Revisiting the roles of gold: Does gold ETF matter?

This study investigates whether the role of gold changes due to the introduction of gold exchange-traded funds (ETFs) using sample data of seven countries in which physically-backed gold ETFs have been issued. The results show that the traditional roles of gold do change after the introduction of gold ETFs, particularly in the corresponding stock markets. The functions of hedge and safe haven provided by gold wear off during the post-ETF period in stock markets. In currency markets, however, gold still serves as a hedge and safe haven asset, and such effects become stronger during the post-ETF period. Moreover, gold ETFs play a role of relative strong safe haven than the physical gold does while the leading (lagged) stock returns extremely decline. Like the purposes of using physical gold assets, gold ETFs also provide hedge and safe haven effects to the exchange rate risks. Therefore, we might confirm that physical gold could be largely replaced by gold ETFs and investors could utilize gold ETFs to avoid potential risks in financial markets.     

Herding behavior,market sentiment and volatility: Will the bubble resume?

This paper aims to investigate herding behavior and its impact on volatility under uncertainty. We apply a cross-sectional absolute deviation approach as well as Quantile Regression methods to capture the herding behavior in daily and monthly frequencies in US markets over several time-periods including the global financial crisis. In a novel attempt we modify the empirical CSAD herding modeling by introducing implied volatility as a measure of agent risk expectations. Our findings indicate that herding tends to be intense under extreme market conditions, as depicted in the upper high quantile range of the conditional distribution of returns. During crisis periods herding is observed at the beginning of the crisis and becomes insignificant towards the end. The US market herding behavior exhibits time-varying dynamic trading patterns that can be attributed e.g., to overconfidence or excessive “flight to quality” features, mostly observed in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Moreover, implied volatility reveals asymmetric patterns and plays a key role in enforcing irrational behavior.     

低波动率环境下上证50ETF期权投资策略的分析与研究

伴随金融供给侧改革的推动,期权市场快速发展壮大起来,期权投资再次成为业内最热话题之一,越来越多的机构投资者与个人投资者进入期权市场,利用期权进行风险对冲。在成交量大幅萎缩的背景下,50ETF期权波动率也在迅速降低。本文结合当前的市场环境,针对不同类型的期权投资者,对比分析了多种期权策略在上证50ETF期权交易中的应用,提出相应的风险管理对策及建议,为广大期权投资者提供参考与借鉴。     

The structure of dynamic correlations in multivariate stochastic volatility models

This paper proposes two types of stochastic correlation structures for Multivariate Stochastic Volatility (MSV) models, namely the constant correlation (CC) MSV and dynamic correlation (DC) MSV models, from which the stochastic covariance structures can easily be obtained. Both structures can be used for purposes of determining optimal portfolio and risk management strategies through the use of correlation matrices, and for calculating Value-at-Risk (VaR) forecasts and optimal capital charges under the Basel Accord through the use of covariance matrices. A technique is developed to estimate the DC MSV model using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure, and simulated data show that the estimation method works well. Various multivariate conditional volatility and MSV models are compared via simulation, including an evaluation of alternative VaR estimators. The DC MSV model is also estimated using three sets of empirical data, namely Nikkei 225 Index, Hang Seng Index and Straits Times Index returns, and significant dynamic correlations are found. The Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) model is also estimated, and is found to be far less sensitive to the covariation in the shocks to the indexes. The correlation process for the DCC model also appears to have a unit root, and hence constant conditional correlations in the long run. In contrast, the estimates arising from the DC MSV model indicate that the dynamic correlation process is stationary.     

Modeling common volatility characteristics and dynamic risk premia in European equity markets

The paper applies a Factor-GARCH model to evaluate the impact of the market portfolio, as a single common dynamic risk factor, on conditional volatility and risk premia for the returns on size-based equity portfolios of three major European markets; France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The results show that for the size-based portfolios the factor loading for the dynamic market factor is significant and positive but the association between the risk premia and the conditional market volatility is weak. However, the dynamic market factor is shown to explain common characteristics in the conditional variance such as asymmetry and persistence. This finding is consistent across markets and portfolio sizes.     

沪深300股指期货动态套期保值比率模型估计及比较——基于修正的ECM-BGARCH(1,1)模型的实证研究

本文以沪深300股指期货的真实交易数据及沪深300指数为研究对象,在最小方差套期保值的基础上,建立了ECM-BGARCH(1,1)的沪深300股指期货对沪深300指数的动态套期保值模型。其具体特色是:与利用沪深300股指期货仿真交易数据相比,通过利用沪深300股指期货的真实数据得到的最优套期保值比率更具真实性;通过建立具有时变特征、含有自相关和条件异方差的动态BGARCH(1,1)模型,不但考虑了实证所用数据的实际特点,而且保证了套期保值比率预测的准确性;实证研究结果表明,该模型优于现有的套期保值模型。     

Spillover analysis across FinTech,ESG, and renewable energy indices before and during the Russia–Ukraine war: International evidence

This study is epicentral to analyze the impact of the Russia–Ukraine war on the financial markets, specifically focusing on the connectedness and spillover dynamics of FinTech, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), renewable energy, gold, and Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) indices in developed and emerging countries. Data are collected from Thomson Reuters, ranging from May 8, 2020, to May 11, 2022, and a time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) and the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) t-Copula (DCC-GARCH t-Copula) are used to analyze the data. The results show that FinTech, ESG, and MSCI are net transmitters in developed countries, whereas gold and renewable energy are net receivers pre- and during war periods. ESG and MSCI are net transmitters in emerging countries, while FinTech, renewable energy, and gold become net receivers in both periods. The hedging ratio sheds light on the costs and weights of efficient pair investments that might change in the context of each region and under the combined scenario. The study has important implications for merchant bankers, policymakers, investors, hedgers, and risk managers.     

热电冷三联供系统效能分析

通过热电冷三联供系统能源利用的经济效益分析,表明热电冷三联供系统具有节能高效,污染少,管理方便,运行费用低的特点,一种高效的城市能源利用系统,有利于降低能耗和缓解大气污染。