《首次采纳国际财务报告准则》简介

2003年6月19日,国际会计准则理事会(IASB)发布了第1号国际财务报告准则《首次采纳国际财务报告准则》(IFRS1)。IFRS1规定了企业在首次采纳国际财务报告准则作为编制其一般目的财务报告的基础时应当遵循的程序。IFRS1对自2004年1月1日或以后日期开始的报告期间,首次按照国际财务报告准则编制财务报告有效。 IFRS1的适用主体国际财务报告准则的首次采纳者指第一次明确且无保留的表示其通用目的财务报告将遵循国际财务报告准则的企业。如果企业在前一年度为内部管理需要已经按照国际财务报告准则编制了财务报告,而…     

欧洲非上市企业采用国际财务报告准则的研究与启示——基于英国和德国的实证分析

非上市企业的国际财务报告准则应用模式是目前国际会计的研究热点,也是各国会计准则制定者关注的焦点。本文以英国和德国非上市企业为样本,研究当欧洲全部上市公司强制使用国际财务报告准则的情境下,非上市企业是否会增加国际财务报告准则应用的期望。研究发现,企业规模、资本结构、组织形式、盈利能力和本土会计准则质量显著影响其会计准则选择的倾向性,企业特征影响因素存在国家差异,但处于不同国家并不会加剧或减弱某一企业特征的影响程度。由于欧洲国家对国际财务报告准则发展方向具有影响作用,本研究所得结果对国际财务报告准则未来在非上市企业层面进一步应用提供方向性支持。     

财务报告质量、债务期限结构与企业投资效率的相关性研究——以我国上市公司为例

以上海证券交易所2007-2011年的A股公司作为研究样本,剖析我国A股上市公司财务报告质量、债务期限结构与公司投资效率三者的相关性,并提出理论假设。通过对样本的实证分析并对假设进行验证,结果显示:投资效率与财务报告质量正相关,并且更能有效缓解上市公司的过度投资行为;投资效率与短期债务比率呈正相关,能够有效抑制过度投资与投资不足;短期负债比率能够加强财务报告质量对企业投资不足程度的负相关关系,从而加强对企业投资效率的正相关关系。     

《国际财务报告准则第9号-金融工具》下的公允价值评估

一、引言由国际会计准则理事会(IASB)编写发布的《国际财务报告准则》(IFRS)一直以来都是世界各国公司理解和比较财务信息的重要指导工具。近年来,《国际财务报告准则》也几经修订更新,对大部分企业来说,如何正确地应对新准则实施带来的改变,是公司健康发展的必修课。正因如此,自2018年1月1日或以后日期开始的年度期间生效的《国际财务报告准则第9号—金融工具》(IFRS 9)也成为了近期业内人士关注的焦点。此次新准则的推行,对评估带来哪些影响?本文从国际财务报告准则出发,分析由新准则实施带来的估值难点,并分享关于此类别估值案例的一些看法。     

IFRS的发展对我国企业财务会计报告的主要影响

在全球范围内制定和实施单一且高质量的会计标准是经济全球化的必然要求.在竞争性、全球化的资本市场条件下,财务报告的重要性更加突出,也更加成为各方关注的焦点.本文从IFRS的披露水平要求提高我国企业会计报表的透明度;其发展水平要求提高财务报告的可比性;其质量水平要求提高财务报告编制和分析的有效性三个方面分析了IFRS的发展给我国企业财务会计报告带来的主要影响     

短讯六则

10月21日,澳大利亚证券暨投资委员会、财务报告委员会呼吁所有的公司董事会和管理当局采取积极的行动,为在2005年开始采用澳大利亚会计准则做好准备。即将实施的澳大利亚会计准则是以国际财务报告准则(IFRS)为基础制定的,在许多方面将与国际财务报告准则保持一致。为此,澳大利亚证券暨投资委员会副主席Jeffrey Lucy先生、财务报告委员会主席Charles Macek先生联名致信所有上市公司的董事会主席和200家最大的私营公司企业主,提醒他们关注财务报告编制方面的变化。 (方诚 编译)澳大利亚有关团体呼吁为采用以IFRS为…     

