The effects of knowledge interaction for business innovation

The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of knowledge interaction on different types of business innovation. We first identified three indicators that reflect on the quality of the interaction between customers and technological knowledge, and then classified business innovations as product innovation, problem-solving innovation, or general innovation capability. Hypotheses about the impact of different qualities of knowledge interaction on business innovations were tested by collecting data from 178 high-technology firms in Taiwan. The results revealed that product innovation requires both wide-ranging and deep interaction between customers and technological knowledge, that problem-solving innovation requires either wide-ranging or deeper interaction between customers and technological knowledge, and that wide-ranging knowledge interaction is the most important driver for building general innovation capability. The research results enhance our understanding of knowledge interaction, with a special focus on the content and quality of the knowledge interactions within an enterprise. It also helps business managers in allocating resources and facilitating interorganizational communications for different situations related to innovation.     

Incentive pay for non-executive directors: The direct and interaction effects on firm performance

To improve corporate governance and firm performance, institutional investors and influential activists in the US recommend the use of incentive pay for non-executive directors. Policy makers in the UK and Australia, however, recommend against it. Motivated by stark contrast in the recommendations from these Anglo-Saxon countries, this paper investigates the impacts of incentive pay for non-executive directors on firm performance. The findings based on data from 178 listed Australian companies support both recommendations. Firm performance tends to be better when no incentive or high-power incentives are offered to non-executive directors than when low-power incentives are offered. This paper also investigates how incentive pay interacts with monitoring by large shareholders and debtholders to influence firm performance. This paper shows that large shareholder monitoring interacts negatively while debtholder monitoring interacts positively with incentive pay for non-executive directors to affect firm performance. Overall, the findings suggest that governance mechanisms recommended by agency theorists such as performance-contingent pay and monitoring can backfire if they are not designed properly. Both the direct and interaction effects should be considered when practitioners design corporate governance systems.     

石油仪器制造企业的MRP管理创新探讨

介绍了MRP创新型现代科学管理方法，并将其在石油仪器制造企业中进行了应用实例研究，以期达到解决石油仪器制造企业目前物料需求计划问题的目标。     

Direct and interaction effects of top management team and board compositions on R&D investment strategy

This paper examines why firms differ in levels of R&D investment intensity by developing and testing a theory of direct and interaction effects of top management team and board outsider composition on R&D intensity. The theory is tested in a longitudinal sample of technology‐intensive firms that completed an initial public offering. The results indicate that both top management team composition and board composition have direct and additive effects on R&D investment intensity. Also, monitoring by outsider directors does not constitute a universally effective governance mechanism with regard to a firm's R&D investment strategy. Firms opt for lower levels of R&D investment intensity when their outsider‐rich board interacts with a team of managers who have high levels of (1) firm tenure, (2) shared team‐specific experience, or (3) functional heterogeneity. When a firm's competitiveness relies on sustained R&D investments, it is important to note these interaction effects and make adjustments to promote a healthy dialogue between managers and the board. Adjustments could be made to the management team composition (e.g., initiating management turnover to reduce firm tenure) or to the bundle of governance mechanisms (e.g., partially substituting board monitoring with other mechanisms). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

政策执行力研究综述

政策执行力研究是中国当前公共管理领域内的一个重要课题,主要从政策执行力的内涵、构成要素、实践等3个方面对近年来以政策执行力为主题的相关研究作了梳理和总结,并在此基础上指出其不足以及对中国的启示。     

浅谈质量目标管理的实施

质量目标是ISO9000:2000标准中对组织从质量管理体系策划、产品实现过程控制到管理评审贯穿始终的一项要求,是搞好质量管理体系运行的纲;阐释了质量方针和质量目标的文件形式;从5个方面介绍了制定质量目标应遵循的原则。     

落实水利标准化工作情况汇报

南京水利科学研究院是面向国内外的综合性水利科学研究机构，从事基础理论、应用基础和技术开发研究，承担水科学领域中具有全局性、方向性、关键性和综合性的重大项目科学研究，以及软科学和宏观决策方面的研究任务，并兼作水利部大坝安全管理中心、水利部基本建设工程质量检测中心和水利部南京计量检定中心、水利部南京水科学培训中心，承担有关管理、质检和培训任务。建院67年来为我国水利科学研究作出了重大贡献，在我国近代水科学发展史上具有特殊重要的地位。1984年科技体制改革以来，我院科研等各项事业更是迅速发展，成果丰硕。2001年科技部启动非营利性社会公益科研机构的改革，我院成为第一批改革试点机构之一。2001年6月，原水利部南京水文水资源研究所成建制并入我院，2002年1月，水利部农村电气化研究所划归我院管理，改革的深化进一步壮大了我院的科研力量，拓展了研究领域，科研事业有了新的飞跃。     

论<招标投标法>的贯彻与实施

《中华人民共和国招标投标法》经第九届全国人民代表大会第十一次会议通过,2000年1月1日正式实施。这是一部我国用来规范招标投标活动、调整在招标投标过程中产生的各种关系的基本法,一切有关招标投标的法规、规章和规范性文件都必须与《招标投标法》相一致。这部法律对立法的目的、适用的范围、强制招标范围、招标投标活动应遵循的基本原则,以及对招标投标活动的监督、处罚条例等均作了规定。这对于规范招标投标行为、建立有序的竞争市场、保护国家利益社会公共利益和招标投标活动当事人的合法权益、提高经济效益、保证工程质量、防腐倡…     

