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1.
    
The extent to which banking services can reduce poverty is under question as recent experimental evidence has suggested that there is no impact. Our findings, based on survey and administrative data, are to the contrary. We compile a unique dataset of banking measures and poverty indicators at the level of Bangladesh’s 544 administrative sub-districts. We find a relationship between banking services and poverty reduction, and show that the relationship works through the deposit channel rather than the credit channel. We exploit variation in branch placement by sub-district between 2010 and 2015 to implement a difference-in-difference estimation approach. We also estimate ordinary least squares and fixed effects models to explore the role of factors other than banking services in poverty incidence. Broad findings supporting a role for the deposit channel, but not the credit channel, are confirmed. These results have significant policy implications as governments in developing countries are actively involved in promoting financial inclusion through the banking sector.  相似文献   

2.
We examine how the development of the agro-processing industry contributed to poverty reduction in Thailand. The effects on farmers’ income are emphasized because most of the poor in Thailand are farmers. The development of the agro-processing industry could improve farmers’ income through two channels: (i) the purchase of agricultural products; and (ii) the employment of the poor farmers at factories. We show that the development of the agro-processing industry, which also played a leading role in the high economic growth of the Thai economy, contributed to poverty reduction through both of the two channels. It was hence pro-poor.  相似文献   

3.
周晔馨  叶静怡 《南方经济》2014,32(32):35-57
近年来,社会资本在减轻农村贫困中的作用逐渐成为发展经济学家关注的一个热点。本文分别从静态和动态两个视角综述了相关研究的思路和方法:从静态视角来看,信任对于减少绝对贫困有积极的作用,但某些形式的社会资本难以减轻绝对贫困,关于社会资本是否能减轻相对贫困则尚未取得一致的认识;从动态视角来看,社会资本通过非正式保险的机制平滑消费、减轻暂时贫困,通过促进融资和创业、保护产权、促进公共品提供和劳动力流动,有助于消除长期贫困。总的来看,随着市场化进程的深入,社会资本反贫困的积极作用有减弱的趋势。本文基于理论评述,提出了深化社会资本的减贫理论机制(尤其是对相对贫困的作用机制)、市场化进程中的社会资本反贫困机制、改进社会资本测量、加强因果效应识别等未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

4.
社会资本在减轻农村贫困中的作用:文献述评与研究展望   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,社会资本在减轻农村贫困中的作用逐渐成为发展经济学家关注的一个热点。本文分别从静态和动态两个视角综述了相关研究的思路和方法:从静态视角来看,信任对于减少绝对贫困有积极的作用,但某些形式的社会资本难以减轻绝对贫困,关于社会资本是否能减轻相对贫困则尚未取得一致的认识;从动态视角来看,社会资本通过非正式保险的机制平滑消费、减轻暂时贫困,通过促进融资和创业、保护产权、促进公共品提供和劳动力流动,有助于消除长期贫困。总的来看,随着市场化进程的深入,社会资本反贫困的积极作用有减弱的趋势。本文基于理论评述,提出了深化社会资本的减贫理论机制(尤其是对相对贫困的作用机制)、市场化进程中的社会资本反贫困机制、改进社会资本测量、加强因果效应识别等未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

5.
本文从贫困识别、扶贫项目选择、扶贫资源投入整合、公共供给等方面对我国扶贫开发工作进行分析,提出可操作的对策,旨在提高扶贫开发效益,有效改善贫困群体民生。  相似文献   

6.
农村建设包括农村社区和个体农户发展两个层面,二者必须统筹兼顾.以陕西商洛国家扶贫开发重点区商州为例,探寻乡村社区贫困成因及治理模式.农村社区贫困是多因素长期共同作用的产物,包括自然条件恶劣,交通落后,贫困文化影响,产业结构不合理和森林资源利用政策制约等.乡村社区扶贫应以整村推进、移民搬迁和特色产业开发为主,辅以劳务输出和教育扶贫.  相似文献   

