外贸外资对我国地区工资差异的影响--基于动态面板模型的分析

本文使用1997-2008年我国(西藏除外)30个省、自治区和直辖市的面板数据,建立动态面板模型,分析外贸外资对我国地区工资差异的影响.实证结果表明,全国和东中西部地区工资均具有动态效应;全国和东部地区的外贸外资会对地区工资产生显著性影响;中部地区的外资会对地区工资产生显著性影响,而外资对该地区工资的影响不明显;西部地区的外贸外资投资对地区工资均没有产生显著性影响.长期外贸的发展可以降低全国和东部地区工资水平、提高中西部地区的工资水平.长期外资的发展可以提高全国和东中西部地区的工资水平.     

进口企业存在工资溢价吗?——基于倾向评分匹配估计的经验研究

本文利用2000²006年中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库相匹配的微观数据检验了进口企业是否存在工资溢价。运用倾向评分匹配方法的估计结果表明,在控制了影响企业工资水平的其他因素后,进口企业的工资水平高于非进口企业,进口工资溢价是显著存在的。这一结论在剔除异常样本点、考虑企业不同经济性质的情形下都是稳健的。本文也将企业按照所处的行业和区域进行分类,来检验进口工资溢价是否存在。从分行业的估计结果来看,进口对资本密集型行业企业工资水平的影响最大,其次是技术密集型行业,最后是劳动密集型行业。从分区域的估计结果来看,进口对东部地区企业工资水平的影响最大,其次是中部地区,最后是西部地区。     

农民工工资与大学生工资趋同的政治经济学分析

农民工工资高涨而大学生工资却一再低迷,两者逐渐趋同,部分地区甚至出现前者高于后者的现象。为什么会出现这样的现象？这样的情况合理吗？从政治经济学角度分析,当前农民工工资水平不应高于大学毕业生的工资水平,而现实中出现这一现象是在中国产业结构调整等因素共同影响下的阶段性的、局部的短暂现象。随着中国产业结构的完善这一情况必将改变。     

区域创新能力、技能聚集与地区工资差异关系——基于中国省域面板数据的分析

我国进入高质量发展阶段后，地区收入不平衡问题日益突出，首要问题是地区间工资水平差距。文章采用2011—2020年中国省级面板数据，运用固定效应模型，实证分析区域创新能力、技能集聚对地区工资差异的影响。     

工资——物价相互推进及其制动机理

对于中国工资、物价与劳动生产率三者关系的深入研究,引起了我们对中国现有体制下货币工资水平、物价水平链及其制动机理问题的浓厚兴趣,本文便是有关这个问题的研究结果。^①     

FDI对我国工资水平影响的实证分析

一、文献综述 外商直接投资进入某一地区,会对东道国生产要素报酬产生影响,进而影响一国的福利状况和经济状况,这已经取得了多数人的共识.FDI与工资水平的关系问题,尤其是FDI对东道国工资的影响,一直是国内外学者研究的热点.在工资水平对比的研究方面:Aitken、Harrison和Lipsey(1996)发现,科特迪瓦12个行业中的3个行业,外企的工资与国内企业有显著差异,外企工资与本国企业工资的变动范围是1.1到1.9.     

市场潜力、经济集聚与地区间工资差异

基于劳动力、产业在地区间分布的不平衡性以及地区间工资差异的事实,本文构建了一个市场潜力与工资的新经济地理学(NEG)理论模型。理论分析表明:市场潜力对工资产生正面影响。市场潜力对工资产生正面影响来自两种渠道:一是市场潜力引发了经济集聚效应;二是市场潜力产生了逆经济集聚。相比之下,市场潜力引发了经济集聚效应更能提高和扩大地区工资水平与差异,因为经济集聚需要更低的贸易成本、较大的市场规模以及较高的经济发展水平。     

