组合赋权法在软件项目风险评估中的应用研究

针对软件项目风险评价问题,提出了一种多属性决策方法。应用模糊层次分析法确定属性的主观权重和熵法确定属性的客观权重,并把客观权重和主观权重综合,使得到的综合权重同时反映主观和客观程度。最后的实例说明该方法是可行、有效的。     

小企业财务指标权重熵权法的运用

指标权重的确定方法主要有两类：一类是主观赋权法,其根据各指标对综合评价值确定的重要性,即根据各指标自身价值的重要性来确定指标的权重。另一类是客观赋权法,其根据各指标的实际观察值所提供的信息量大小来确定各指标的权重。主观赋权法能够充分体现指标自身价值的重要性,但不能体现各指标在具体被评价对象上的实际观察值。而客观赋权法能客观地体现各指标在被评价对象上的实际观察值,但不能体现各指标自身价值的重要性。     

基于群决策的供应商选择方法研究

针对供应链管理下的供应商选择问题,给出了一种多属性群决策方法。在采用主观赋权法确定专家权重和客观赋权法确定属性权重基础上,引入专家权重客观调整方法,使决策结果更合理。最后以算例说明该方法可行性和有效性。     

粗糙集应用于功能评价系数的确定

价值工程的功能评价系数已有多种传统确定方法,并应用于实践。但这些方法都反映了决策者对功能属性的主观判断。把粗糙集理论引入价值工程中,根据粗糙集理论的属性重要度来确定功能属性的权重,克服了传统方法确定权重的主观性,所得结果与传统方法相比,更为合理和更为客观。     

基于信息熵的港口物流能力模糊综合评价

提出了基于信息熵的模糊综合评价模型,这种模型避免了主观权重的不完整性,将人工经验的主观权重和由信息熵确定的客观权重结合起来进行模糊综合评价,更能科学、全面地对港口物流能力进行评价,从而为港口物流能力的提高提供决策依据。     

群体AHP法在确定工程设计方案评价指标权重的应用

利用群体AHP法来确定工程设计方案评价指标权重,可以得到全面的评价结果。文中将决策者的权重分成主观和客观权重,并归结为决策者的最终权重,最后基于各决策者评价指标权重通过最终权重计算得到工程设计方案评价指标权重。     

基于信息熵的港口物流能力模糊综合评价

提出了基于信息熵的模糊综合评价模型,这种模型避免了主观权重的不完整性,将人工经验的主观权重和由信息熵确定的客观权重结合起来进行模糊综合评价,更能科学、全面地对港口物流能力进行评价,从而为港口物流能力的提高提供决策依据.     

仓单质押融资业务风险识别及熵权法评估研究

仓单质押是第三方物流企业向金融领域延伸的一种创新服务方式,针对融资业务中风险识别和规避,建立了合理的指标评价体系,并采用熵权法对各项指标确定了科学的、客观的权重。案例计算表明,客观的权重完全取决于收集到的原始数据;通过多种方法确定的权重的结合可以避免某种不完全的原始数据带来的片面性;而客观权重与主观权重的结合,可以起到调节作用。     

折衷型模糊多属性决策方法在页岩气开发中的应用

为了建立页岩气目标优选体系,采用了折衷型模糊多属性决策模型进行研究。根据页岩气自身的性质及开发条件提取了14个指标,并运用层次分析法确定权重。将指标数据用三角形模糊数来表达,构建模糊决策矩阵。之后计算评价单元与模糊正负理想之间的距离,计算隶属度来进行模糊优选决策。最后以实际区域进行验证,结果与实际情况相符。     

基于优势关系的粗糙集应用研究

目前,在价值工程系数评价方面所具有的确定方式已经有较多种,并能够较好地应用到实践当中。对于这部分方式来说,其都能够对决策者的属性判断进行良好的反映。通过价值工程中粗糙集理论的引入,则能够根据其属性重要性对对相关功能属性的权重情况进行确定,同传统方式相比,其不仅能够对权重确定的主观性进行克服,也能够获得更为客观的处理效果。在本文中,将就基于优势关系的粗糙集应用进行一定的研究。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。