政府控制、公司特征与网络财务报告系统质量研究——基于公司网站数据的分析

"互联网+"国家发展战略为企业利用网络技术改善管理带来了机遇和挑战,而公司网站是上市公司"互联网+"应用的最直接渠道。本文以截止到2014年12月31日上交所全部上市公司为样本,以样本公司网站为对象,对我国上市公司网络财务报告系统质量及影响它的因素进行了实证分析。研究发现,产权性质对公司网络财务报告系统质量具有一定影响,与政府控制企业相比,非政府控制企业的网络财务报告系统质量更差。公司盈利能力有助于提高公司的网络财务报告系统质量,债务资本比重、公司发展能力、公司资产管理能力与公司网络财务报告系统质量呈负相关关系,公司规模越大、上市时间越短网络财务报告系统质量越高,而管理层是否持股和管理层年龄对提高网络财务报告系统质量没有显著作用。     

2011年上市公司财务重述与内部控制关系研究

以2011年的A股上市主板市场公司为样本,从公司治理角度研究财务重述与内部控制的关系。研究表明,财务报告重述与内部控制质量呈现负相关关系,不同类型的财务报告与内部控制质量的关系没有明显的差别。同时内部控制的重点在控制活动更容易抑制异常财务报告重述。     

投资者是否已从中国IFRS趋同中受益?

这份文件总结了2013年ACCA针对中国IFRS趋同进行的研究报告结果。ACCA在2011年年末委托进行了此项调研,并将其作为考察国际财务报告准则(IFRS)对全球经济影响的一个大型项目的一部分。这份调研报告是ACCA就相关专题公布的一系列研究报告之一,整个系列报告对全球标准给予充分的肯定:     

国际

加拿大确认2011年起采用IFRS近日,加拿大会计准则委员会(CASB)确认,盈利性公众公司将从2011年起开始执行国际财务报告准则(IFRS),以替代原先执行的加拿大公认会计原则(Canadian GAAP)。正式转换期为2011年1月1日及之后开始的财年,从该财年开始,财务报告的编制将遵从IFRS。     

Adoption of IFRS in Spain: Effect on the comparability and relevance of financial reporting

EU Regulation 1606/2002 requires application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by groups listed on European stock markets. In Spain, listed groups are now obliged to prepare consolidated financial information under IFRS, and legislative changes to bring local rules into line with international standards have been tabled.In this context, the potential impact of IFRS is fraught with uncertainty. Our study of IBEX-35 companies focuses on the effects of the new standards on comparability and the relevance of financial reporting in Spain. We address these objectives by seeking significant differences between accounting figures and financial ratios under the two sets of standards (i.e. Spanish accounting standards and IFRS).The results obtained show that local comparability has worsened. The study reveals that local comparability is adversely affected if both IFRS and local accounting standards are applied in the same country at the same time. Reforms to bring local rules into line with international standards are therefore urgent. We also find that there has been no improvement in the relevance of financial reporting to local stock market operators because the gap between book and market values is wider when IFRS are applied. While there has been no gain in terms of the usefulness of financial reporting in the short-term, improved usefulness may be achieved in the medium to long-term.     

The value-relevance of adopting IFRS: Evidence from 145 NGAAP restatements

Firms listed on stock exchanges within the European Economic Area are required to report consolidated financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) since 2005. The firms that adopted IFRS in 2005 were also required to restate their 2004 financial statements from national GAAP to provide comparable accounting figures. These two sets of financial statements for 2004 are thus based on identical underlying economic activities and are fully specified according to two different reporting regimes. Our sample consists of 145 restatements from Norwegian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (NGAAP) to IFRS for firms listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in Norway. We test whether the IFRS accounting figures correlate more strongly with stock market values than the corresponding NGAAP figures. We find little evidence of increased value-relevance after adopting IFRS when comparing and evaluating the two regimes unconditionally. On the other hand, when evaluating the change in the accounting figures from NGAAP to IFRS, we find evidence that the reconcilement adjustments to IFRS are marginally value-relevant due to increased relevance of the balance sheet and the normalized net operating income. By weighting our sample by firm size, intangible asset intensity and profitability, we learn that the increased value-relevance of the net operating income stems from different reporting of intangible assets. Since more intangible assets are capitalized according to IFRS than NGAAP, our finding is consistent with the view that capitalizing intangible assets is more value-relevant than expensing them as incurred or through goodwill amortization.     

