软实力视域下美国民主输出与我国意识形态安全研究

尽管美国视民主为其软实力的源泉,但美国向外推广民主的实践却导致了美国软实力的衰退。美国向世界输出民主的动机在于追求国家利益。"标准不一"暴露出美国对于民主原则的支持既虚伪又矛盾。从伊拉克、叙利亚等饱受战争蹂躏的国家涌入欧洲的难民大潮明证了美国民主输出的危害性。巨大的危害性和美式民主普世性的"光环"构成了软实力视域下美国民主输出的悖论。民主输出是美国的外交战略,威胁着发展中国家的意识形态安全。高校学生易受西方意识形态的负面影响,我国高校必须采取有效措施筑牢意识形态安全防线。     

解析小布什执政时期美国软实力的变迁

因其在发展中国家激发梦想和愿望的能力无人能比,美国一直拥有最强大的软实力。以追求霸权利益为目的,美国武力向外推行民主的外交政策和民主移植给目标国造成的破坏性后果激起了广泛的反美主义浪潮。世界高涨的反美情绪减弱了美国的软实力,而这正是美国引领世界所必需的。一轮接一轮的民意测验表明,美国的软实力已经衰退,尤其是在伊斯兰世界。理想主义的小布什把推进民主放在美国外交政策的优先地位,其受挫的教训把奥巴马引向了"巧实力"外交战略。     

从政治文化视角解析美国软实力的衰退

美国软实力的衰退突显了美国政治文化价值观与其对外政策之间的矛盾和裂痕。美国所宣扬的政治文化是美国软实力的核心。如果美国的践行与其所宣扬的政治文化的核心价值不相符,美国的软实力就会下降。小布什政府用武力把民主强加给伊拉克不具合法性。伊拉克战争给伊拉克人民造成了灾难性后果,也给美国的软实力造成了负面影响。美国民主输出的动机主要在于追求霸权利益。     

2000-2010美国软实力研究

在美国软实力研究领域,约瑟夫.奈一直是领军人物。2000—2010十年间美国软实力的发展轨迹颇具研究意义。向别国推行民主是小布什政府外交战略的主要建筑模块,但向中东推进民主的实践不仅代价昂贵而且损害了美国的形象。根据皮尤研究中心所做的国际民调数据,小布什执政时期美国的软实力总体上趋于明显下降。相比之下,奥巴马政府借助巧实力战略在一定程度上提升了世人对美国的信任度。     

美国民主输出的悖论

新世纪以来美国的形象和影响力在明显下滑。西方的民主干预是肆虐中东大部的混乱的根源。以追求霸权利益为目的,美国向国外进行的民主输出给目标国造成了严重的破坏。美国过高地估计了军事力量的作用,过低地估量了被迫民主化的负面结果。美国的软实力与美国践行的民主输出之间存在着相悖的关系。     

基于政治文化视角的美国软实力SWOT分析

对美国软实力的SWOT分析就是分析美国软实力的强势( Strength)、弱势( Weakness)、机会( Opportunity)与威胁( Threats)。美国的政治文化是美国软实力的核心。强大的硬实力是美国软实力的坚实基础，加强了美国政治文化的吸引力。美国助推的全球化过程使得国际社会的各个领域都渗透着美国的软实力资源。美式民主制度的弊端及美国民主输出对目标国造成的恶果削弱了美国的软实力。美国提升软实力的机会在于改革自身并惠及他人。美国软实力的威胁是美国自身的霸权主义。     

论构建和谐企业文化

党的十七大报告中第一次提出了"文化软实力"的概念,并将"提高文化软实力"提升到了国家战略的高度。什么是软实力?"软实力"概念是由美国著名政治学家哈佛大学教授约     

从政治文化视角对美国软实力的认知研究——兼谈社科基金项目论证书的撰写

软实力是社科基金课题指南中的热点话题。政治文化是一国被广泛认同的信念、价值观和规范的有机结合,它决定了公民与政府以及公民之间的关系。了解美国的政治文化有助于理解其政府及政要的政治决策。自由、机会平等、民主、个人主义、法制、民族主义和资本主义是美国政治文化的主要元素。美国的政治文化是美国软实力的核心。美国的政治文化价值观与其外交实践之间存在着明显裂痕,这种裂痕是导致小布什执政时期美国软实力下降的主要因素。     

浅析美国军事工业综合体的发展历程及启示

美国是当今世界秩序的主宰者,自冠为"世界警察",为了所谓的人权与民主,不断的制造地区紧张局势,对外输出战争也成为常态。同时,美国是世界上武器出口最多的国家,2010年44家美国军火商占据了超过全球60%的市场份额。本文将研究美国军事工业综合体的形成历程、实质及对美国政治经济的影响,以期对我国发展强大独立的军工产业提供经验的借鉴和启示     

传媒软实力创新路径探析

党的十七大报告提出要"激发全民族文化创造活力,提高国家文化软实力"。传媒是文化产业的核心,对经济、政治和文化有着重要的影响,已成为一种重要的软实力。报刊作为纸质传媒的中坚力量,面对网络等新兴媒体的挑战,只有从战略、机制、内容、形式等方面不断创新,提升自己的软实力,才能与时俱进,为提升文化软实力作出自己的贡献。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.