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1.
In this study, we extend the results in Cox et al. (2004) by considering floating strike prices, which are affected by accumulated losses. We employ a compound Poisson process to describe catastrophe losses and adopt a mean-reverting square root process to capture the volatility of the underlying stock. In the numerical section, we first compare the differences in the prices of the options with fixed and floating strike prices. In addition, we illustrate the variance of the portfolios consisting of the stock and options with alternative kinds of strike prices by holding the total cost of the options constant. Variance-optimal portfolios are also investigated. Interestingly, numerical results show that the portfolios consisting of the stock and options with floating strike prices have lower variances in all cases, even when we hold the total option costs constant. 相似文献
2.
将金融期权的思想和方法运用到企业经营实力，拓展和深化了期权思想的应用领域，而基于期权思想的供应链整体绩效改进的研究正日益引起理论界和企业界的关注。面对动态、复杂和激励的竞争态势，实物期权在投资决策中已经获得了相当程度的应用，但在供应链模型的应用中仍然缺少具有一般性、可操作的范式。因此，实物期权将更紧密的参与到企业战略制定过程，并被提升到战略管理的高度。论文对实物期权发展历程，理论界以及实务界对实物期权研究和应用情况进行了梳理，并总结了期权思想在供应链风险管理和整体设计中的研究进展。 相似文献
3.
In this paper, we investigate basket spread options under the Heston–Nandi GARCH model. Moreover, we adopt the reduced-form model to capture default risk, which is correlated with all underlying assets. Because of the nonexistence of the analytical fair values, we obtain a closed-form approximated pricing formula of basket spread options with default risk. Finally, we examine the accuracy of approximations and then use the proposed formulae to illustrate the effect of the number of the underlying assets and default risk as well. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, we investigate spread options with counterparty risk in a jump-diffusion model. Due to the fact that there is no closed-form formula of spread options with counterparty risk, we obtain analytical expressions of lower and upper bounds by employing the measure-change technique. Finally, we numerically check the accuracy of the bounds and analyze the impacts of counterparty risk and jump risk on spread option prices. 相似文献
5.
Let ( Xn , n ≥ 1) be an i.i.d. sequence of positive random variables with distribution function H . Let φ H := {(n, Xn ), n ≥ 1) be the associated observation process. We view φ h as a measure on E := [0, ∞) ∞ (0, φ] where φH (A) is the number of points of φ H which lie in A . A family ( Vs , s> 0) of transformations is defined on E in such a way that for suitable H the distributions of ( Vs φH , S > 0) satisfy a large deviation principle and that a related Strassen-type law of the iterated logarithm also holds. Some consequent large deviation principles and loglog laws are derived for extreme values. Similar results are proved for φ H replaced by certain planar Poisson processes. 相似文献
6.
Catastrophe bonds are the most successful alternative risk transfer tools in transferring catastrophic insurance risk to capital markets. This research provides empirical insights about the predictive power of catastrophe bond spreads in forecasting catastrophe arrival frequency as a test of the catastrophe bond market’s price discovery efficacy. Primary-market data for cat bonds, catastrophe arrival frequency data for hurricanes and windstorms, and climate variable data for Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation and CO2 change rate are collected over June 1997 to March 2013 to examine this power. The calibration results show that cat bond spreads convey valuable incremental information as measured by the Akaike Information Criterion. Furthermore, in an out-sample test for hurricanes prediction, merging the conventional climate variables approach with our market-based forward-looking predictions reduces prediction errors by about 3% over the sample period. As the catastrophe bond market continues to grow with increasing trading volume, a needed ingredient to enhance market efficiency, we would expect this measure of improvement to accentuate. 相似文献
7.
Since public networks became widespread, doubts have arisen over how to make them succeed. Scholars have traditionally addressed the issue in different ways, thus variously shedding light on the network structure, mechanisms, or managers as predictors of the network performance. The aim of our article is to explore the possibility of an interaction effect between the abovementioned factors. Our results show that there may be a relationship between network structure, mechanisms, and managers that jointly affects network performance. Therefore, important suggestions can be made about how to manage public networks successfully: (1) ensure that your network mechanisms and managerial abilities are coherent with the structure of your network; and (2) if you are in a well-established and integrated network, allow yourself some flexibility. Data were collected through a multiple case study that focused on collaboration for joint provision of home care services in Switzerland. 相似文献
8.
