质量微评

聊聊好校车的标准11月16日,甘肃省庆阳市一辆货车与一辆幼儿园接送校车迎面相撞,事故已造成19名儿童死亡。毫无自护能力的幼儿遭此劫难撕扯着人们的心。校车安全引发网友强烈关注。@刘阿建:据《中国统计年鉴》,中国有19522个镇,如每个镇配两辆40万级别校车,只需要156亿。所以,配校车,不差钱,不用捐款,只需政府从3000亿公车消费中拿156亿出来就足够了。     

高职院校贫困生心理资本与就业能力的相关性研究

高职院校贫困生的心理资本显著低于非贫困生,在专业、年级、是否担任过学生干部等变量上存在显著差异。同时其就业能力在年级和是否担任过学生干部这两个变量上也在显著差异。通过对高职院校贫困生心理资本和就业能力进行相关分析和回归分析发现,贫困生的心理资本与其就业能力存在显著相关,且心理资本的自我效能感、乐观、希望和坚韧性4个维度均对其就业能力具有预测作用,有利于指导我们有针对性的开展教育活动来提升贫困生的就业能力。     

不同性别、年级的本科护生的人文素质状况的差异研究

本研究对不同性别和不同年级的本科护生的人文素质和人文素质教育现状进行了调查,了解本科护生人文素质和人文素质教育的现状,分析本科护生人文素质和人文素质教育的特点,探讨提高人文素质教育的途径.结果显示:不同性别之间、不同年级之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明人文素质状况可能受性别、年级的影响.在人文素质教育方面,不同年级之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明不同年级的学生对人文素质教育有不同的认识,但比例上,整体来看,不同性别、年级之间的人文素质和人文素质教育的整体差异不明显.     

朝鲜族与汉族大学生的大学生活差异性比较研究——“以S等大学调查资料为例”

根据大学生适应性量表(College Adjustment Scales)和人际信任量表(ITS)设计出的大学生的大学生活问卷,对沈北大学城中124名大一至大四年级的在校本科生进行了调查。统计分析得出:(1)大学生适应大学生活的能力普遍良好,在性别维度上存在显著差异(P<0.05),汉族大学生与朝鲜族大学生的朋友圈数存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(2)汉族大学生与朝鲜族大学生的参与活动积极性及组织能力在年级维度上具有显著差异,在组织能力方面,二者存在显著差异。(3)汉族大学生与朝鲜族大学生的心理素质和学习能力存在着显著差异。     

引导幼儿积极参与体育活动的尝试

幼儿是发展的能动的个体而不是被动的接受者，他总是以主体的身份参与各种活动发展自己。体育活动则是幼儿锻炼身体的客观需要，以实现其身体发育和运动能力发展的平衡。因此，无论从《幼儿园工作规程》提出的幼儿园任务，还是从幼儿一日活动内容安排中都将体育活动放在首要位置，而在教育实践中也发现：幼儿能够做什么，不能做什么，主要是由其身体活动的能力及运动能力来决定的。那么，要让幼儿喜欢并积极参加体育活动，就必须创设易产生愉快情绪、成功体验的活动条件及环境。     

基于高职护生实习后临床能力现状的提升对策

高职护生实习后即将毕业面临就业上岗,她们的临床护理基本能力对医院开展优质护理服务至关重要。本文通过调查分析高职护生实习后临床能力现状,针对其薄弱方面制定切实有效的对策,学校和医院双方共同努力培养优秀的护理毕业生。     

美资在华科技研发企业自组织能力研究北大核心

研究美资在华科技企业的自组织能力问题,旨在解决两种经济体在经营理念差异、研发成果输出限制、企业人力资源开发与管理、意识形态论争、民主化输出辩论和核心技术安全性讨论等方面的问题。本文结合国内外中美之间科技研发合作的最新资料,以美资在华研发企业为案例,联系最近一段时期美资在华科技研发投入减少的事实,指出了中美双方在科技研发自组织能力上的差异是导致上述现象出现的主要原因。作为方法论解读,本研究提出了加强中美科技合作、优化美资在华科技研发企业自组织能力的具体方略。     

美资在华科技研发企业自组织能力研究

研究美资在华科技企业的自组织能力问题,旨在解决两种经济体在经营理念差异、研发成果输出限制、企业人力资源开发与管理、意识形态论争、民主化输出辩论和核心技术安全性讨论等方面的问题。本文结合国内外中美之间科技研发合作的最新资料,以美资在华研发企业为案例,联系最近一段时期美资在华科技研发投入减少的事实,指出了中美双方在科技研发自组织能力上的差异是导致上述现象出现的主要原因。作为方法论解读,本研究提出了加强中美科技合作、优化美资在华科技研发企业自组织能力的具体方略。     

