美国、法国、日本鼓励对外投资的税收政策比较

美国、法国和日本在鼓励对外投资上的具体税收措施包括:消除国际双重征税的税收抵免法、免税法,与企业共同承担风险的亏损结转制度、准备金制度,间接减轻企业税负的延迟纳税制度等。它们各有特色,有效地促进了上述三国对外投资的增长,同时也为我国对外投资税收政策的完善提供了可借鉴的经验。     

关于我国企业所得税制国际协调问题

我国已加入WTO，我国经济整体开放度的提高将使我国经济日益融入到世界经济体系之中。这客观上要求提高我国经济和税收政策与国际经济的适应性。现阶段，我国企业所得税制的国际协调主要涉及到三个方面的问题，即合理确定我国企业所得税的税率水平、对外资企业贯彻国民待遇原则以及完善对外投资的所得税政策。     

支柱二规则对我国的影响及企业所得税应对措施北大核心CSSCI

OECD支柱二规则是调整国际税收框架、解决BEPS遗留问题的重要措施。支柱二规则的实施将对我国吸引外商直接投资、激励企业创新以及鼓励企业“走出去”带来较大影响。从企业所得税角度,积极应对支柱二规则的影响,可在对软件企业和集成电路企业提供企业所得税“两免三减半”税收优惠政策的同时,实施“15%优惠税率+2年电子设备固定资产折旧年限”的税收优惠并赋予企业选择权;扩大加速折旧政策适用范围,对“走出去”企业实行参股豁免税收政策,从而增强对“引进来”和“走出去”企业的吸引和激励。     

优化我国对外直接投资税收政策的思考

随着我国经济的不断发展,为实现经济结构的改革调整,近年来,越来越多中国企业进行对外直接投资。税收政策作为政府调控经济的有利杠杆,对鼓励我国企业对外直接投资有着重要影响。文章在分析当前我国对外直接投资的政策现状的基础上,发现问题并提出优化政策的思路。     

优化我国对外直接投资税收政策的思考

随着我国经济的不断发展,为实现经济结构的改革调整,近年来,越来越多中国企业进行对外直接投资。税收政策作为政府调控经济的有利杠杆,对鼓励我国企业对外直接投资有着重要影响。文章在分析当前我国对外直接投资的政策现状的基础上,发现问题并提出优化政策的思路。     

关于完善上市公司股权激励税收政策的思考

在实施“大众创业、万众创新”的战略大背景下,股权激励作为一种长期薪酬激励制度与促进创业创新的重要手段备受关注.股权激励效应的充分发挥有赖于税收政策的大力支持与有效配合.而我国现行股权激励税收政策设计遵循的是“公平优先、兼顾效率”原则,未能有效地引导、促进股权激励的发展,尚存在一些问题:一是股权激励税收政策设计目的与股权激励目标有冲突;二是股票期权计划分类不科学、税收政策导向不明确;三是授权日或行权日纳税的规定影响股权激励效用的发挥,极易诱发高管的机会主义行为;四是股权激励税收优惠政策不完善、税收优惠力度不足;五是上市公司与非上市公司、个人所得税与企业所得税有关股权激励的税收政策不协调.文章回顾了股权激励税收政策的已有研究,梳理了上市公司股权激励征税的国际经验,提出了完善我国上市公司股权激励税收政策的建议.     

"两税合一"并不会影响外资的流入

内外资企业所得税制的合并迟迟难以实现的主要原因是，主管部门担心合并后税负提高影响了外国直接投资进入的规模和速度，笔者认为大可不必为此担心。主要原因有三：第一，税收政策在一国的投资环境中只能起到部分激励作用，并非决定因素；第二，由于我国超过70％的外资来源于与我国尚未缔结避免双重征税协定或虽有协定但并不包括饶让条款的国家和地区，因此税收优惠政策并不是大多数外商投资者关注的重心；第三，对中小外国资本来说，税收政策的调整可能会有一些影响，但从提高效率的角度来看，这部分外资的减少反而会优化我国的外资结构，提高外资的使用效率。     

国际税收竞争、资本管制与企业所得税负担调整

在经济全球化的背景下,为争夺国际资本,各国都实行了相当优惠的公司所得税政策。但是,减税等国际税收竞争措施的作用是不确定的,一国应采取的国际税收竞争战略与其国家规模、资本管制政策等因素密切相关。面对近年来引进外国直接投资(FDI)增速放缓和逐步放松资本管制的大背景,我国必须抓住内外资企业所得税制度合并的有利时机,合理调整我国企业所得税负担。     

我国企业对外直接投资涉税问题探析

目前,我国企业"走出去"主要形式有:一是境外工程承包和劳务输出;二是资本输出(主要指对外直接投资)。本文着重分析了我国对外直接投资的现状和现有对外投资税收政策存在的问题,并提出了完善税收政策的几点建议。     

借鉴日本经验 完善我国对外直接投资税收激励政策北大核心CSSCI

促进企业对外直接投资(OFDI)有助于加快我国经济转型升级、释放经济增长新动能。二十世纪六十至八十年代,日本曾利用税收激励政策,鼓励企业对外投资,成功输出国内过剩资本和过剩产能,以丰厚的海外利润助力国内经济中高速增长,缓解泡沫破灭对日本经济造成的巨大冲击。本文借鉴日本税收激励的经验,提出了完善我国对外投资税收激励政策的建议,旨在对促进企业对外直接投资、推进供给侧结构性改革提供借鉴。     

Determinants of Regional Investment Decisions in China: An Econometric Model of Tax Incentive Policy

This paper examines whether concessionary tax rates and tax incentives can attract foreign direct investment (FDI) into certain designated areas in China. Since China opened its doors to foreign investors in 1979, tax benefits have been used extensively to attract FDI into different areas. In 1991, a new tax law was introduced which superseded two previous income tax laws. This new law provides additional tax benefits which improve the investment environment for foreign investors. This study investigates the effect of China's tax rates and tax incentive policy on FDI and on the locational choices of foreign firms. Our empirical results indicate that tax rates and incentives are important determinants of regional investment decisions in China, after controlling for potential confounding variables covering infrastructure, unemployment rate, wage rate and agglomeration economics. Specifically, areas offering lower tax rates and increased tax incentives are found to attract greater amounts of FDI. The impetus of the tax effect on FDI is more apparent in the post-1991 period due to changes in the tax laws. Our results also suggest that infrastructure variables are important determinants of regional investment decisions.     

