Determinants of Domestic Travel Expenditure in South Korea

Summary

This study examines factors affecting domestic Korean tourist expenditure per person. Independent variables include family size, Per Capita Gross National Product (GNP), number of cars, number of working hours, number of years of education, previous year's domestic travel expenditure, and exchange rate. A 21-year historical data were used in the study. Two estimation methods, principal components regression and ridge regression, were employed in this study to eliminate the problems of multicollinearity caused by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. The empirical results show that number of working hours, family size, and number of years of education turned out to be important factors affecting domestic travel expenditure.     

Determinants of Tourism Coupon Redemption

In spite of the importance of tourism coupon distribution in China, little is known about the impact of determinants on tourism coupon redemption (TCR). The purpose of this study is to investigate key influence factors of TCR using a structural equation modeling approach. Based on literature review, five antecedents of TCR were identified: face value, redemption costs, redemption limitations, brand awareness, and income and education level of tourists. Survey data from 516 tourism coupon holders in Hangzhou, China, demonstrate that face value and brand awareness are positively related to TCR, while redemption costs and redemption limitations have negative impacts on TCR.     

也论休闲与旅游

本文是一篇属于基础理论研究的文章.由于前驱者的开拓与努力,近年,中国的休闲研究和旅游研究都取得了突飞猛进的发展.但是在近一两年,却出现了一种舆论过热的现象,甚至有媒体炒作出了中国进入休闲时代的"新闻".有鉴于此,本文试图从休闲、Leisure和Recreation等基本概念出发,寻找着国内外研究者的视野,从而提出应该加深对休闲内涵的理解的主张,其中包括如何根据UNWTO关于旅游的定义来认识休闲与旅游的异同等.在廓清了一些模糊概念之后,本论文便转入了中国是否进入了休闲时代的讨论,作者的观点是,判断是否进入了一个新时代,必须有重大的标志或衡量的标准,而就目前中国居民真正拥有的休闲时间、经济实力及其消费趋向来考察,说中国进入休闲时代还为时过早.     

The Influence of Food Expenditure on Tourist Response to Festival Tourism: Expenditure Perspective

Festival tourism, which combines the theme of a festival with the local characteristics of an area, has become an extremely attractive marketing method in recent years. In addition, local food and beverages are items that many visitors enjoy consuming and that can become attractions in their own right. The aims of this study are: (a) based on expenditure theory, to explore how spending on food and beverages and other items such as accommodations and transportation influences intentions to revisit and make positive recommendation; and (b) to examine whether or not tourists with different lifestyles use or experience different sources of information, evaluation criteria and travel expenses. A questionnaire survey was conducted using visitors to the 2009 Penghu Sea fireworks festival, and 308 valid samples were collected. The results were as follows. First, food and beverages had a significant positive influence on revisit and recommendation intentions. Second, the total expenditure on a tourist visit had a significantly negative effect on revisit and recommendation intentions. Third, there were statistically significant differences with regard to information searching, evaluation criteria and tourism expenditure among tourists with different lifestyles. Based on these results, we can conclude that food and beverage expenditure during festival tourism is an important factor in whether or not tourists plan to revisit an area and recommend it to others. The findings also show that more tourists can be attracted if festivals are well suited to local conditions and characteristics (such as the availability of seafood in the example examined in this work).     

Household Expenditure Patterns for Tourism Products and Services

The growing importance of the tourism industry, coupled with demographic, social and economic changes, highlights the need to study consumersÆ expenditure patterns for tourism products. Using 1990 Consumer Expenditure Survey data, this study examined leisure travel expenditure patterns of households, especially food, lodging, transportation, and sightseeing/entertainment expenditures. The results show that demographic and socioeconomic and cultural factors have a varying effect on each of the four expenditure categories. The research findings bear implications for marketing segmentation in various components of tourism industry, and suggest an effective research approach to develop pragmatic segmentation strategies.     

也谈改善旅游市场信息不对称--兼与陈丕积同学商榷

改善旅游市场信息不对称现象，是规范旅游市场，维护良好市场秩序的保证。但在改善旅游市场信息不对称的过程中，政府行为应该如何界定，完善市场信息的主体究竟是谁，却是值得我们思考的问题。本文从陈丕积同学的文章入手，阐述了政府行为的局限性，以及市场自律和第三方力量在改善市场信息不对称过程中所起的作用，并指出只有三个空间主体共同努力，相互之间良性互动，才能最大限度地减少市场信息不对称现象所造成的危害。     