资本深化与制造业部门劳动生产率的提升——基于工资上涨及政府投资的视角

资本深化是中国制造业劳动生产率提升的重要影响因素,本文从工资上涨及政府投资等角度分析转型期的资本深化,并进一步分析不同力量引致的资本深化对制造业劳动生产率的影响。借助不同时间段制造业行业面板数据的对比分析得出,政府投资主导的资本深化的作用显著大于工资上涨的作用,随着中国工资水平的提高,工资上涨引致的资本深化对劳动生产率的影响开始发挥作用,而政府投资引致的资本深化对劳动生产率的作用显著但呈下降趋势。此外,技术进步及行业规模报酬递增效应整体上显著促进了劳动生产率的提高,但各行业之间存在显著差异。     

外商直接投资对我国工资水平的影响分析

外商直接投资对不同地区和行业的工资水平影响是不同的。本文以劳动密集型行业和资本技术密集型行业为研究对象,对典型行业建立计量模型分别研究了外商直接投资对这两类行业工资水平的影响。结果表明,由于两类行业中劳动力层次不同和外商直接投资在我国的地区分布差异的影响,使得外商投资对工资的影响在不同行业其影响机制亦不同,而且外商直接投资对工资水平的影响受东道国劳动力市场及外商直接投资量的影响。     

外国直接投资的“工资溢出”效应研究

从相对要素禀赋的角度,来系统解析外国直接投资对我国地区工资水平的影响。实证结果表明,流入的外国直接投资存在着显著“工资溢出”效应,此效应在东部地区比在中、西部地区明显,但外国直接投资不是推动劳动力工资提高的最主要因素。政府在发展教育、加大固定资产投资和吸引外资等方面的政策对于大幅提升各地区的工资收入水平具有重大影响。     

Wage Inequality and Returns to Education in Turkey: A Quantile Regression Analysis

This paper investigates the male wage inequality and its evolution over the 1994–2002 period in Turkey by estimating Mincerian wage equations using ordinary least squares and quantile regression techniques. Male wage inequality is high in Turkey. While it declined at the lower end of the wage distribution it increased at the top end of wage distribution. Education contributed to higher wage inequality through both within and between dimensions. The within‐groups inequality increased and between‐groups inequality decreased over the study period. The latter factor may have dominated the former contributing to the observed decline in the male wage inequality over the 1994–2002. Further results are provided for the wage effects of experience, public sector employment, geographic location, firm size, industry of employment and their contribution to wage inequality. Recent increases in foreign direct investiment inflows, openness to trade and global technological developments are discussed as contributing factors to the recent rising within‐groups wage inequality.     

International knowledge spillovers and wage inequality in developing countries

In this paper, international knowledge spillovers are incorporated in a horizontal innovation model, designed to explain the observed uncertain effects that openness of trade can have on wage inequality in small developing countries. Openness of trade can produce two different effects: an increase in the relative price of less-skilled labor-intensive products and a wider skill discrepancy due to knowledge spillovers from the more to less developed country. The former triggers a fall in the wage premium, while the latter widens the wage premium gap in a developing country. These two opposing forces explain the observed uncertain effects of openness to trade on wage inequality in developing countries.     

The Manufacturing Wage Inequality in Latin America and East Asia: Openness, Technology Transfer, and Labor Supply

This paper examines wage inequality in the manufacturing sector for a panel of Latin American and East Asian economies during the last three decades. A labor supply and demand model is presented where three main determinants of wage inequality are investigated: trade openness, technology transfer, and labor supply. Findings indicate that wage inequality in the two regions has responded differently to the various determinants enumerated above. Some lessons from the comparative experience of the two regions are drawn.     

EARNJNGS INEQUALITY IN PORTUGAL: HIGH AND RISING?

The level of earnings inequality and its change during the 1980s in Portugal are analyzed, relying on several inequality measures and on international comparisons to generate insight into their patterns. A high level of inequality at the beginning of the eighties is detected, together with a pronounced rise in wage dispersion, brought about by growing inequality at the top. Changes taking place within economic activities, possibly technical progress, are the main forces driving these changes in the wage pattern, while demographic forces, as well as international trade, which could have generated shifts in the demand for labor across economic activities, should be dismissed as explanations for the rise in labor market inequality in Portugal from 1983 to 1992.     

