基于实物期权法的风险投资项目估价方法——一个文献综述

本文理清了实物期权及其在风险投资项目估价中应用的发展脉络,并提出了实物期权在风险投资项目估价应用中需要发展的地方。     

Min–max multi-step barrier options and their variants

This paper studies a new type of barrier option, min–max multi-step barrier options with diverse multiple up or down barrier levels placed in the sub-periods of the option’s lifetime. We develop the explicit pricing formula of this type of option under the Black–Scholes model and explore its applications and possible extensions. In particular, the min–max multi-step barrier option pricing formula can be used to approximate double barrier option prices and compute prices of complex barrier options such as discrete geometric Asian barrier options. As a practical example of directly applying the pricing formula, we introduce and evaluate a re-bouncing equity-linked security. The main theorem of this work is capable of handling the general payoff function, from which we obtain the pricing formulas of various min–max multi-step barrier options. The min–max multi-step reflection principle, the boundary-crossing probability of min–max multi-step barriers with icicles, is also derived.     

A closer look at Black–Scholes option thetas

This paper investigates Black–Scholes call and put option thetas, and derives upper and lower bounds for thetas as a function of underlying asset value. It is well known that the maximum time premium of an option occurs when the underlying asset value equals the exercise price. However, we show that the maximum option theta does not occur at that point, but instead occurs when the asset value is somewhat above the exercise price. We also show that option theta is not monotonic in any of the parameters in the Black–Scholes option-pricing model, including time to maturity. We further explain why the implications of these findings are important for trading and hedging strategies that are affected by the decay in an option’s time premium.

Exponential stock models driven by tempered stable processes

We investigate exponential stock models driven by tempered stable processes, which constitute a rich family of purely discontinuous Lévy processes. With a view of option pricing, we provide a systematic analysis of the existence of equivalent martingale measures, under which the model remains analytically tractable. This includes the existence of Esscher martingale measures and martingale measures having minimal distance to the physical probability measure. Moreover, we provide pricing formulae for European call options and perform a case study.     

实物期权理论中的数学基础

资产价值运动路径的模型的随机过程处理及关于随机过程函数的工具就是Ito引理和评价投资价值的基础方法即实物期权评价方法。设F(S t,t)为资产的价格,它是S t的函数。这两种效应之和就是随机微分dF(S t,t)令S t是连续型随机过程。     

用B-S期权定价模型评估存款保险的价格

存款保险定价是存款保险制度建设中的核心内容,保险定价效率直接影响制度的功效。碍于现金流贴现估价模型的局限性,本文从期权的角度阐述了存款保险的期权特性,指出存款保险合同实质上就是一份看跌期权,从理论和实证两方面论述了如何运用B-S期权定价模型确定存款保险价格的问题,对实践中存款保险的合理定价和制度建设具有重要的指导意义。     

用期权定价模型评估企业并购的价值

针对传统企业并购价值评估模型的局限性,本文从期权的角度阐述了企业并购的期权特性,指出企业并购实质上相当于取得了一个看涨期权;并以连续支付红利的美式期权定价理论为基础,建立了企业并购价值评估的期权定价模型。最后,通过实例论述了如何应用该模型来评估企业并购价值,对实践中企业并购价值的合理确定具有重要的指导意义。     

Estimation of the Option Prime: Microsimulation of Backward Stochastic Differential Equations

A mathematical statistical model is needed to obtain an option prime and create a hedging strategy. With formulas derived from stochastic differential equations, the primes for US Dollar/Chilean Pesos currency options using a prime calculator are obtained. Furthermore, a backward simulation of the option prime trajectory is used with a numerical method created for backward stochastic differential equations. The use of statistics in finance is highly important in order to develop complex products.     

实物期权方法在果木林权流转中的应用

文章以实物期权理论为基础,结合林权的期权特性,将实物期权的方法应用到林权流转中去,为果木林权的流转和果品的出售分别设计一个欧式看跌期权,以减少林权投资风险,增强经营的灵活性。同时,利用实物期权定价模型中的二叉树模型,对看跌期权的价值进行估值,以解决林权流转中价值评估的问题,为林权投资者的决策提供一定的价值参考。     

企业并购中人力资本价值评估模型研究

人力资本是实现企业价值创造的关键因素,企业并购会对人力资本价值产生重大影响。由于企业并购对人力资本价值的影响具有特殊性,因此在界定企业人力资本内涵的基础上,论文分析了现有定价模型的缺陷,通过阐析并购过程中人力资本价值变化与实物期权的相关特性,引入实物期权模型对并购过程中的人力资本价值变化进行评估分析。     

浅析期权定价理论及其组合投资策略

本文从期权的发展历史开始追溯,简述了期权在发展过程中的变化趋势,对期权定价理论Black-Scholes模型的意义及缺陷做了深入分析,最后介绍了标的资产与期权组合,总结了它们的特点和盈亏图,为金融衍生产品的期权投资组合策略发展提供一些借鉴。     

EKC-type transitions and environmental policy under pollutant uncertainty and cost irreversibility

Previous studies have suggested that some pollutant levels first increases due to the economic growth and then start decreasing, the pattern being called the “environmental Kuznets curve” (EKC). We examine EKC-type transitions of pollutant levels not with respect to economic growth but more generally in time. Assuming that each policy maker optimally executes the two switching options of regulation and unregulation for pollution, the switching dynamics of environmental policy can be described by an alternating renewal process. It is shown that the double Laplace transform of transition density of a pollutant level can be obtained by a novel application of renewal theory. The expected level of overall pollutants is then calculated numerically and found to exhibit either a Λ‐shaped or an N-shaped pattern in time. Our results present a simple explanation for the EKC-type transitions of pollutant levels within a real options framework.     

风险投资决策的多阶段混合式期权定价模型及其分析

从风险投资的投资时间多阶段性和投资决策不确定性出发,运用实物期权的二叉树模型和扩展后的三叉树模型,建立了一个符合风险投资实际的多阶段混合式期权定价模型,以期开拓对风险投资决策的新思路。     

Black-Scholes模型在企业价值评估中的应用研究

20世纪70年代,Black-Scholes定价模型的出现为期权的定价和交易奠定了坚实的数学理论基础,突破了传统的红利贴现模型不能精确计算投资者的预期收益率和未来支付的现金股利的不足。文中分析了公司股票的期权特性,对B-S定价模型在股票定价中的应用进行了探讨,并通过例证说明该方法的可行性。但需要说明的是,B-S定价方法不是对传统定价模型的否定,而是对股票定价模型的充实,更重要的是一种定价思维方式的转变。     

项目的最佳投资时机问题的研究

长期以来广泛应用的以货币的时间价值为着眼点的投资决策方法,暗含了管理者只能被动的拒绝或接受某投资项目的假设,或者说忽略了管理者的存在和作用,这显然与现实不符。用金融领域中的期权二项树理论,提出项目最佳投资时机的期权决策法,使企业作出的关于项目最佳投资时机的决策更加有效、合理;企业可以据此决定在什么情况下应该推迟对项目进行投资,在什么情况下应该立即投资。