7.
本文首先运用Ravallion基本需求成本法测算了中国转型时期(1986~2000年)城镇贫困线水平,并用Foster系列贫困指数测度了转型期间城镇贫困的广度、深度和强度。结果表明,从1986年到2000年,城镇贫困的广度、深度和强度都呈现总体上升的趋势。最后,我们实证分析认为,城镇贫困状况恶化的原因与转型期间一系列重大政策改革相联系,即城镇居民收入不平等、失业率、住房支出、教育支出和医疗支出上升是城镇贫困恶化的主要因素。  相似文献   

8.
金融普惠可以提高减贫质量吗?——基于多维贫困的分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
切实提高减贫质量对我国打赢打好脱贫攻坚战和守住脱贫成果至关重要。金融普惠作为当前我国金融改革和脱贫攻坚的重要举措,是否有助于提高减贫质量仍是有待回答的问题。文章基于中国家庭金融调查2015年数据,从多维贫困和多维贫困脆弱性两方面出发研究了金融普惠对我国农村减贫质量的影响。研究发现,金融普惠可以同时降低农村家庭多维贫困和多维贫困脆弱性,并且对多维贫困问题严重的农村家庭有更大的作用;区分不同贫困和不同金融服务发现,金融普惠可以显著降低收入贫困、教育贫困及生活质量贫困,对健康贫困的影响则不显著;银行营业网点与金融服务点渗透、以及储蓄、贷款、保险及数字金融服务使用可以提高减贫质量,而其他金融机构渗透、信用卡使用及银行服务评价的作用相对有限。进一步地,文章研究了金融普惠减贫质量效应的环境条件,发现村庄市场及制度环境和家庭需求环境改善有助于充分发挥金融普惠的积极作用,相反则可能构成一定的制约。最后,文章检验了金融普惠的影响机制,发现促进农村家庭人力与物质资本积累、以及地区经济发展等在其中发挥了重要的中介作用。文章结论为我国提高减贫质量提供了可靠的政策工具,同时也可促进我国全面建成小康社会和经济实现...  相似文献   

9.
社会主义市场经济体系中存在着“公有制经济”和“非公有制经济”两种类型的经济成份,多年来,我们比较多地把非公有制经济当作一种在需要时便加以利用的对象,而没有强调非公有制经济也有利用公有制经济的一面,即二者是相互利用的,这显然是不全面的。实际上,承认和提倡公有制经济与非公有制经济的相互利用和合作,反映了社会主义市场经济的本质要求,有利于社会主义市场经济均衡、健康和持久的发展。  相似文献   

10.
当前我国农民收入有了明显增加,但城乡居民收入差距也在逐步的拉大,深入分析农民贫困的成因并提出相应的对策是摆在我们面前的一个刻不容缓的课题.笔者从制度这一视角出发认为,造成当下中国农民贫困现状的主要原因是有效的制度供给不足,解决农民贫困问题的出路也在于合理的制度设计.  相似文献   

11.
Using pooled household level data for the Indian states of Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh we find that the size of landholdings is a negative predictor of participation in the National Rural Employment Guarantee Program (NREGP). In state level analysis this pattern survives in Rajasthan but reverses in Andhra Pradesh where we notice a positive relationship. This paper examines whether this sign reversal in Andhra Pradesh is indicative of program capture in Andhra Pradesh and better targeting in Rajasthan. We compare land inequality, ratio of NREG and slack season agricultural wage rates, political interference, and geographical remoteness across the two states and conclude that program capture may be an issue in Andhra Pradesh, largely because of these reasons. We also find evidence of complementarity between NREGP and the Public Distribution System (PDS), implying that the real income transfer through food subsidy needs supplementation.  相似文献   

12.
叶世隆 《特区经济》2014,(2):168-169
生产决定消费,生产为了消费,消费影响生产。印度是发展中的人口大国,粮食消费在不同地区、不同收入水平阶段及人群中的满足程度有所不同。不论在粮食短缺还是在粮食供应充足的情况下,贫困家庭的收入水平直接影响着其粮食获取量,尤其是发生粮食危机时,贫困家庭就会面临生存危机,本文主要讨论基础性粮食消费,即政府在贫困人口获取粮食方面采取的措施,其核心是消除贫困,保障低收入阶层可支配收入的增加,增强贫困人口对粮食的购买力。  相似文献   