Yiannos A. Pierides 《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》1997,21(10):1579-1611
This paper considers the pricing of derivatives that protect holders of corporate bonds from a reduction in their value because of a deterioration in their credit quality. These derivatives are structured as either puts on the bond price or calls on the bond spread (above the risk free rate) in the context of models developed by Merton (1974) and Black and Cox (1976). The pricing properties of these options are derived using both analytical and numerical methods. 相似文献
9.
In this paper, we consider vulnerable options with stochastic liquidity risk. We employ liquidity-adjusted pricing models to describe the underlying stock price and option issuer’s assets. In addition, the correlation between these assets is stochastic, depending on the market liquidity measures. In the proposed framework, we derive closed forms of vulnerable European options with stochastic liquidity risk and then use them to illustrate the effects of stochastic liquidity risk on vulnerable option prices. Numerical results show that the effects of liquidity risk on the prices of out-of-the-money options or the options with a short maturity are not negligible. 相似文献
10.
分析了基于概率方法依据的假设在项目风险管理中的不适用性,并从实务操作中的预算储备和阶段性决策等应对措施中获得实证解释。在此基础上,用实物期权方法拓展项目风险管理的思路。对各种实物期权进行了分类和讨论。 相似文献
11.
Using a sample of 110 countries over the period 1984–2013, this paper examines the impacts of country risks on choosing a specific exchange rate regime (first by utilizing the Levy-Yeyati and Sturzenegger de facto classification and then robusting it by the IMF de jure measurement) relative to other regimes via the panel multinomial logit approach. Empirical findings are as follows. First, in the full samples case we provide evidence that government is more likely to implement a flexible regime, but less likely to adopt a fixed regime, under a low level of composite and financial risk. Second, we find that Eurozone countries are more likely to choose a fixed exchange rate regime with a decrease in the level of country risk and favor a flexible regime in response to a shock from an increase of risk, which is opposite to non-Eurozone countries. Third, we note that high-risk countries are more likely to choose a fixed regime with a low level of composite and political risk in the government, but do not adjust the exchange rate regime as a shock absorber when facing economic and financial risks. It is interesting to see that those countries with relatively low risk display almost opposite results versus high-risk economies. Overall, we believe that it is critically important to account for political economy variables in a government’s exchange rate policy decisions, especially for country risks. All results are robust to the panel ordered probit model. 相似文献
12.
《Socio》2023
Public bicycle systems have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. The success of this service heavily depends on the topology of the city and on the locations of bike stations in relation to potential demand. In fact, it is primarily important that users find bike stations in convenient locations, sufficiently close both to the origins of their trips and to their destinations, and that each rental station guarantees the availability both of enough bicycles and of enough empty docking slots.This paper proposes a point processes approach to the study of bike-sharing systems, allowing us to quantify and control parameters having a key role in decisions both of strategic and operational type.Differently from previous studies, the point processes approach catches both the interdependence among the stations and the links between spatial and time aspects of the problem.The application of point processes, in particular spatial mixed Poisson processes, to this field requires the statement and proof of an invariance property of such processes under stochastic dependent transformations, that may be of interest also from a theoretical point of view. 相似文献
13.
针时煤炭资源开采造成的严重环境问题提出煤炭绿色开采,在分析绿色开采所面临的技术、市场、政策等风险以及这些风险与复合实物期权种类的对应关系后,结合煤炭绿色开采项目的特点对项目所含的复合实物期权进行设计构造,选取期权价值最大者,以此规避风险,取得最佳的经济效益,环境效益和社会效益. 相似文献
14.
To shed light on the influence of U.S. major trade partners’ currencies on MNCs’ firm values, this study investigates the asymmetric effects and the determinants of appreciated and depreciated economic exposure of the U.S. MNCs. Our empirical results reveal several findings: (1) The influences of exchange rate fluctuation on stock returns vary enormously for different currencies. (2) During the U.S. dollar appreciating period, MNCs benefit very little from this appreciation against major trade partners’ currencies, but most MNCs see harmful impacts from a U.S. dollar appreciation against the Brazilian real. (3) During the U.S. dollar depreciating period, most U.S. MNCs benefit from this depreciation against the European Monetary Union’s euro, Mexican new peso and Brazilian real; however, they overall suffer losses against the Chinese yuan, Japanese yen, and British pound. (4) The level of foreign sales is the key determinant of economic exposure. 相似文献
15.