房地产企业抗风险能力评估指标体系构建与实证研究

在房地产市场为实现未来房地产企业的可持续发展，对其进行抗风险能力评估至关重要。从盈利能力、清偿能力、成长能力和营运能力四个维度建立房地产企业抗风险能力评估体系，选取15家房地产企业，采用熵权-TOPSIS法对其进行抗风险能力评估。结果表明：总体上从风险等级角度来看，所选房地产企业整体抗风险能力偏弱；从抗风险能力指标四个维度的影响来看，营运能力>盈利能力>清偿能力>成长能力；从企业类型来看，央企和地方国企的抗风险能力较强，私营企业的抗风险能力较弱。房地产企业抗风险能力评价有助于房地产企业开展企业风险预警和风险管理能力建设，提高抗风险能力，同时有助于投资者、消费者规避和降低房地产投资风险。     

基于317护平台的翻转课堂在《护患沟通》课程中的应用

目的：观察317护平台的翻转课堂在《护患沟通》课程中的应用。方法：按随机抽签法将德阳市人民医院80名护理人员分作参考组和试验组(n=40),参考组实施传统教学方式,试验组实施317护平台的翻转课堂进行教学,共同学习《护患沟通》课程,课程结束后,对比两组医护人员的理论、实践、沟通能力评分,以及患者对护理人员工作满意度评分、教学效果及临床综合能力。结果：通过317护平台翻转课堂学习《护患沟通》课程的试验组医护人员各项考核成绩均优于传统教学模式下学习的参考组,P<0.05;且试验组护理满意度评分明显高于参考组,P<0.05;试验组教学效果与临床综合能力较强占比高于参照组,P<0.05。结论：317护平台的翻转课堂可有效优化《护患沟通》课程学习效果,促进护患关系,提高护理满意度及学生临床综合能力,值得研究应用。     

Heterogeneous effects of child disability on maternal labor supply: Evidence from the 2000 US Census

Previous research has documented a negative relationship between child disability and maternal labor supply. Because of data limitations, most studies in this literature use broad measures of disability, which may obscure important differences among children with limiting health conditions. This paper presents new evidence on the labor supply of women with disabled children, exploiting disability information provided by 2000 US Census. This large nationally representative sample allows us to test for differences across different types of disabling conditions. We find that accounting for this heterogeneity in conditions is important. Using a broad definition of disability results in small differences between women with and without a disabled child. When we use a more detailed classification, we find larger labor supply reductions for mothers of children with physical disabilities or limitations in their ability to care for themselves. There is less evidence that having a child with either mental or emotional limitations or a sensory impairment is negatively related to employment or weekly hours. We also test for heterogeneous effects related to child age and maternal education. We find no clear pattern with respect to age and some evidence that the relationship between child disability and maternal labor supply is stronger for less educated mothers.     

运用员工差异化管理提高企业创新能力

企业员工是有差别的,要有效发挥员工的作用,必须重视差异化管理,因人而异、因人制宜、因势利导、因人成事,注重让员工在企业日常生产经营中解决现实问题,从而提高企业创新能力。     

Only words matter? The effects of cognitive abilities on commercial insurance participation

We examine the relationship between cognitive abilities and commercial insurance participation. Using data from the Chinese Family Panel Study, we find that average cognitive ability has a significantly positive impact on commercial insurance participation. However, this influence comes mainly from literacy ability, indicating that the literal meaning of the words plays a major role. Additionally, trust level can also affect the impacts of cognitive abilities on commercial insurance participation. Specifically, residents with lower trust levels are less likely to use their cognitive abilities to process information and make commercial insurance purchasing decisions. Moreover, we identify the supplementary effect of economic and managerial knowledge on cognitive abilities.     

Unfinished Business: The Persistence of Child Labor in the US

Among historians it has become customary to acknowledge that children have always worked. That is, before industrialization children worked, but their work was not deemed a social problem. With industrialization, however, child labor came to be condemned as morally repugnant, economically foolhardy, and socially destructive. Reform efforts were mobilized and, after protracted struggle, children were effectively dispelled from the mines, mills, and factories. Problem solved-or at least we wished to think so. Unfortunately, the US accommodation with child labor was incomplete, and so, child labor persists in pockets of American society. In recent years there has been a growing recognition that many children work, and do so at very young ages. Not only have children always worked, but they continue to do so today.This essay assesses residual child labor problems in the US today. It asks why, when the US made its accommodation to child labor in mines, mills, and factories, we failed to adequately address child labor in other sectors, thus paving the way for continued problems in agriculture, street trades, sweatshops, and elsewhere in our economy.     