Effects of North–South trade on wage inequality and on human-capital accumulation

This paper develops an endogenous growth model with technological knowledge directed towards high- versus low-skilled labour, augmented with North–South international trade of intermediate goods and with human-capital accumulation, to analyse how trade affects wage inequality and the inter-country human-capital gap. Trade is a vehicle for inter-country technological-knowledge diffusion and human-capital accumulation interacts with the intra-country direction of technological knowledge arising from trade. In contrast with the market-size effect, stressed in the skill-biased technological change literature, the operation of the price channel following openness to trade predicts, in line with the recent trends in developed and developing countries, an increasing technological-knowledge bias towards high-skilled human capital. This, in turn, decreases inter-country gaps of technological knowledge and human capital and increases intra-country wage inequality. Also in line with recent empirical evidence, inter-country wage convergence is induced by the trade-opening level effect.     

风险投资与创新:激励、抑制还是中性?——来自中国省级面板的经验证据

构建了中国省域的创新投入产出经验模型,采用面板数据方法,实证分析了2006～2008年我国27个省市的风险投资、研发、经济发展水平、工资水平、教育水平和开放度对区域创新产出的影响。实证结果表明,无论是仅仅考虑研发和风险投资的简单模型,还是在控制了研发、经济发展水平、工资水平、开放度、教育水平变量后的扩展模型,风险投资对创新均具有明显的促进作用。     

Trade,Skill Biased Technical Change and Wage Inequality in South Africa

Trade openness influences the wage structure via technology adoption in middle income countries. Given the econometric challenges of handling endogenous trade and technology interaction, we offer an alternative quantification based on calibration of a general equilibrium model. We expand the standard open economy Ramsey model to include comparative advantage, technology adoption and skill bias influenced by investment decisions. The calibration constructs a reference path for South Africa and allows counterfactual analysis of trade openness. The quantitative results imply that trade effects via technology adoption and skill bias can be an important determinant of wage inequality in middle income countries.     

Inequality,unemployment, and endogenous growth in a political economy with a minimum wage

This paper presents development of an endogenous growth model with heterogeneous households and political determination of the minimum wage. We investigate the interaction of inequality, unemployment, and economic growth. First, the arguments in this paper show that a positive correlation exists between inequality and unemployment, Second, the interaction between inequality and economic growth is shown to be a positive relation if high inequality pertains in a society. It is a negative relation if low inequality pertains.      

Earning functions in Portugal 1982–1994: Evidence from quantile regressions

This paper uses quantile regressions to describe the conditional wage distribution in Portugal and its evolution over the 1980s as well as the implications for increased wage inequality. We find that, although returns to schooling are positive at all quantiles, education is relatively more valued for highly paid jobs. Consequently, schooling has a positive impact on wage inequality. Moreover, this tendency has sharpened over the period. We also find that most of the estimated change in wage inequality was due to changes in the distribution of the worker's attributes, rather than to increased inequality within a particular type of worker. this version: January 2000     

INEQUALITY OF WAGE RATES,EARNINGS AND FAMILY INCOME IN THE UNITED STATES, 1975–2002

This paper analyzes distributional changes over the last quarter of the twentieth century. We focus on four distinct distributions: the distribution of hourly wage rates, the distribution of annual earnings of individuals, the distribution of annual earnings of families, and the distribution of total family income adjusted for family size. Both male wage rate inequality and family income inequality accelerated during the early 1980s, increased at a slower rate through the early 1990s and then stabilized at a high level through the early 2000s. The similarity in the timing of changes in these two distributions has been used as evidence that increased family income inequality primarily reflects increased inequality of wage rates. We show that other important factors were also at work.