Fear connectedness among asset classes

This study investigates the interconnection between five implied volatility indices representative of different financial markets during the period 1 August 2008–29 December 2017. To this end, we first perform a static and dynamic analysis to measure the total volatility connectedness in the entire period (the system-wide approach) using a framework recently proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz. Second, we make use of a dynamic analysis to evaluate both the net directional connectedness for each market and all net pairwise directional connectedness. Our results suggest that a 38.99%, of the total variance of the forecast errors is explained by shocks across markets, indicating that the remainder 61.01% of the variation is due to idiosyncratic shocks. Furthermore, we find that volatility connectedness varies over time, with a surge during periods of increasing economic and financial instability. Finally, we also document frequently switch between a net volatility transmitter and a net volatility receiver role in the five markets under study.     

Unconventional monetary policy,liquidity trap,and asset prices

This article offers a fundamental critique of monetary policy implemented in the United States following the 2007–8 global financial crisis. It aims to show that the misunderstanding of the mainstream theoretical thinking underlying monetary policy actions led to the ineffectiveness of the policy response to the 2007–8 global financial crisis. The conventional view that monetary policy is the stabilization tool has serious flaws and is ineffective for bringing about economic recovery. The Federal Reserve’s experiment with the so-called unconventional monetary policy exposed the weakness of the conventional belief in understanding how banks operate, how the monetary authority can influence the yield curve, and how the monetary transmission mechanism works, resulting in prescribing an ineffective treatment to boost economic activity. In this regard, it is argued that the Federal Reserve’s decision to let long-term interest rates be market determined represents a significant self-imposed constraint, which limits policy options regarding monetary policy actions and the effective control of long-term interest rates. By limiting the setting of policy rates only to the overnight interest rate, the ability of the monetary authority to influence long-term interest rates is both weak and indirect.     

金融危机后中国股市波动性结构变化测度及其原因分析

以2005年4月至2010年4月我国沪深300指数为研究对象,使用调整后的EGARCH模型,对金融危机前后中国股市的波动性进行研究。结果显示:金融危机发生后中国股市的波动性明显减弱———这与美国股市明显不同,且波动性结构发生了显著性变化,表现为美国股市对中国股市的影响减弱、中国股市波动的持久性增强等。最后,对产生这些变化的原因进行了理论分析,指出金融危机发生后贸易保护主义抬头、刺激性的宏观经济政策出台是中国股市波动性结构变化的可能原因。     

论利率市场化下的利率互换功能与风险

随着一系列利率改革措施的颁布实施，我国利率市场化进程正在加速。我国已初步建立市场利率形成机制和市场利率体系。利率市场化催生利率互换，利率互换有利于规避利率风险、降低融资成本、资产负债管理和完善利率定价机制。但是，利率互换存在法律和政策风险、基础协议的效力风险、履约风险以及利率本身的风险。     

Nominal and real volatility as determinants of FDI

This article examines the role of country-specific sources of output and interest rate or exchange rate volatility in driving Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) activities. Building on a dataset with bilateral FDI flows among 24 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) economies over the period 1985–2007, we find that nominal and real volatility strongly deter foreign investments. Output and exchange rate volatility matter in particular for the decision whether to invest in a foreign country in the first place. Interest rate volatility mainly influences the amount of foreign investments.     

近代中国的政府公债与金融市场

近代中国政府公债的发行开辟了政府动员国民储蓄的新时代,也为资本市场的发展提供了契机。事实上,公债已经在一定程度上介入了当时的金融市场,成为银行券的发行准备、储蓄存款的保证、银行放款的抵押品、金融业的投资筹码以及维护经济稳定的筹码;公债的交易也推动了近代中国证券市场的发展。然而,文章通过计量分析发现:利率对公债价格没有解释力。这说明政府公债还没有完全与金融市场融为一体,公债价格应该还受到很多非市场因素的影响或制约。1921年和1932年的公债整理对债信的维护具有重要意义,公债收益率的下降则是理性的回归。而法币改革则使政府摆脱了公债的财政制约。     

国内企业使命陈述实证与变迁研究

企业使命陈述在企业文化中有着重要地位。因此,旨在利用九要素理论分析对比国内200强企业中有使命陈述的企业在近10年的使命陈述变化情况,衡量国内企业在企业文化上的成长。     

