我国居民收入不平等的测算与分析

文章以我国居民个人收入为研究对象,测算了三种收入不平等指数,并按收入来源法对其进行了分解。研究表明:2009年我国居民收入的不平等程度是比较高的,且基尼系数城镇低于农村;从不平等指数的分解结果来看,工资收入扩大了总收入的不平等;退休金收入减小了居民收入不平等。     

关于基尼系数分解分析的讨论

本文通过几何分解的方法阐述了基尼系数在不同群体中进行分解的过程，并在此基础上对群体间基尼系数的应用和群体内基尼系数的进一步分解进行了讨论。说明由于交叉项的存在，基尼系数只能对不同收入群体进行有限的分解，对群体内基尼系数的进一步分解是极为勉强的。只有当各群体收入重叠程度较低时，方可对交叉项进行忽略，此时对群体内基尼系数的进一步分解才具有较清晰的经济含义。     

基于相对剥夺理论的基尼系数子群分解方法研究

度量收入差距最常用的统计指标是基尼系数,但是由于基尼系数在按群组分解时的问题使得应用中受到许多限制,因此本文把相对剥夺理论引入基尼系数的子群分解中,得到了一个新的基尼系数子群分解公式,分解公式使群内差距和群间差距具有相同的形式,而且不仅能够计算高收入子群对低收入子群的相对剥夺,还能计算低收入子群对高收入子群的相对剥夺。并利用天津市2008年城镇居民住户调查数据进行了实证分析。     

区位基尼系数的计算、性质及其应用

基于产业规模探索区位基尼系数的简化计算、区域分解和两位数产业分解,给出产业份额、区位商以及产业份额空间测度加权区位基尼系数的分解公式,提供相对边际效应和增量分解的计算公式。利用我国2004年、2008年的经济普查数据,计算国民经济19个字母产业的区位基尼系数,得出以产业份额计算的区位基尼系数更能反映产业聚集程度的结论,并使用产业份额区位基尼系数进行实证分析。     

中国城乡综合基尼系数测算的一种新改进

城乡综合基尼系数测算是在中国现有统计方式和数据可获得条件下的一个特殊问题,主要表现为如何在仅有城镇和农村各自的分组收入数据约束下更好地估算城乡综合基尼系数（或称城乡合一基尼系数、全国基尼系数）。针对包括城乡加权法和分层加权法等在内的子群分解法无法解决的城乡收入数据重叠难题,函数加总法通过城乡收入分布或密度函数加总形式予以化解,但既有的函数加总方法却又引发了对全国和组内最高收入的依赖问题。本文采取城乡间接洛伦兹曲线加总的形式规避了对两种最高收入的依赖,并以CHIPs2007数据为例对城乡综合基尼系数若干方法计算结果的有效性和稳健性进行了比较。此外,文章还在新改进方法的框架下进一步表达了基尼系数的城乡分解公式。     

基尼系数子群分解中剩余项的一个简洁解释

基尼系数子群分解的常规方法是将总体基尼系数分解为群内不平等、群间不平等和剩余项三个部分,其中关于剩余项的解释一直为学者们所关注.本文依据基尼系数的计算公式推导出了剩余项的表达式,非常简洁地说明了剩余项的涵义,即剩余项反映了子群聚类后每个收入的排序变化对基尼系数的影响.最后,利用简洁公式本文分析了我国农村居民人均收入在三大经济带之间的交错程度.     

城镇居民收入差距变动轨迹的总体特征及分解分析:1988～2008

本文使用全国数据分析了改革以来中国城镇居民收入差距的总体特征,并基于天津市典型调查数据,应用基尼系数分解方法研究了近20年来城镇居民收入差距的变动轨迹及其影响因素.针对基尼系数的收入构成分解研究显示,工资性收入的分布状况基本上决定了城镇居民收入差距的变动趋势,财产性收入和经营性收入的分配状况趋于相对均等化,转移性收入对总收入差距的平抑作用被大大削弱,社会保障体系在覆盖面扩大的同时可能存在识别和瞄准上的方向性偏误;而从人口特征角度进行的基尼系数分解研究则显示,居民行业差别、就业性质以及受教育程度成为影响城镇居民收入差距最重要的三大因素.     

修正城乡加权法及其应用--由农村和城镇基尼系数推算全国基尼系数

我国目前的居民收入分组数据是按照城镇居民和农村居民分别统计的，如何由农村和城镇居民收入分配基尼系数推算全国基尼系数，是一个重要的问题。本文考虑了城镇和农村居民收入的重叠，对“分组加权法”进行了修正，提出了“修正城乡加权法”，对我国居民收入分配基尼系数作出了实际推算。     

城市居民财产性收入与贫富差距的实证分析

利用1988～2009年国家统计局全国入户调查数据,本文研究了我国城市居民财产性收入的规模、组成、变化以及其对收入差距的贡献。采用基尼系数的分解方法,将每年的收入差距分解到各个收入成分的贡献,并发现与其他收入形式相比,财产性收入分布的基尼系数是最高的,对总收入差距的贡献也在迅速扩大,这一现象值得重视。本文还分别对东、中、西部地区进行了分析,发现财产性收入主要集中在东部地区。     

广西城镇居民收入结构与家庭总支出的回归分析

广西城镇居民收入按来源划分可分为工薪收入、经营净收入、财产性收入和转移性收入。利用2002—2013年广西城镇居民收入及家庭总支出的数据,以家庭总支出为因变量,工薪收入、经营净收入、财产性收入和转移性收入为自变量,建立逐步回归模型,探寻了广西城镇居民收入各部分对家庭总支出的影响规律,提出了相应的政策建议。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。