The Impact of IAS/IFRS on Polish Accounting Regulations and their Practical Implementation in Poland

Abstract

In the face of the globalization process that we have witnessed over recent years, the European Union (EU) decided that it is crucial to improve the competitiveness of Europe and the development of financial services and capital markets through enforcement of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as a basis of financial reporting of listed companies. Poland as a member of the EU was obliged to incorporate International Accounting Standards (IAS)/IFRS in national accounting regulations. Our paper discusses this issue. We also present the impact of IAS/IFRS implementation by Polish companies on their financial statements, particularly the impact on income and equity (capital). The presentation is the result of the review and analysis of 255 financial reports (including 171 consolidated) of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.     

Auditors' Affirmations of Compliance with IFRS around the World: An Exploratory Study*

It is widely believed that international financial reporting standards (IFRS) have been adopted in many countries, at least for the consolidated reporting of listed companies. However, in nearly all cases, what the rules require is some national or supranational version of IFRS. This might create problems for investor confidence and comparability. We examine what companies and auditors report concerning compliance with IFRS, focusing on the first full year of IFRS reporting by companies in the stock market indices of four major European countries and Australia. We find that, even when companies were complying with IFRS, they were generally not saying so, which seems to miss part of the point of the 35‐year project on international harmonization. In a small number of cases, auditors provided dual reports: on full IFRS in addition to the mandated reference to national GAAP where the latter corresponds with full IFRS. These cases were found only in Germany and the United Kingdom, and mainly related to companies that filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as foreign private issuers. We propose explanations for the general lack of dual reports and for the exceptions. We call for widespread adoption of dual reporting where a plain report on IFRS is not yet possible.     

Accounting Policies in the Extractive Industry: A Global and a Turkish Perspective

This paper investigates the influence of accounting standards on financial reporting for companies in the extractive industry. In Turkey, listed firms have prepared their financial reports according to the International Accounting Standards and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) since 2005, as has the European Union. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of compliance with IFRS 6, comparing global and Turkish extractive entities. We find that the entities reporting in accordance with IFRS 6 in Turkey are more likely to fail to declare their accounting policies, whereas global companies are more likely to be compliant with IFRS 6.     

Implications of the mandatory transition from national GAAP to IFRS — Empirical evidence from Germany

This paper analyses the differences between German GAAP and IFRS by quantifying the effects of the first-time adoption of IFRS of German companies in their reporting practices. Due to the IAS Regulation EC No.1606/2002, all publicly traded European companies (including those in Germany) are required to prepare their consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS for accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2005. This paper measures the effect of the transition from German GAAP to IFRS by using indices of comparability that were developed by Gray (1980). Therefore, the impact on equity and net income is quantified by examining the reconciliations of 103 German companies which had to adopt IFRS for their consolidated financial statements in 2005. On average a significant increase in stockholders' equity and in net income could be observed. The increase in stockholders' equity is primarily due to the adoption of IAS 11, IAS 16, IAS 37, IAS 38 and IFRS 3. Concerning net income, the increase especially results from the adoption of IFRS 3.     

Has Adoption of IFRS Increased Non–North American Institutional Investment in the Canadian Stock Markets?