也谈改善旅游市场信息不对称——兼与陈丕积同学商榷

改善旅游市场信息不对称现象 ,是规范旅游市场 ,维护良好市场秩序的保证。但在改善旅游市场信息不对称的过程中 ,政府行为应该如何界定 ,完善市场信息的主体究竟是谁 ,却是值得我们思考的问题。本文从陈丕积同学的文章入手 ,阐述了政府行为的局限性 ,以及市场自律和第三方力量在改善市场信息不对称过程中所起的作用 ,并指出只有三个空间主体共同努力 ,相互之间良性互动 ,才能最大限度地减少市场信息不对称现象所造成的危害     

北京市参展商旅游消费支出实证分析

本文利用问卷调查获取的第一手资料,以到北京参展的参展商为例,一方面从总体层面分析了展览会举办期间参展商对展览举办城市旅游业的贡献;另一方面从本地与外地参展商、海内与海外参展商、不同领导层级带队的参展商等不同视角,详细分析了不同因素对参展商旅游消费构成的影响.这些量化信息,对旅游企业开拓展览旅游市场具有较高的参考价值.     

Major Determinants of International Tourism Demand for South Korea:

This study identifies the major determinants of international inbound tourist expenditures in South Korea using regression models. Income, relative prices, exchange rates, promotional expenditures, and dummy variables are incorporated into the models. The empirical results show that the coefficient of income was statistically significant and was highly elastic. The coefficients of relative prices and exchange rates were generally significant and elastic. The coefficient of promotional expenditures was found to be significant, but appeared to be inelastic. The findings of this study provide useful marketing information on how to promote international tourism demand for Korea.     

Determinants of Small Pacific Island Tourism: A Vanuatu Study

The research reported in this paper sought to identify the key determinants of small island tourism in the Pacific region. In order to investigate this research problem, 185 Australian tourists were surveyed as they returned from holidaying in Vanuatu. The sample included those who had visited outer islands such as Espiritu Santo as well as those who had not ventured beyond the main island. Findings indicated that the most important influences on the decision to visit the outer islands were the climate and the reputation as a holiday destination. When rating Vanuatu as a holiday, both those who went to an outer island and those who did not rated the three main reasons as friendliness, range of restaurants and quality of accommodation, whereas the principal reasons given for not visiting an outer island were: that the outer islands were too expensive to access; most tourists wanted a “stay put” holiday; and they did not have enough time on their holiday. From the findings of this research on the determinants of small Pacific island tourism, it is suggested that further research into the applicability of these determinants be conducted in other small island environments in other regions of the world.     

The Influence of Tourist Satisfaction on Tourism Expenditure in Emerging Urban Cultural Destinations

Satisfaction is an excellent predictor of tourist behavior, often used in marketing and destination management. This paper analyzes the extent to which tourist satisfaction influences tourism expenditure at the destination using a gamma regression model, based on the information obtained from 2967 surveys conducted in 14 emerging urban cultural destinations in Andalusia, Spain. The results obtained show that there is indeed a correlation between tourist satisfaction and tourism expenditure at the destination, and guide the implementation of specific policies by stakeholders in these destinations, in order to increase the economic impact generated by this activity.     

论海口旅游业在十字路口的抉择

本文通过对海口旅游业发展现状的分析,指出海口旅游业所存在的主要问题.在此基础上提出了解决问题的指导思想,并建议兴建海口旅游商贸区,而不是琼州海峡旅游度假区,作为摆脱目前海口旅游业发展困境的科学、可行的抉择.     

A Look at Modernized Family Life Cycle and Overseas Travel

The purpose of this study was to determine the vacation attributes preferred by residents of the United States when they engage in overseas travel. The sample was segmented into family life cycle stages and evaluated by segment. A modernized life cycle was used to include single parents and middle-aged couple without children and it was concluded that these two groups do represent viable market segments. They take more overseas trips on average than the other segments and they demonstrate some degree of destination loyalty.     

Tourism at Khajuraho an Indian enigma?

The Hindu temple complex at Khajuraho in central India has become a major tourist site for Indians and international tourists only in the past twenty years. Built as a court nearly a thousand years ago, but abandoned two centuries later, Khajuraho remained a minor pilgrimage site into the present century. The distinctive features of Khajuraho include thousands of explicitly sexual relief carvings, much publicized throughout India. Westerners are direct in their examination of these features, which remain problematic to the majority of Indian tourists. In contemporary puritanical India, where journals and movies are highly censored, Khajuraho offers an opportunity for the loosening of such rules with highly philosophical efforts to “explain away” such “obscenities.” Yet communitas is incomplete: women are discouraged from close examination of the depictions, and men fail to communicate with their families about their content.