13.
文章首先对私人部门战略管理理论进行介绍与分析,然后对私人组织和公共组织的异同进行分析,最后在科学借鉴私人部门战略管理理论的基础上提出了以群体价值观为基点、学习能力为核心、人员激励为手段的战略管理理论。  相似文献   

14.
China's official poverty statistics show a dramatic reduction in poverty from 31% of the rural population in 1978 to 3% in 2000. We evaluate possible sources of bias in these estimates and conclude that the official statistics underestimate rural poverty and overstate the speed of poverty reduction. Direct measures of nutritional outcomes support the contention that poverty is more widespread than suggested by official statistics. Priority should be given to constructing new statistics to accurately measure urban poverty. The method for calculating county income per capita, a key policy variable affecting official poor county designation, is ad hoc and subject to political influence.  相似文献   

15.
    
Comparing dynamic changes in household income and poverty among urban, rural, and estate sectors in Sri Lanka from 1990 to 2006, this study finds that a shift of household income away from farm to nonfarm sources is accompanied by a significant improvement in household income and reduction in poverty, particularly in the rural sector. Major contributing factors are the rise in returns to labor, in general, and educated labor, in particular, due to the development of the nonfarm labor market. Persistently low income among estate households can be explained primarily by the limited availability of nonfarm employment opportunities and the low education levels of working members.  相似文献   

16.
The aim of the paper is to discuss the differences between the process-oriented management in public sector organizations and private sector organizations. It is also to present the consequences of implementation of this approach and to suggest areas for further research. The process management is based on the assumption that actions should be optimized by taking into account processes, which create the dynamics of an organization. These processes are constituted by sequences of activities, which turn ideas and efforts of members of an organization into an outcome expected by a client. It seems that the implementation of the process-oriented management in organizations of the public administration may facilitate the following current clients needs and identifying new ones, which are due to changes in needs of citizens or legal requirements. The paper gives an account of the process-oriented management approach and consequences of its implementation in public sector organizations. It also discusses the obstacles to the process-oriented management implementation, primarily in the public sector. The paper is theoretical and the presented ideas need further empirical investigation. The findings can be used to enhance process-oriented management systems both in the public and private sector.  相似文献   

17.
贫困线理论及其在中国农村的实践   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文论述了贫困线的理论与方法,结合1984年中国农村贫困线的估计方法讨论了贫困线理论与方法在中国的应用。重点从判断个体福利满足的方式把贫困线分为主观法确定的贫困线和客观法确定的贫困线,并认为食品能量摄入法(FEI)和基本需求成本法(CBN)是使用客观法确定绝对贫困线的两种传统方法。文章最后部分针对国内一些学者对贫困线理论与方法的应用和中国贫困线估计的高低等问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

18.
周先军 《魅力中国》2014,(24):88-88
Humor, a distinctive linguistic phenomenon, plays an important role in the language culture. In addition, humor has become a topic in linguistics. As the most important principles in pragmatics, the CP has provided a theoretical tool for analyzing humor, which is the product of the speaker's intentional or unintentional violation of certain maxim of the Cooperative Principle. Participants should understand the literal meaning of an utterance firstly, and then, by relating the utterance to the specific context and certain background information, they come to realize the violation of the CP and appreciate the humor.  相似文献   

19.
本文首先建立了一个有关新产品开发的营销部门与生产部门协调合作的理论模型,指出新产品开发过程中营销部门与生产部门的协调合作会产生正面和负面影响:有利于新产品竞争优势的提升,又会导致新产品开发期限的延长,但总体上有利于新产品开发的投资收益率的提高。然后本文以深圳市高新企业为实证研究对象,对这一理论观点进行了实证检验,结果显示营销部门与生产部门的协调对新产品竞争优势的提升、新产品开发期限、投资收益率所产生的影响在新产品开发的不同阶段具有显著的差异性。  相似文献   

20.
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