“对症下药”还是“避重就轻”:环境违规企业补救行为研究

在践行绿色发展理念的背景下,研究环境违规企业补救行为对加强环境治理具有重要意义。文章采用印象管理理论将企业环境违规后用来修复组织形象的策略分为"对症下药"（积极进行绿色创新实现绿色转型）和"避重就轻"（实行其他社会责任转移公众注意力）两方面,将"避重就轻"分为外部社会责任与内部社会责任,利用2013-2017年中国A股上市的制造业企业数据,实证检验环境违规的经济后果以及企业的后续补救方式,并进一步探究其补救行为地区异质性。研究结果表明：环境违规行为会降低企业价值,说明投资者进行投资决策时已逐渐将企业的环境表现纳入考量;但违规企业没有通过绿色创新实现绿色转型,告知公众有关公司环境表现和行为的改变,而是通过加强其他社会责任以转移公众注意力,且更偏向于加强外部社会责任,内部社会责任反而降低了。进一步研究表明环境违规企业"对症下药"行为在西中东三个地区之间并无明显差异,但"避重就轻"行为存在地区异质性,即主要发生在经济较为发达的东部地区。文章提供了环境违规企业重获合法性的可能途径,发现面临合法性压力,企业会选择性参与社会责任。这为深化环境管制成效提供了指引,并在一定程度上揭示了企业社会责任的"伪善"。     

‘Doing-good’ and ‘doing-well’ in Chinese publicly listed firms

Recently, the presumed benefits of corporate social responsibility have become an important issue, especially for China where institutional settings are quite different from other parts of the world. Using an internationally accepted benchmark (OECD's Principles of Corporate Governance, OECD, 2004), this study constructs a corporate social responsibility (CSR) index to measure the quality of the corporate social responsibility practices of the 100 major Chinese listed firms during 2004–2007. This enables us to evaluate the progress of the corporate social responsibility practices of Chinese firms. The results show that Chinese companies have been making progress in their corporate social responsibility practices. The findings also show that market rewards Chinese firms for improving their corporate governance practices which implies ‘doing-good’ leads to ‘doing-well’ in the equity market in China. We also find that overseas-listed and more profitable Chinese firms have better improvement in CSR practice. This study has policy implications in pushing for further CSR initiatives in other emerging markets.     

Implications of the Joint Provision of CSR Assurance and Financial Audit for Auditors' Assessment of Going-Concern Risk

We examine whether the joint provision of corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance services and financial audit by the same audit firm influences auditors' assessment of going-concern risk. We predict that the provision of CSR assurance and financial audit by the same audit firm creates CSR-related knowledge spillovers from the CSR assurance team to the financial audit engagement team, which helps in the auditor's assessment of going-concern risk. Using more than 28,000 firm-year observations from 55 countries, we document that, relative to audit firms that provide only the financial audit, audit firms that provide both CSR assurance and financial audit for the same client (i) issue more frequent going-concern opinions and have lower Type II going-concern errors, (ii) have clients that book larger environmental and litigation provisions, (iii) report earnings that are more persistent and value-relevant and are less likely to book income-decreasing earnings restatements, and (iv) do not charge higher audit fees or total fees. Our results are important especially because of firms' increasing exposure to CSR risks and the growing number of countries that require assurance of CSR reports.     

关于旅游企业履行社会责任的思考

旅游企业履行社会责任对协调社会矛盾、改善行业形象、维护自然和谐有着重要的理论意义和现实价值。文章在阐述旅游企业应承担的环境责任、法律责任、伦理责任和经济责任的基础上,提出了旅游企业应从加强企业法制化建设、完善社会监督机制、多途径承担社会责任、全面赢得市场信任、营造优秀企业文化等方面着手履行社会责任。     

For goodwill or resources? The rationale behind firms' corporate philanthropy in an environment with high economic policy uncertainty

This paper investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the corporate philanthropy (CP) behaviors of firms using a dataset from Chinese A-share listed firms. We find that, on average, firms decrease their CP significantly when economic policy uncertainty increases, but the response is heterogeneous for firms with different ownership types. Compared with their counterparts, private firms are willing to contribute more donations in an environment with high economic policy uncertainty. Further analysis shows that private firms take on more other types of corporate social responsibility at the same time, and private firms' additional CP in a high EPU environment is rewarded with more subsidies, indicating that altruistic and political motives may play important roles in driving the CP behaviors of private firms. There is no evidence that private firms selling products directly to consumers are more likely to engage in additional CP. Our findings indicate that the main motivation behind Chinese private firms' additional CP under high economic policy uncertainty is seeking more government resources, instead of keeping consumers loyal by maintaining good reputations during hard periods.     

