均衡。而税收政策就是其中不可或缺的工具。文中从物业税设置的必要性、可行性等方面加以论述,讨论了物业税开征对房价的调控作用。     

Inflation-related tax distortions in business valuation models: A clarification

The current corporate income tax (CIT) expense occupies just one line item on the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. However, it is a unique line item following tax rules and not financial reporting rules. The difference between these rules is that it reflects the effective tax rate (ETR), which can differ from the statutory tax rate (STR). With inflation, this ETR-STR difference can be more significant due to the contribution of tax distortions. In this study, we expand on the standard formulas for the ETR by analyzing the effects of inflation-related tax distortions when computed under the following four cases: (i) Historical-cost-based accounting under a nominal tax basis, (ii) Fair-value-based accounting under a nominal tax basis, (iii) Historical-cost-based accounting under a real tax basis, and (iv) Fair-value-based accounting under a real tax basis. Further, we suggest a modified model for business valuation considering these tax distortions and provide a general formula to independently calculate the value of inflation-related tax distortions.     

Social Security and the Retirement and Savings Behavior of Low Income Households

In this paper, we develop and estimate a model of retirement and savings incorporating limited borrowing, stochastic wage offers, health status and survival, social security benefits, Medicare and employer-provided health insurance coverage, and intentional bequests. The model is estimated on a sample of relatively poor households from the first three waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), for whom we would expect social security income to be of particular importance. The estimated model is used to simulate the responses to changes in social security rules, including changes in benefit levels, in the payroll tax, in the social security earnings tax and in early and normal retirement ages. Welfare and budget consequences are estimated.     

美国区域合作的财税规则及其经验启示

随着区域经济一体化的发展和公共事务的增长,美国作为区域合作先发国家,已经形成较为成熟的财税规则,包括多元化财政融资、区域合作财税优惠、合作组织财政职能、财税收益分配补偿、财税争议纠纷处理等规则。我国可吸取美国的有益经验,逐步扩大地方税权,加强财税规则顶层设计;加大国家财政支持,构建多元化融资模式;搭建区域合作组织平台,负责资金运营与维护;实施区域合作税收优惠,进一步优化合作环境;合理平衡区际财税利益,构筑多元纠纷裁决机制。     

CORPORATE TAX AVOIDANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA

Tax avoidance can range from reduction of the corporate tax burden by legitimate use of tax rules to violation of tax laws. In this paper, we endeavor to synthesize the major findings of tax avoidance research from the accounting and finance literatures over the past ten years. We consider theoretical developments and the related empirical findings about the interconnected issues of measuring tax avoidance, and the possible causes and outcomes of corporate tax avoidance. We present some ideas for further research to examine underexplored topics regarding tax avoidance.     

INTERNATIONAL TAX COMPETITION AND DOUBLE TAXATION

This paper examines international tax competition, with respect to both corporate income tax rates and tax rules for double taxation. Unlike existing studies, this study assumes that governments set non-discriminatory tax rates on domestic- and foreign-sourced corporate income and can choose no tax allowance as the tax rule. Consequently, the Nash equilibrium outcomes contradict the intuition underlying previous studies: no tax allowance is chosen as the tax rule where world economic welfare can be maximized. A capital-exporting country gains whereas a capital-importing country loses, compared to the case where there is a tax allowance of any kind.     

Tax aggressiveness and idiosyncratic volatility

This study finds that aggressive tax strategies adopted by a firm affect idiosyncratic stock return volatility. Aggressive tax strategies, which I measure as tax paid by a firm divided by pretax income (adjusted for special items), are associated with higher levels of idiosyncratic stock volatility. Uncertainty associated with tax strategies may result due to several factors, such as penalties, fines, and additional tax payments if particular tax strategies are disallowed by taxation authorities, or if there are changes in tax rules. Such uncertainty affects the future cash flows of a firm and is reflected in more volatile stock returns. Financial constraints, corporate governance mechanisms, and information environments surrounding a firm influence the relation between idiosyncratic volatility and effective tax rates.     

我国企业所得税整合与应对国际税收竞争的策略探析

本文认为,随着经济全球化的发展,资本在国际间的流动日益频繁,各国利用税收手段吸引流动资本的竞争也日益加剧。我国经济整体开放程度的提高将使我国经济日益融入到世界经济体系之中,客观上要求我国的税收政策必须与国际惯例接轨。我国现行的差异性企业所得税税收制度背离了WTO所要求的公平竞争的基本原则。因此,应就如何整合内外资企业所得税制的问题进行探讨和研究,以完善我国企业所得税政策,提高国际竞争力。     

Property taxes and the timing of urban land development

This paper develops an optimal timing model which extends our understanding of the effects which property taxes have on the timing of land development. Comparative static effects of changes in property tax rates are investigated and policy rules are developed for the use of differential pre- and post-development tax rates to affect the timing of development. Changes in the property tax rate are found to be non-neutral with respect to the timing of development in most cases, accelerating or delaying development depending upon specific market conditions.     

