我国商业银行经济效率及影响因素分析

本文在取得银行投入品价格信息的基础上,利用DEA模型测度了我国9家商业银行(包括4大国有商业银行和5家股份制商业银行)1997-2001期间的经济效率;进而建立计量经济模型,从微观层面对影响我国商业银行经济效率的因素进行了回归分析,结果表明银行自由资本比例、贷款质量、人力资源质量和经营管理水平是影响银行经济效率的关键因素.     

银行业市场结构、效率和绩效的相关性研究--基于上海地区银行业的考察

文章利用上海市银行业1999～2003年的相关数据,对该市银行业的市场结构、综合效率和经营绩效及其相互关系进行了实证研究.研究表明,上海市银行业是一个中等集中度的市场结构类型.利用DEA技术测定的银行业效率的结果显示,上海四大国有商业银行的整体综合效率要好于股份制商业银行,且股份制上市银行的综合效率对非上市银行不具有比较优势.此外,研究发现决定商业银行绩效水平的市场力假说和效率结构假说在上海银行业中都不成立,但是银行业的规模效率对银行绩效水平具有积极的作用.     

我国商业银行 X-效率研究

从我国商业银行效率角度出发分析了我国商业银行的规模效率、范围效率和X-效率,表明我国商业银行总体效率不高。以2005～2013年的数据为例,并运用数据包络分析方法（DEA）对我国商业银行的X-效率进行实证分析,考察了其间的差异。通过多元回归论述了影响我国商业银行X-效率的因素主要有银行产权结构、金融创新、资产配置、资产质量、资本充足率、人力资源配置。提出深化产权制度改革、提高人力资源管理水平、降低不良贷款率、促进技术创新的建议。     

EARLY CORRECTIVE ACTION FOR TROUBLED BANKS

This paper presents data concerning the performance of the U.S. commercial bank supervisory system and identifies a number of needed improvements in areas including: (i) rules governing bank loss recognition, (ii) supervisory response to excessive loan concentrations and poor underwriting standards, (Hi) rules governing dividend payments by troubled banks, and (iv) the early closure or resolution of troubled banks.     

基于股权结构差异的银行经营效率研究——对13家上市商业银行数据的实证分析

本文运用CCR模型对我国上市商业银行的经营效率进行了评估,同时引入超效率模型,对所研究样本的经营效率进行深入分析和综合排序。通过对各商业银行经营效率按照股权性质和股权集中度进行分组,本文发现五大国有控股商业银行的整体经营效率远低于其他8家已经上市的全国性股份制商业银行,而且商业银行的股权集中度与银行效率呈现＂倒U型的关系＂。通过进一步对非DEA有效的商业银行的投入产出指标进行DEA相对有效面上的投影,发现固定资产净值未有效利用、员工人数过多以及存款总额利用效率不高,是制约这些上市商业银行非DEA有效的瓶颈。针对问题,本文从投入产出的角度提出若干提高DEA效率的对策措施。     

AFFECTING FACTORS ON RISK-ADJUSTED EFFICIENCY IN TAIWAN'S BANKING INDUSTRY

This study adopts a two-stage approach, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and tobit regression, to investigate the bank efficiency index and efficiency effect incorporated into account credit and market risk. The authors use the DEA method in the first stage to estimate bank cost efficiency, and the tobit regression model in the second stage to estimate efficiency effects. The empirical results are summarized as follows: First, results indicate that risk factors impact bank efficiency. Banks with a higher degree of nonperforming loans or value at risk will see efficiency decrease by incorporating account risk. Second, there is no significant difference with the bank efficiency index taking only credit risk or market risk into consideration, but there are significant differences on the bank efficiency index in situations without risk or with credit and/or market risks. Finally, the study notes that different bank efficiency indexes calculated according to different risks are affected by different factors. (JEL G1, G21 )     

国有商业银行与股份制商业银行生产效率的比较研究

本文采用基于投入的DEA方法 ,比较了加入WTO之前我国国有商业银行与股份制商业银行的生产效率。我们把存款当作产出 ,选取 1999年～ 2 0 0 1年十四家全国性商业银行为样本 ,计算出银行的技术效率 ,并将技术效率分解为纯技术效率和规模效率 ,确定银行的规模报酬变化。我们从银行的技术有效性、整体效率、技术无效性原因和规模报酬四个方面对国有和股份制商业银行进行了比较分析 ,研究国有商业银行与股份制商业银行之间的差距 ,并分析了原因。     