财务报表合并方法相关问题浅析

20世纪以来,全球范围内掀起了一场又一场的大规模合并浪潮,因此企业对合并的相关会计信息的需求越来越强。那么,企业集团如何把其所能控制的企业的财务信息进行科学的合并,全面、真实地反映整个企业集团的整体财务状况和经营成果信息,通过对财务报表合并方法进行深入分析,从而使合并会计报表反映出的企业集团整体财务状况和经营成果信息更具有相关性和可靠性,进而提高合并报表对报表使用者的决策有用性,已经成为国际会计界亟待研究的课题之一。     

货币政策对房价的影响：一个文献综述

通过文献资料法和比较分析法,评述有关货币政策对房价影响的研究方法与研究结论。研究成果：（1）房价与利率问题正日益受到各界关注;（2）房价与利率的关系,学者之间研究的结论不相同,有的学者认为利率对房价产生影响,有的学者认为利率对房价没有影响。研究启示：货币政策与房价的关系还需进一步研究,调控政策还需要不断地完善。     

The effect of size on prices

We present here an analysis of the effects that the firm's size, in the sense of the quantity of its assets, has on the price charged per asset. We show that the larger the firm is, the higher the price it charges. Our argument is not based on the traditional monopoly power associated with size but rather on the ability to bear risk.     

工业后发地区金融抑制研究——以中西部五省区为例

在我国中西部工业后发地区面临的金融抑制日益凸显的背景下,重点探讨了各种代表性金融机构的经营特点和工业后发地区资金供求的特征,解决工业后发地区金融抑制问题应该采取措施:一是应当在利率市场化的条件下将非正规金融①正规化;二是应对现存的正规金融机构采取适度的金融约束。     

The Covered Interest Parity Puzzle and the Evolution of the Japan Premium

A disturbance or breakdown of the first stage of the monetary transmission mechanism tends to be synonymous with high and volatile money market risk premia. Such market indicators include violations of the covered interest parity (CIP). This was not only evident during the financial crisis of 2007–08, but already during the Japanese banking crisis in the late 1990s, when it became referred to as the “Japan Premium.” Despite extraordinary policy measures by central banks in recent years, however, deviations from the CIP indicate continuing or even elevated stress in the international monetary system. This paper examines a string of distinct, but closely interconnected, assumptions and perceptions regarding CIP arbitrage. By doing so, it not only sheds some fresh light on the recent “CIP puzzle” but also on the era of the Japan Premium during the 1990s and its aftermath.     

The effect of shocks to labour market flows on unemployment and participation rates

This article presents an analysis of labour market dynamics, in particular of flows in the labour market and how they interact and affect the evolution of unemployment rates and participation rates, the two main indicators of labour market performance. Our analysis has two special features. First, apart from the two labour market states – employment and unemployment – we consider a third state – out of the labour force. Second, we study net rather than gross flows, where net refers to the balance of flows between any two labour market states. Distinguishing a third state is important because the labour market flows to and from that state are quantitatively important. Focusing on net flows simplifies the complexity of interactions between the flows and allows us to perform a dynamic analysis in a structural vector-autoregression framework. We find that a shock to the net flow from unemployment to employment drives the unemployment rate and the participation rate in opposite directions while a shock to the net flow from not in the labour force to unemployment drives the rates in the same direction.     

关于推进利率市场化的几个问题

利率市场化是指存货款利率由各商业银行根据资金市场的供求变化来自主调节,中央银行基准利率仅为引导。在我国成为WTO正式成员的今天,在社会主义市场经济体制日益完善的今天,稳步推进利率市场优化为迫切、非常必要。本文从我国稳步推进利率市场化的目标和思路,有利条件和不利因素以及需注意的问题等几个方面,理论联系实际地进行了分析,对当前推进利率市场化有很强的针对性和实际意义。     

Calibration of implied volatility for the exchange rate for the Chinese Yuan from its derivatives

Revised implied volatility curves and surfaces for the Chinese Yuan (CNY) exchange rate are obtained from market quotations for CNY non-deliverable options by solving an inverse problem of foreign exchange option pricing, which is calculated using a regularization approach in an optimal control framework. To take account of the market expectation for the CNY exchange rate, a stochastic adjusted factor is applied that follows a Vasicek model with parameters fitted from market quotations for CNY non-deliverable forwards. A well-posed numerical scheme is implemented.     