高职税务会计实践教学改革的探究

随着国家税收法律制度的不断完善,在企业财务工作中,对于不仅能够进行会计业务处理,而且还精通税收法律法规的应用型、复合型税务会计人才是十分需要的,《税务会计》是纳税岗位业务的专门会计课程,要强化实践教学,培养学生的实际动手操作能力,提升学生工作技能以更好地适应社会需求。     

浅谈我国个人所得税存在的问题及改革建议

税收的主要职能与作用是筹集财政收入,调节收入分配和调控经济。其中,个人所得税是调节收入分配的重要手段,我国个人所得税政策实行以来,在这方面一直都发挥了积极的作用。但是随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展,个人所得税体制也需要改革。文章根据最新个税草案,对我国个人所得税存在的问题进行分析,并对充分发挥个税调节功能,缓解分配不公的矛盾提出改革建议。     

企业纳税筹划策略与方法分析

本文从纳税筹划的概念出发,对油田企业开展纳税筹划的意义进行重点分析,并在此基础之上对于油田企业的纳税筹划从策略和方法两个角度提出了相应的建议,并指出在纳税筹划开展之时需要注意成本、风险以及税法等三方面的问题。然后通过介绍油田企业所涉及的相关税种情况对油田企业涉及的税种、筹划的方法,以及筹划过程中需要注意的问题进行重点阐述。     

保险业税收制度相关问题探析

保险是一种市场化的风险转移机制,具有准公共产品性质。这一性质决定了保险税收制度应当兼顾总体税收政策取向和保险业发展的客观要求,充分发挥其对保险业宏观调控和政策导向功能,为保险业发展提供宽松的环境,支持保险业做大、做强。从这一观点出发,论述了我国现行保险业税收制度存在的主要问题,以及相关完善措施,对实践具有一定指导意义。     

The Impact of Thin‐Capitalization Rules on External Debt Usage – A Propensity Score Matching Approach

Thin‐capitalization rules (TCRs) aim at limiting the tax advantage of internal debt financing by restricting the tax deductibility of the corresponding interest expenses. This article examines how subsidiaries of multinational firms respond to a change in the German thin‐capitalization legislation. The empirical analysis not only demonstrates that the TCR effectively restricts internal debt financing, it also suggests that firms are able to avoid taxation of interest by substituting external for internal debt. The empirical approach applies propensity score matching techniques and exploits the German tax reform 2001 to solve endogeneity problems.     

加强企业税务管理的创新策略分析

企业税务管理是企业经营管理的一项重要内容,随着我国税收政策的明确以及企业竞争的趋势,加强企业的税务管理是企业发展的重点任务,加强企业税务管理应从税务管理的方法入手,分析现有管理存在的问题,制定合理的制度。本文研究了我国企业税务管理制度的现状,提出了加强企业税务管理的创新策略。     

Evaluation of a Renewable Energy Scenario in India For Economic and Co2 Mitigation Effects

Renewable energy technologies (RETs) are attractive for sustainable energy supply and CO₂ mitigation. In this paper, a CGE model is used to analyze the effects of rapid reduction of costs of solar power generation, an important RET, in India. Alternate scenarios of cost reduction of solar power, hybrid scenarios with a carbon tax and a scenario of only carbon tax are compared with a reference scenario. Simulation results show that under such a scenario, high penetration of solar technology, economic gains, and modest emission reduction are achieved. The analysis shows that compared to accelerated solar technology scenario, a carbon tax achieves superior mitigation. Broad policy implications for developing countries are drawn in the context of global climate change debate.     

税务会计研究论文的实证分析

从1994年至2002年发表的税务会计研究论文有180多篇,本文通过对其内容、作者、发表时间、作者单位、发表期刊等方面进行实证分析,试图发现我国税务会计研究的一些规律,以期对我国今后的税务会计研究得出一些有益的启示。     

多目标税务管理现代化综合评估体系设计

结合税务管理现代化内涵要求,界定了税务管理现代化的内容及其目标,基于3项准则和10个评估领域的分析,构建了源指标系统;通过对征管效能、服务水平和组织资源能力等税务管理现代化源指标的分析、筛选和定位,将税务管理现代化源指标系统细分为9个核心指标层和23个外围指标层,从税务管理现代化的实施绩效、实施技术和资源条件需求等方面构建了税务管理现代化的指标体系,为科学的评价和实施税务管理现代化提供依据和手段。