我国现行企业税收制度及“营改增”改革

我国企业缴纳的税种以流转税和所得税为主。今年以来,企业利润有所下滑,一方面是由于企业营业收入随经济增速放缓而回落,另一方面也与部分流转税与企业盈利相关度低而增加了企业税负有关,因此有必要继续推进结构性减税政策。文章介绍了作为当前我国税制改革重头戏的“营改增”试点的政策内容,分析了其对减轻企业税负的积极成效,指出“营改增”有利于避免重复征税,降低企业税负,也有利于第三产业发展,促进经济结构调整。     

对台湾地区『两税合一』制度的介绍及评估

为了消除营利事业所得税和综合所得税(相当于中国大陆实行的企业所得税和个人所得税)重复课税现象,促进资源合理配置,营造低税负、无障碍的投资环境,我国台湾地区从1998年开始实行"两税合一"制度。本文对台湾地区的"两税合一"制度进行了简单介绍与评估。     

企业所得税制改革的几点思考

在统一内外资企业所得税的基础上建立规范的法人所得税制度是我国企业所得税制改革的必然趋势.统一规范法人所得税税基,在确定计税成本时应充分体现纳税人的费用补偿原则,并适当降低所得税税率,清理整顿税收优惠政策,为各种所有制形式的企业创造公平纳税环境,规范国家与企业的分配关系,简化税制.     

The incentive to locate a multinational firm: The effect of tax reforms in the United Kingdom

The advent of the single European market has focused attention on the structure of international tax incentives for the location of multinational business. Multinationals that channel foreign income through the United Kingdom have been likely to suffer double taxation in the form of surplus advance corporation tax when they subsequently distribute the income to a foreign parent. This paper shows that the 1993 U.K. tax reforms create a significant reduction in the tax cost of locating in the United Kingdom, relative to traditionally favorable tax regimes such as the Netherlands.     

新企业所得税制对我国引进外资的影响及效应研究

本文通过对外商投资规模、产业结构、区域结构等方面的数据分析,研究2008年实施的新企业所得税制,相对减少外商投资企业税收优惠背景下,新企业所得税制实施对引进外资的影响及其效应。其结论是新企业所得税法实施后,虽然外商投资于中国境内的企业数量、绝对规模并未减少,且有一定增长趋势,但引资规模的增长幅度下降;投资于第一产业的企业数量和金额在三大产业中所占比重一直极低,投资于第二产业比例逐渐降低,投资于第三产业比例相对提高,对引导外商进入高新技术行业和基础设施建设激励不够明显。进而提出适度延长中西部地区企业所得税税收优惠期并加大优惠力度,对高新技术企业等实施一定期限的所得税免税优惠,适度延长基础设施建设的减免税期限或改变优惠方式等完善企业所得税制度的建议。     

企业境外所得税收抵免政策解析

税收管辖权的重叠必然导致国际间重复课税。抵免法是各国推荐的消除重复课税的方法。本文在介绍国际税收抵免相关概念和原理的基础上,就我国企业境外所得税收抵免有关问题进行了分析解读,并比较了新旧政策的主要变化。     

Taxing Multinationals

This paper analyzes the effects of tax policy on the strategic choices of multinationals and on national welfare. Contrary to existing theory, in the absence of foreign taxation, deferral of home-country taxation until earnings on outbound FDI are repatriated is generally superior to including those earnings in current income. This holds even if the home country taxes domestic investment less generously. This is also generally superior to exempting foreign income. Foreign taxes permit foreign governments to capture some of the pre-tax economic rent from the home-country FDI; this reduces the benefit to the home country of more generous taxation of outbound FDI.     

Strategies and dividend imputation: the effect of foreign and domestic ownership on average effective tax rates

This study examines how dividend imputation affects the incentive of New Zealand firms to minimize tax. By effectively eliminating double taxation on company income, imputation reduces firms’ incentives to engage in costly tax minimization strategies. Before September 1993, resident and nonresident shareholders were treated differently under New Zealand’s imputation system. Because imputation credits cannot be passed to shareholders unless dividends are paid, we expect firms to pursue different tax paying strategies depending on their level of foreign ownership and their dividend payout ratios. After September 1993 when imputation credits were extended to nonresident portfolio shareholders, we expect that firms with high foreign ownership and high dividend payouts would have less incentive to minimize tax. Our results provide some support for these expectations.     

Government policy and ownership of equity securities

Since World War II, direct stock ownership by households across the globe has largely been replaced by indirect stock ownership by financial institutions. We argue that tax and retirement policies are among the factors behind these changes. We develop empirical measures of two tax incentives of holding stocks inside tax-deferred plans, tax-free investment income and the smoothing benefit. Using long time-series from eight countries, we show that the fraction of household ownership decreases with these measures of the tax benefits. This finding contributes to policy debates on effective taxation and to financial economics research on the long-term effects of taxation on corporate finance and asset prices.