我国利率市场化与证券市场动态变迁的分析

在市场经济中,利率市场化对证券金融市场的改革和发展有着重要而深远的意义。目前,我国利率市场化改革已经进入实质性的攻坚阶段由,由实行利率管制逐步演化到利率市场化。探究我国利率市场化与证券市场动态变迁的实质性关系,阐明我国利率市场化作用于证券市场的机制、改革进程及风险防范,对建构科学、健康、有序的证券市场有借鉴意义。     

On the impact of leverage constraints on asset prices and trading volume

Abstract. Researchers have used stylized facts on asset prices and trading volume in stock markets (in particular, the mean reversion of asset returns and the correlations between trading volume, price changes and price levels) to support theories where agents are not rational expected utility maximizers. This paper shows that this empirical evidence is in fact consistent with a standard infinite horizon – perfect information – expected utility economy where some agents face leverage constraints similar to those found in todays financial markets. In addition, and in sharp contrast to the theories above, we explain some qualitative differences that are observed in the price-volume relation on stock and on futures markets. We consider a continuous-time economy where agents maximize the integral of their discounted utility from consumption under both budget and leverage constraints. Building on the work by Vila and Zariphopoulou (1997), we find a closed form solution, up to a negative constant, for the equilibrium prices and demands in the region of the state space where the constraint is non-binding. We show that, at the equilibrium, stock holdings volatility as well as its ratio to stock price volatility are increasing functions of the stock price and interpret this finding in terms of the price-volume relation. We would like to thank the editor and two anonimous referees for valuable substantive comments. Our gratitude also to Franklin Allen, Kerry Back, Domenico Cuoco, Xavier Freixas, Sanford Grossman, Michel Habib, Lutz Hendricks, Richard Kihlstrom, Fernando Restoy, Mary Thomson, Jean-Luc Vila, participants to seminars at Birkbeck College, Carnegie-Mellon, Columbia, ESSEC, HEC, IAE, INSEAD, London Business School, London School of Economics, McGill, Michigan, National University of Singapore, Pompeu Fabra, North Carolina, Washington-St-Louis, Wharton, the Jornadas de Economía Financiera BBV, and the Meetings of the Society for Economic Dynamics and Control and the American Finance Association. Special thanks are due to Süleyman Basak for his enthusiastic support and many helpful suggestions. The usual disclaimer applies. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the BBV and Caja de Madrid Foundations and CREF (both authors) and of the Spanish Ministry of Education under DGICYT grant no. PB93-0388 (first author).     

利率市场化的瓶颈制约分析

本文指出利率市场化的瓶颈制约：国有企业与商业银行的治理结构缺陷、资本市场股权分置与公司债券缺失。深入分析后，给出这些制约的化解建议。     

A possible explanation of the ‘Exchange Rate Disconnect Puzzle’: a common solution to three macroeconomic puzzles?

Meese and Rogoff (1983) and subsequent studies find that economic fundamentals are apparently not able to explain exchange rate movements, but we argue that this so-called ‘Exchange Rate Disconnect Puzzle’ arose because researchers such as Meese and Rogoff (1983) did not use the right fundamentals and because they did not allow for the forward-looking nature of exchange rate determination. Further, because they apparently were not aware that financial markets by themselves could not equalize interest rates across countries, they did not properly appreciate that the exchange rate is strongly influenced by agents’ expectations of aggregated differences in local returns. Thus, we believe that the same underlying explanation provided by Ford (2015) and Ford and Horioka (2016a, 2016b) for the Feldstein-Horioka (1980) Puzzle and the PPP Puzzle – namely that financial markets alone cannot achieve net transfers of financial capital and cannot equalize real interest rates across countries – also helps explain why previous attempts to connect changes in the exchange rate to economic fundamentals have not been successful and so can also be said to contribute to solving the Exchange Rate Disconnect Puzzle.