政府社会性规制与企业社会责任的契合——以食品行业为例

企业行为的外部性和内部性导致了企业社会责任和经济利益之间的冲突,从而导致企业社会责任的缺失。信息的非对称性使得公众对企业履行社会责任意识还不足以形成足够的约束,对脱离于价格机制之外的外部性和负内部性,必须通过政府社会性规制使不承担社会责任的企业面临受到惩罚的可置信威胁,收敛企业行为域,促使承担社会责任成为企业的自觉行动,进而成为企业提高社会责任的内在动因。     

Do political connections affect corporate poverty alleviation decisions? Evidence from China

Programs to alleviate poverty by corporations are increasingly popular as a new form of corporate social responsibility. This study examines how the political connections of a firm's chairperson are associated with decisions to alleviate poverty based on a sample of listed Chinese firms from 2016 to 2018. We find that the chairperson's political connections increase the probability of participation and the amount of investment in programs to alleviate poverty. This positive relationship is mainly manifested in firms with high agency costs and low regional economic conditions. In addition, the chairperson's political connections are not related to the efficiency of the poverty alleviation program. Politically connected firms receive less government recognition with an increase in investment in poverty alleviation. Our findings are consistent with the notion that firms participate in poverty alleviation programs for reciprocal favor exchanges, but they fail to manage these programs efficiently.     

The Relation between Strategy,CEO Selection,and Firm Performance

We examine whether a firm's strategic priorities influence its selection of a new CEO and what conditions enable such an appointment to add value to the firm. More specifically, this study investigates the value‐adding effect when prospector firms (i.e., those pursuing a prospector‐type strategy) select a CEO with high social capital. We argue that uncertainty, driven by a firm's strategy, will determine the decision to select a CEO with high social capital; such CEOs can use their networks to mitigate the uncertainty and thus can be valuable to the firm. However, prior research indicates that CEOs with high social capital can engage in behavior detrimental to firm value. To mitigate the potential for this to occur, we assess whether corporate governance can play a role in prospector firms who appoint CEOs with high social capital. Drawing on archival data of CEO successions over a 14‐year period, we find that prospector firms have greater incentives to appoint CEOs with high social capital. We also find that prospector firms who appoint a CEO with high social capital improve their performance. Furthermore, the value‐adding effect of this selection choice is stronger in prospector firms with good corporate governance.     

Tax Incentives and Maturity Mismatch between Investment and Financing: Evidence from China

This paper examines the effects of China's accelerated depreciation policy (ADP) on the maturity mismatch between investment and financing. Using panel data for China's A-share nonfinancial listed companies from 2010 to 2019 and a staggered difference-in-differences approach, we found the following. First, ADP significantly aggravated the degree of corporate maturity mismatch, and this result was robust across multiple checks. Second, due to an insufficient long-term loan supply, firms had to finance the fixed investments induced by ADP with short-term debts, leading to maturity mismatches. Third, the positive policy effects were mainly significant for firms with high policy exposure, high-risk preferences, a high degree of information asymmetry, and firms with weak long-term financing capacity. Finally, maturity mismatch exacerbated corporate financial risks. Our research findings indicate that passive maturity mismatch is prevalent among Chinese companies and emphasize the need to address financial repression in order to mitigate the potential financial risks that may arise from tax incentives.     

董事长-总经理异质性对企业碳信息披露水平的影响

碳减排工作已成为世界重点关注的环境问题，而企业作为碳减排的重要主体，碳减排及相关信息披露也就成为各界关注重点。以中国生态文明背景下发布社会责任报告的沪深A股上市公司2014—2018年的数据研究高管地缘关系对于碳信息披露工作的影响。研究发现：高管有相近地缘关系，会显著负向影响企业碳信息披露水平；与非高碳行业相比，高碳行业中高管地缘关系对于碳信息披露水平的影响会受到抑制；在外部制度环境较差、无政府环保补助的企业中，高管地缘关系对于碳信息披露水平的影响依旧存在。同时进一步补充了企业碳信息披露和社会责任文献，并为信息需求者了解和认识碳信息披露现状以及规律提供经验证据，便于其作出投融资和风险管理等决策。     

慈善捐赠行为与企业竞争优势：基于企业社会资本的视角

传统的生产要素对企业竞争力的增强作用显现出了局限性,企业必须寻找新的经济增长点和发展战略。作为承担社会责任的有效方式,企业慈善捐赠逐渐成为获取竞争优势的必然选择。基于企业慈善与竞争优势相关研究,结合企业社会资本各维度的作用,构建出慈善捐赠行为特征-企业社会资本-企业竞争优势概念模型,通过明确慈善捐赠行为特征通过企业社会资本作用于企业竞争优势的各种路径关系,阐明了慈善捐赠行为对企业竞争优势的作用机理,对企业竞争战略的选择具有重要的实践价值和理论意义。     

Investment incentives and the relative demand for skilled labor: Evidence from accelerated depreciation policies in China

This study evaluates the effects of China's 2014 and 2015 accelerated depreciation policies on the relative demand of firms for skilled labor. We develop a simple model to explore how the policies affect the relative demand of firms for skilled labor and illustrate the roles of financing constraints and tax compliance in mediating the policy effects. We then employ a firm-level dataset from China's A-share listed companies and use a quasi-experimental design to examine the model predictions. We find that the policies significantly increase the relative demand of firms for skilled labor. The channels underlying the policy effects are that the policies generate additional cash flow for firms, stimulate investment and, thus, raise the demand of firms for skilled labor with the presence of capital–skill complementarity. We also find that the positive effects of the policies on the relative demand for skilled labor are primarily significant for firms with strong financing constraints and high tax compliance. Moreover, we document the positive effects of the policies on R&D investment, firm value added, productivity, workers' benefits, and corporate social responsibility performance, which further corroborate our main results.     