We investigate whether non–North American (non‐NA) institutional investment in firms listed on the Canadian stock markets increased between the pre‐ and post‐IFRS adoption periods relative to such investment in firms listed on the U.S. stock markets. Prior to IFRS adoption, Canada had high‐quality financial reporting standards that were similar to the U.S. standards. As consequences of IFRS adoption, Canadian financial statements became more comparable with European and other IFRS country financial statements and less comparable with neighboring U.S. financial statements. Thus, a question of interest is whether the enhanced comparability with non‐NA companies was beneficial in terms of attracting non‐NA investment to Canadian companies versus U.S. companies. We find that there was no significant change in non‐NA institutional investment in Canadian firms relative to U.S. firms for the very largest (fifth quintile) and for smaller (first, second, and third quintiles) Canadian companies. However, intermediate‐sized Canadian companies in the fourth size quintile lost non‐NA institutional investment relative to their U.S. peer companies, suggesting that non‐NA investors cared more about comparability with U.S. peer companies than non‐NA peer companies for companies in this size quintile.     

Intangible assets and value relevance: Evidence from the Portuguese stock exchange

We assess the value relevance of the amounts for identifiable intangible assets and goodwill reported in the financial statements of all non-finance companies listed on the main market of the Portuguese Stock Exchange from 1998 to 2008. Additionally, we use panel data to explore the impact on value relevance of Portugal’s formal adoption of International Accounting Standards [IAS] and International Financial Reporting Standards [IFRS] in 2005. A distinctive feature of the accounting by our sample companies is that when they adopted IAS 38 and IFRS 3 in 2005, they were no longer required to recognise some intangible assets (such as start-up costs and research expenditures) and were no longer required to amortise goodwill.We find that net earnings, reported goodwill and other intangible assets are highly significantly associated with stock price. However, whereas earnings are related positively to stock prices when Portuguese Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) were applied prior to 2005, the value relevance of earnings appears to have declined after the adoption of IAS/IFRS in 2005. Although the change to IAS/IFRS had no impact on the value relevance of identifiable intangibles as a whole, the evidence suggests that there was a positive effect on the value relevance of goodwill. When the subclasses of identifiable intangible assets are considered, we found evidence of an increase in value relevance of goodwill, other intangible assets, and research and development expenditures.     

Monitoring Compliance with IFRS: Some Insights from the French Regulatory System

European Union Regulation 1606/2002 is aimed at improving the quality of financial reporting and developing a single capital market in Europe. Nevertheless, these goals cannot necessarily be achieved solely by making a requirement for EU companies to use International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and the EU has sought to create a mechanism to oversee the appropriate application of these standards. In this paper, we describe and comment on the methods used by the French stock exchange regulator, the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF), for monitoring compliance with the national reporting rules as this bears upon the issue of enforcement of IFRS in Europe as from 2005. The AMF has been chosen in our study because of its extensive experience with the review of financial statements of listed companies. Our paper draws on qualitative interviews with people involved directly in scrutinizing financial information at the AMF as well as on the experience gained from attachment to the AMF's Accounting Division. While there is recent research that addresses the issues on enforcement of accounting standards, there is still a lack of studies which discuss the relevance and effectiveness of the methods used to monitor compliance with accounting standards. Our paper may be of interest to different groups of participants including regulatory oversight bodies, auditors, producers and users of financial information in the capital markets.     

Evolving Connections Between Tax and Financial Reporting in Italy

We analyze the evolution of the relationship between tax and financial reporting in Italy after the mandatory introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in 2005. Italy represents an interesting case study among European countries, with domestic generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) oriented towards creditor protection and characterized by a close connection of financial and tax accounting. Unusually, the adoption of IFRS is compulsory for the unconsolidated financial statements of listed companies, but the process of alignment of domestic GAAP to IFRS, that has affected some countries, has had little effect on Italy. Thus, two accounting systems, IFRS and Italian GAAP, are used for the preparation of unconsolidated financial statements by different categories of companies and, as a consequence, two different linkages between tax and financial reporting emerge. In order to assess the degree and the direction of the book-tax linkages we use the methodology developed by Lamb, Nobes and Roberts (1998. International variations in the connections between tax and financial reporting, Accounting and Business Research, 28(3), pp. 173–188). IFRS and tax reporting show a high degree of disconnection, while Italian GAAP, in line with the accounting tradition of most continental European countries, are closely related to tax rules. The analysis points out a rapidly evolving situation, with links between accounting systems and taxation becoming tighter, mainly because of the changes in tax law introduced during the last few years.