Estimating the effects of agri-environmental measures using difference-in-difference coarsened exact matching

This paper studies the effect of agri-environmental measures (AEMs) in improving greener farming practices. We focus on the quantification of the effectiveness of AEMs implemented in the Rural Development Programme of the Lombardy Region, during the 2007–2013 programming period. Our work attempts to address the well-known potential failures of these kinds of policy instruments – such as adverse selection effects – by relying on an innovative matching procedure, the coarsened exact matching (CEM). This methodology presents a number of interesting properties that are worth considering in policy-evaluation analyses. Our empirical analysis focuses on three AEM schemes protecting and enhancing the environment, Crops diversification, Grassland maintenance and Organic farming. Overall, our results suggest that AEMs were apparently effective in improving the farms’ environmental performances. However, our preliminary cost-benefit analysis highlights that the costs of implementing this policy, when compared to the additional results obtained, tend to be quite large.     

Employment Institutions under Liberalization Pressures: Analysing the Effects of Regulatory Change on Collective Bargaining in Spain

This article discusses the effects of regulatory change in employees’ working conditions and the dynamics of collective bargaining in Spain, a model affected by a drastic regulatory change, and draws a comparison with the UK, the more deregulated and single‐employer bargaining model in Europe. The comparison is carried out using EU‐SILC panel data to identify commonalities and differences in the patterns of change in salaries and working hours. Second, national data from Spain are used to analyse the impacts of reforms on the characteristics and outputs of collective bargaining. The findings show that regulatory changes provoked a drastic adjustment in wages in Spain, following patterns similar to the British model. However, the results lead us to highlight the need to enhance knowledge about the dynamics of bargaining processes as they crucially reveal that these trends are happening in mostly unchanged institutional characteristics.     

深圳电网实施电力需求侧管理（DSM的若干建议

介绍了世界各国 DSM 的发展经验,包括技术措施、市场实施以及相关的政策机制,结合深圳电网的运行特点,对深圳 DSM 规划的开展提出了若干建议。     

一种新型的原生XML数据库系统的实现和应用探讨

原生XML数据库是随着XML语言的迅速发展而产生的一种非关系型数据库系统。介绍了一种基于Java技术的原生XML数据库实验系统SoapStore,并对其性能优化和实际应用等方面进行了分析和讨论。     

我院的贯标工作及体会

介绍了东北勘测设计研究院自1996年开始贯标工作以来的做法,特别是就建立内审和管理评审机制、不断完善质量体系文件等方面进行了重点阐述,并结合贯标的效果总结了体会.     

A note on the implementation of cable TV rate caps

In devising rate caps under the 1992 Cable Act, the FCC measured the effects of market power in cable TV by comparing overbuild franchise areas (served by more than one cable operator) with monopoly areas. This paper draws attention to, and corrects, several shortcomings in the FCC's analysis. We conclude that the overbuilds' rates are, on average, 12 percent lower than monopoly rates (and not 16 percent as estimated by the FCC, a difference of approximately $700 million in terms of annual cable revenues). Furthermore, overbuild operators offer better service quality than monopoly systems; the average overbuild offers upto 34 percent more non-broadcast channels.     

基于AOP的图书馆管理系统的设计与实现

面向方面编程用来解决横切关注点的模块化问题,可以避免产生代码混乱和代码分散的问题。使用面向方面编程开发了图书馆管理系统,并展示了面向方面编程在开发管理系统方面优于面向对象编程。     

20世纪以来中国女尚男装现象分析

本文论述了20世纪以来不同年代中国女尚男装的现象,指出服饰变迁反映着各个时代不同的生活色彩。女性以男子的形象参与到政治、军事、教育、民族革命等社会领域,展示了女性的能力,实现了女性的理想,体现了女性追求自我解放、男女平等及个性自由的自我意识。     

基于WAP的学生信息查询系统的设计与实现

对WAP编程原理及其关键实现技术作了详细介绍,包括WAP服务器的配置、WAP的基础语言WML及其开发方式,并对基于WAP学生查询系统进行了详细设计,给出了程序实现的核心源代码。     

Cross-cultural influences on the buyer-seller interaction/negotiation process

Even though the buyer-seller interaction/negotiation process is receiving increasing attention from the marketing scholars (Capon & Hulbert, 1976; O'Shaughnessy, 1972; Sheth, 1976; Wilson, 1976; Woodside, Bennett & Sheth, 1977), there is virtually nothing in the literature on the influence of the cross-cultural and cross-national settings in which negotiations take place. Yet, we must reckon with the cross-cultural influences on the buyer-seller interaction/negotiation process simply because a vast number of marketing transactions transcend national and cultural boundaries. In other words, multinational and transnational marketing has emerged as a way of life and transactions between buyers of one country/culture and sellers of another country/culture are commonplace. The purposes of this paper are, therefore, to discuss the cross-cultural influences on the buyer-seller interaction process and to provide a conceptual framework which may become useful for empirical research.