基于DEA方法的企业环境行为评价指标研究

对企业进行环境信用评价是我国环境保护研究的重要内容。基于我国《企业环境信用评价办法（试行）》,针对目前企业环境评价方法过于主观的问题,创新性的运用数据包络分析（DEA）方法对企业环境行为进行了评价研究,系统构建了企业环境行为评价指标体系。并对海尔公司的相关数据进行了实证分析,得出该企业环境行为虽仍有波动但总体较好的状况,进而提出了相应的改进意见,为相关研究提供了理论依据和实践基础。     

Intensive judicial oversight and corporate green innovations: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

The deterioration of pollution problem has increased environmental disputes. However, little is known about the relationship between intensive judicial oversight and corporate green innovations. Regarding the establishment of environmental courts in China as an almost ideal quasi-natural experiment, this paper identifies the impact and mechanism of environmental courts on corporate green innovations. We find that: (1) environmental courts have a significant positive impact on green innovations. However, by employing instrument variable (IV) strategy to alleviate the endogenous issues, we find environmental courts mainly promote the quantity of green innovations; (2) the positive effect on green innovations is more salient for firms in the industry with high pollution intensity, state-owned enterprises, and firms in regions with stricter mass supervision; (3) environmental courts can improve the efficiency of dealing with environmental disputes and alleviate the collaboration between government and firms. Therefore, it could promote corporate green innovations with the increasing pressure for pollution abatement; (4) environmental courts could cause additional costs to firms, such as crowding out non-green innovations and decreasing corporate TFP in the short term. Meanwhile, the establishment of environmental courts could also achieve specific social welfare effects, which is conducive to improving local environmental quality. This paper provides implications for judicial oversight of regulators on environmental protection.     

CSR in an Asymmetric Duopoly with Environmental Externality

We investigate a linear state differential game describing an asymmetric Cournot duopoly with capacity accumulation á la Ramsey and a negative environmental externality (pollution), in which one of the firms has adopted corporate social responsibility (CSR) in its statute, and therefore includes consumer surplus and the environmental effects of production in its objective function. If the market is sufficiently large, the CSR firm sells more, accumulates more capital, and earns higher profits than its profit‐seeking rival.     

利益相关者视角下民营企业社会责任评价研究——以山西省为例

利益相关者视角下，界定了企业社会责任的评价维度，建立了山西民营企业社会责任评价指标体系。对山西省11个地市的民企进行问卷调研，运用主成分分析和系统聚类法研究了山西民营企业履行社会责任的现状。研究表明：山西民营企业履行社会责任的总体状况一般；政府责任对山西民企的社会责任影响力最大，环境责任影响力最小；山西各地市的民营企业除伙伴责任承担状况差异较小外，其它履责差距较大。     

企业社会责任对品牌个性的影响研究

随着我国综合国力的提升，市场经济得以迅速发展，但在企业不断的发展中，仅仅以经济收益为核心目标的价值观念受到了公众的挑战。同时公众消费呈现越来越个性化特点，使得企业品牌个性在企业各项能力中占据重要地位。进行实证研究指出企业社会责任影响品牌个性，检验了品牌态度在企业社会责任对品牌个性影响中中介作用显著。     

跨国公司绿色战略及对中国的影响

跨国公司绿色战略的选择受到企业内外部若干因素的影响,跨国公司在发展中东道国的绿色战略对本土企业的环境行为和东道国的环境规制都产生影响.在已有环境管理文献基础上,文章提出跨国公司在我国设立子公司和建立全球价值链有利于提高我国企业环境管理水平和环境规制的改善.     

Corporate Social Responsibility or Payoff Asymmetry? A Study of an Endogenous Timing Game

We revisit an endogenous timing game by introducing corporate social responsibility into firms' payoffs. Previous research investigates an endogenous timing game in a mixed oligopoly, wherein one welfare‐maximizing public firm competes against profit‐maximizing private firms. It shows that the outcome is completely different from that of private oligopoly. In contrast to its result, we find that this change in payoff does not matter as long as the payoffs are symmetric. Our result indicates that asymmetry, and not welfare‐concerning objectives, yields specific results in the literature on mixed oligopoly.     

工业企业社会责任、市场关注与绿色技术创新——基于企业规模的调节作用

为探究工业企业社会责任、市场关注度、企业规模与绿色技术创新的内在联系，基于2013—2020年A股上市的工业企业面板数据进行分析，研究结果显示，工业企业社会责任对绿色技术创新的影响存在正向效应，其中市场关注度发挥正向中介效应，企业规模能够强化企业社会责任对绿色技术创新的促进作用，为促进工业企业绿色技术创新提供新的视角和经验证据，也为“双碳”目标的实现提供一定的政策启示。