Corporate governance and efficiency in banking: evidence from emerging economies

ABSTRACT

This article investigates the impact of corporate governance on bank efficiency across a sample of 139 commercial banks from 17 countries of Central and Eastern Europe during the period 2005–2012. Data on governance characteristics are hand-collected from banks’ reports. The empirical findings indicate that implementing rigorous corporate governance structures is associated with higher costs for banks and a lower level of efficiency. However, during the crisis, a tight governance mechanism significantly increases banks’ cost and technical efficiencies. We also show that prudent risk management is associated with both higher cost and technical efficiency for more capitalized banks, while rigid supervisory boards are linked with greater technical efficiency for more capitalized banks.     

The analysis of Taiwanese bank efficiency: Incorporating both external environment risk and internal risk

This study adopts a three-stage approach to estimate bank efficiency based on information obtained from 29 banks in Taiwan for the period from 2002 to 2004. In the first stage we employ super SBM (super slacks-based measure) to estimate the scores relating bank efficiency including internal risk. In the second stage a stochastic frontier regression model is then employed to estimate the external environment risk effects. In the third stage we employ the DEA method again to estimate the scores relating bank efficiency including the internal risk and excluding the external risk.     

Technical efficiency in the Chinese banking sector

This paper applies an innovative DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model, the Inverse B-convex model, in order to investigate the technical efficiency of a representative sample of Chinese banks. The banks are ranked according to their efficiency over the period 1998-2008. The results paint a mixed picture of the Chinese banks' performance. The influence of firm size and ownership on bank efficiency is not observed. However, the study shows that overall efficiency improved over time, especially after the entry of China into the WTO. Policy implications are derived.     

我国商业银行效率分析——基于超效率DEA和Malmquist指数

效率是银行经营管理的核心,是银行竞争优势的集中体现,尤其在后危机时代,提高银行业的效率也是防范金融风险,实现可持续发展的关键。本文基于超效率DEA方法,运用EMS软件对2004—2009年14家商业银行的效率进行分析,对其均值进行排名;并通过Malmquist指数对银行效率进行分解研究,重点分析金融危机前后的商业银行全要素生产率的变化趋势。结果表明,效率水平总体呈现上升趋势,这与社会经济的发展是相一致的。而四大国有银行的效率不及股份制商业银行,可见,四大国有银行并没有因为资产规模大,而带来更高的收益和绩效;2004—2009年商业银行全要素生产率整体上不断提高,主要得益于技术进步和规模效益,但2009年全要素生产率有所下降,受美国金融危机全面升级所导致的国际国内经济发展衰退的影响,经营风险加大,息差收窄,对银行盈利和效率产生不利影响。     

中国商业银行整体效率研究* ——基于具有中间投入和中间产出的综合网络DEA模型

本文基于对银行业务结构和特征的分析，将银行看做具有中间投入和中间产出的串联两阶段网络生产结构。第一阶段为负债业务和中间业务，第二阶段为资产业务。基于这一网络结构，本文首先建立具有中间投入和中间产出的综合网络DEA模型，并证明在此模型下整体网络DEA有效等价于每个子阶段DEA有效，即此模型是打开黑箱的网络DEA模型，并定义网络决策单元的投影。本文以中国16家上市商业银行为样本，测算了2006-2010年各商业银行的整体效率、子阶段效率、关联指数和每家银行的投影。分析结果显示，大型国有商业银行在负债业务和中间业务阶段具有明显的竞争优势，股份制商业银行在资产业务阶段具有效率优势，城市商业银行的两阶段业务关联性最差。本文计算的投影，给出了银行提高整体效率的改进方向。     

Banking business models and risk: Findings from the ECB's comprehensive assessment

We use the results of the ECB's comprehensive assessment to evaluate the importance of the bank business model on risk assessment and the persuasive effectiveness of different supervisory styles on banks’ recapitalization. Our analysis reveals inconsistencies in the information content provided by the various regulatory measures used for assessing bank stability. Moreover, opposite to CET1 ratio, the leverage ratio provides assessments on business models more consistent with a market-based measure of bank risk exposure and Z-SCORE. Accounting for several control variables both at the bank and country level, we also find evidence that the effectiveness of the supervisory action depends on the specific type of supervisory model. In particular, countries adopting the hybrid model seem more effective in persuading banks to recapitalize preventively. Differently, countries adopting the integrated and the sectorial model seem less effective in their requests.     