Response Effects in Surveys on Children and Adolescents: The Effect of Number of Response Options,Negative Wording,and Neutral Mid-Point

Social researchers increasingly survey children and young adolescents.They are convinced that information about perspectives, attitudes, and behaviors of childrenshould be collected from the children themselves. Methodological expertise on surveying childrenis still scarce, and researchers rely on ad-hoc knowledge from fields such as child psychiatry and educationaltesting, or on methodological knowledge on surveying adults. Regarding adults, empirical evidenceshows that respondent characteristics (cognitive abilities) as well asquestion characteristics (question difficulty) affect response quality.This study reports on a methodological survey experiment on theeffect of negatively formulated questions, the number of response options and offeringa neutral midpoint as response option question characteristics on the reliability of theresponses, using children and young adolescents as respondents.The study shows no effects of negatively formulated questions onthe reliability measures, although children respond consistently differently on negativelyformulated questions than on positively formulated questions. Taking all results on the effectsof number of response options and offering a neutral midpoints on the different reliabilitymeasures into consideration; it would appear that offering about four responseoptions is optimal with children as respondents.     

Analysis of children’s interest in books and their reading levels depending on the education status of family

The reading rate is an important indicator of the development level of a country. The fundamental condition of being a developed country is having a sufficiently educated workforce, which, in turn, is directly related to reading abilities and habits. In modern society, which has been termed the “information age”, the fastest way to acquire knowledge is through reading. Reading habits are initially formed within the family. Subsequently, the desired reading objectives can be achieved through the positive contribution of the school and the child’s environment. A child with developed reading skills will have the targeted accumulation of knowledge and will be suitably positioned to attain success in their future education and professional lives. The ability to reach this objective easily is directly related to the guidance and encouragement of families in this regard. The results of this study indicate that there is a strong correlation between the levels of education of parents in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the reading habits that are given to children. For example, the results revealed that the children of 27 families with university and higher education levels read a total of 115 books, which is an average of 4.25 books per child on a monthly basis, whereas this figure was found to be 42 books, or an average of 1.82 in the 23 families with an education at high school level or below. The general purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the reading habits of children and the education levels of their parents as well as the level of awareness of families in this respect. This is a qualitative study. The aim is to obtain in-depth and detailed data. The research is based on a case study, which is a qualitative research model. The examined case is that of North Cyprus.     

Career priorities within dual career households: an analysis of the impact of child rearing upon gender participation rates and earnings

The impact of child rearing upon male and female participation rates and earnings within 130 dual career households is investigated. Female participation rates and earnings in households with children are significantly lower than both comparable males and females without children. No significant gender differences exist in pay in childless households.     

School calendars,child care availability and maternal employment

A year-round calendar redistributes schools days around the year. This paper studies how this redistribution of school days, and therefore child care days available through school, affects maternal employment. The presence of year-round calendars in a district could be correlated with other district level attributes that might affect female employment rates. I therefore use a differencing method that compares the influence of district year-round enrollment on the employment rates of women with school-aged children relative to women whose eldest child is pre-school-aged. Unobserved district factors should affect employment rates of women with school-aged and pre-school-aged children similarly, yet only women with school-aged children should be directly impacted by school calendar. I find that redistributing child care days available through school into shorter intervals over time negatively impacts maternal employment. Among those women with school-aged children, those also having pre-school-aged children have the hardest time adjusting to differences in existing availability.     

儿童发展心理学探讨

儿童孤独感与同伴关系的研究是儿童发展心理学领域的重要课题之一。孤独感是一种消极的,弥漫性的心理状态,儿童长期处于此状态会导致适应不良。国外对孤独的研究比较多,我国对孤独的研究最近十几年来发展比较快。综合国内外的研究资料发现:研究对象年龄跨度不平衡,针对老年人的研究比较多,对青少年和儿童的研究比较少。本研究便是以儿童为研究对象展开的。     

谈如何培养幼儿正确的身体姿势

幼儿时期是从1到6岁,这个时期的孩子正是孩子的成长关键时期。培养孩子的正确姿势,有利于以后孩子有一个健康的身体和良好的素质。因此,培养孩子正确的坐姿,是社会及家长应及早注意的一个问题。