The Rule of Three (R3) states that 3/ n is an approximate 95% upper limit for the binomial parameter, when there are no events in n trials. This rule is based on the one-sided Clopper–Pearson exact limit, but it is shown that none of the other popular frequentist methods lead to it. It can be seen as a special case of a Bayesian R3, but it is shown that among common choices for a non-informative prior, only the Bayes–Laplace and Zellner priors conform with it. R3 has also incorrectly been extended to 3 being a \"reasonable\" upper limit for the number of events in a future experiment of the same (large) size, when, instead, it applies to the binomial mean. In Bayesian estimation, such a limit should follow from the posterior predictive distribution. This method seems to give more natural results than—though when based on the Bayes–Laplace prior technically converges with—the method of prediction limits, which indicates between 87.5% and 93.75% confidence for this extended R3. These results shed light on R3 in general, suggest an extended Rule of Four for a number of events, provide a unique comparison of Bayesian and frequentist limits, and support the choice of the Bayes–Laplace prior among non-informative contenders. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a first model integrating the relation between biodiversity loss and zoonotic pandemic risks in a general equilibrium dynamic economic set-up. The occurrence of pandemics is modeled as Poissonian leaps in economic variables. The planner can intervene in the economic and epidemiological dynamics in two ways: first (prevention), by deciding to conserve a greater quantity of biodiversity to decrease the probability of a pandemic occurring, and second (mitigation), by reducing the death toll through a lockdown policy, with the collateral effect of affecting negatively labor productivity. The policy is evaluated using a social welfare function embodying society’s risk aversion, aversion to fluctuations, degree of impatience and altruism towards future generations. The model is explicitly solved and the optimal policy described. The dependence of the optimal policy on natural, productivity and preference parameters is discussed. In particular the optimal lockdown is more severe in societies valuing more human life, and the optimal biodiversity conservation is larger for more “forward looking” societies, with a small discount rate and a high degree of altruism towards future generations. Moreover, societies accepting a large welfare loss to mitigate the pandemics are also societies doing a lot of prevention. After calibrating the model with COVID-19 pandemic data we compare the mitigation efforts predicted by the model with those of the recent literature and we study the optimal prevention–mitigation policy mix. 相似文献
17.
本文从界定商业体育赛事以及商业体育赛事经营风险的概念出发,分析了我国商业体育赛事经营风险产生的原因及种类,在此基础上从风险控制和风险转嫁的角度提出了商业体育赛事经营风险的规避措施。 相似文献
18.
现阶段的桥梁风险评估大多集中于设计和施工阶段,但对运营阶段的在役桥梁评估的不够,所以为了评估在役桥梁的风险损失模型,总结出了导致在役桥梁发生风险事件的风险因素,定性的概括了桥梁事故按维修程度的损伤分类。根据资产评估法给出了桥梁结构、附属结构、财产的损失模型,并提出了桥梁重建模型涉及剩余价值及重建成本两项费用。将支付意愿法的不同行业人员的生命价值模型引入了工程风险评估领域。在役桥梁风险损失模型的建立为在役桥梁风险的评估工作提供了帮助,并为今后的在役桥梁风险损失模型的深入研究给予了参考。 相似文献
19.
This paper studies investment in intellectual capital and corresponding value and risk dynamics over the innovation cycle. We assume that the innovation cycle consists of three phases, R&D, trial, and market introduction phases. We use a real option investment model to characterize firm value and risk dynamics over the innovation cycle and find that firm value is the sum of the value of assets in place and non-linear option values related to breakthrough, exit, and market introduction options. Firm risk over the innovation cycle is highly non-linear and quite distinct in different phases. During the R&D phase risk is high as the firm faces high operating leverage originating from R&D fixed costs together with technological uncertainty. During the trial phase risk is significantly lower and dominated by option risk to launch the product in the market while after the introduction of the product in the market risk is equivalent to the asset risk of the company. Our model is consistent with the view that positive excess returns of R&D intensive firms are a compensation for risk. Based on this insight we derive several testable predictions. 相似文献