同业业务发展能提升中国商业银行的效率吗*

本文采用Tobit面板模型，选取了2005—2013年中国16家上市商业银行为样本，研究同业业务发展对银行效率的影响。笔者通过随机前沿法（SFA）估计出银行的成本效率和盈利效率。从全样本的回归结果来看，银行发展同业业务对成本效率和盈利效率都有提升，但在不同时期和对不同类型的银行，影响效果存在差异。2005—2009年，无论是同业资产或同业负债业务对银行成本效率、盈利效率的提升作用都有限。2010年之后，同业负债对银行效率的提高有显著正向作用。不同规模的银行同业业务发展对效率的影响也不同。大型银行在2009年前后同业业务的发展对效率提升起到了较大的贡献作用。中小型商业银行在2005—2009年，无论是同业资产或同业负债业务都对银行成本效率、盈利效率提升作用有限。而在2010年之后，同业负债业务显著提高了银行的效率。     

中国商业银行规模、治理与风险承担的实证研究

基于2000-2010年中国13家商业银行的非平衡面板数据对中国商业银行规模、银行治理与风险承担关系进行的实证研究,结果表明银行规模与风险承担呈U形关系;银行治理水平与风险承担呈负向关系;大型商业银行治理引起的风险承担比股份制商业银行高。因此,必须适当限制商业银行的规模扩张,加强商业银行的安全网建设,加大对大型、系统重要性商业银行的监管力度,提高商业银行尤其是大型商业银行的治理水平。     

Supervision and cost efficiency in banking

This paper suggests a link between bank operating efficiency and federal supervisor. Since supervisory priorities can vary by the context in which the supervisor was conceived, resulting differences in supervisory policies and procedures may underlay differences in the operating efficiency of their supervised banks. The effect on bank operating expenses is estimated at the individual bank level for each of four size strata using a translog cost function, controlling for bank characteristics and the impact of scale and scope economies. Results generally support a conclusion that bank operating cost differences exist by supervisor, except in the largest size stratum.The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful comments and suggestions from Seungmook Choi, Cary Collins, Curt Hunter, Bradford D. Jordan, Richard H. Pettway, John D. Stowe, Larry Wall, and Jim Wansley, and others at the University of Missouri and Northern Illinois University.     

基于购买力平价的中国商业银行生产效率的国际比较

本文首次以购买力平价作为贷币换算系数,利用数据包络分析方法对我国商业银行与欧美发达国家的商业银行的生产效率进行了比较研究,精确计量了我国商业银行与发达国家商业银行的效率差距.研究结果证明:现阶段我国商业银行的生产效率平均只有欧美发达国家的最好的商业银行的四分之一,差距很大,存在着比较严重的投入过剩.     

我国商业银行市场结构和市场绩效的实证分析

运用DEA模型从市场结构和市场绩效两方面对我国商业银行进行检验分析,显示我国银行业的集中度、市场份额与绩效呈负相关关系,原因主要在于我国银行业市场结构较高的集中度不是市场自发作用的结果,大的银行规模并不意味着更高的利润回报。我国银行集中度和绩效之间不存在结构理论中所假设的因果关系,银行业市场结构对绩效的促进作用不明显。建立和完善我国银行业绩效考核体系时着重强调的应该是效率,而非银行规模和市场份额。     

X-Efficiency and Productivity Change in Australian Banking

This paper investigates X -efficiency and productivity change in Australian banking between 1995 and 1999 using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity indexes. It differs from earlier studies by examining efficiency by bank type, and finds that regional banks are less efficient than other bank types. The study concludes that diseconomies of scale set in very early and hence are not a sufficient basis on which to allow mergers between large banks to proceed. Total factor productivity in the banking sector was found to have increased by an average annual 7.6 per cent between 1995 and 1999. All of the productivity increase was due to technological advance shifting out the frontier. The banking sector's performance was less efficient relative to the frontier in 1999 than it had been in 1995.     

我国银行机构效率评价——基于DEA方法的实证研究

笔者应用DEA方法,对我国15家主要银行机构的整体生产效率、纯技术效率、规模效率进行研究。研究发现,2002年以来我国银行机构通过市场化的股份制改造,提升了核心竞争力,银行机构的整体效率提高,这在一定程度上反映了我国金融改革所取得的成绩。