珠三角经济区域港口物流与区域经济协调发展实证分析

运用定性与定量相结合的方法,在分析区域港口物流对区域经济发展的作用与影响的基础上,对珠三蜀经;齐区域港口物流与区域增长的关系进行数量经济分析．探寻港口物流与区域经济发展的关系及规律,以利于正确认识区域港口物流能力建设如何适应区域经济增长需要、与区域经济发展水平协调匹配。     

The implementation of the Wroclaw taxonomic method for the identification and evaluation of problem areas in the Warmia and Mazury Region in Poland – A case study

Problem areas are targeted by regional policy. The type and scope of spatial conflicts are analyzed to determine the most appropriate spatial planning measures. In this study, a problem area was defined as an integral spatial unit which is characterized by growth barriers, accumulation of negative phenomena, untapped resources and potential, and where support measures are required to promote growth and eliminate the existing obstacles to development. This study identifies and analyzes problem areas in the Region of Warmia and Mazury in Poland based on counties as the main taxonomic unit. For the needs of the analysis, it was assumed that problem areas are characterized by a high prevalence of adverse demographic and/or socioeconomic phenomena which constitute growth barriers and prevent these areas from harnessing their potential and the local resources. Spatio-functional parameters were taken into consideration to comprehensively describe spatial conditions in the analyzed region. Spatial variations were analyzed with the use of the Wrocław taxonomic method, where demographic, socioeconomic and spatio-functional criteria were evaluated separately. The Wrocław taxonomic method has never been described in English-language academic papers. According to research, areas with the greatest accumulation of socioeconomic and demographic problems in the Region of Warmia and Mazury are situated along the Polish border. The results can be used in the process of setting directions for development and implementing remedy measures at the regional level.     

区域自然资本与自然资本持续度评价——以北京市为案例

自然资本时区域的可持续发展起着重要的支撑作用,因此如何有效地对区域内的自然资本进行度量,进而得到区域的自然资本可持续度可以为区域可持续发展提供有效的决策支持.本文以北京市为案例,采用能值分析方法对其自然资本存量及自然资本持续度进行评价,结果是:土壤有机质资产为156.539亿元;植物生物量资产为2596亿元;动物生物量资产为168亿元;水资源资产为3亿元;矿产资源资产为7343亿元;自然资产总额为10267.89亿元.北京市的自然资本的持续度为0.7586.     

PERSONAL AND REGIONAL DETERMINANTS OF OUT‐MIGRATION FROM METROPOLITAN AREAS IN JAPAN

In this study, we focus on migration from metropolitan to outside areas in Japan, and quantitatively examine the personal and regional determinants of this process. At the regional level, our results show that the determinants of migration differ depending upon whether migration occurs from smaller to larger cities or vice versa. In the case of migration from larger to smaller cities, the residential environment beyond the metropolitan area is more important than employment opportunities. At the personal level, we analyzed the differences among the determinants of migration, looking at migrants according to age categories and based on their motivations for migrating. The main factors encouraging migration comprised opportunities for employment, education, and marriage.     

Rational and polynomial lags: The finite connection

This article demonstrates that, for a finite distributed lag, the polynomial distributed lag (PDL) approximation suggested by Almon is a special case of the rational lag method formalized by Jorgenson. The proof relies upon the fact that the PDL estimator imposes differencing restrictions upon the parameters while rational lag methods impose quasi-differncing restrictions. Because of this relationship, the PDL restrictions are nested inside the rational lag ones, and this provides for a sequence of tests to discriminate between the two. An example is performed and an appendix describes an asymptotically efficient two-step estimator.     

THE ROLE OF SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS IN MULTIPLIER ANALYSIS

Multiplier analysis based upon the information contained in Leontief's inverse is undoubtedly part of the core of the input–output methodology and numerous applications and extensions have been developed that exploit its informational content, both at the national and regional levels. Nonetheless there are some implicit theoretical assumptions whose policy implications need to be assessed. This is the case for the ‘excess capacity’ assumption, which implies that resources are available as needed to adjust production to new equilibrium states. In an actual economy, however, new resources are often scarce and always costly. When supply constraints intervene, the assessment of the effects of government demand policies may be substantially different from that of the standard Leontief multiplier matrix. Using a closed general equilibrium model that incorporates supply constraints, we perform some simple numerical exercises and proceed to derive two ‘constrained’ multiplier matrices, based upon the implicit Jacobian matrix, that can be compared with the standard ‘unconstrained’ Leontief matrix.     

CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI-REGIONAL INPUT–OUTPUT TABLES USING THE CHARM METHOD

Subnational multi-regional input–output tables (IOT) are important tools for studying interregional socio-economic and/or environmental interrelations that help to address a wide range of current societal, ecological and economic challenges. However, the lack of subnational input–output data is a major obstacle which leads to a wide use of non-survey methods. Like other non-survey methods, the cross-hauling adjusted regionalization method (CHARM) was originally developed for the construction of single-regional IOT. In this paper, we extend CHARM to the case of bi- and multi-regional IOT. We find that the original CHARM formula has two limitations that are also of great importance for the single-regional case: First, cross-hauling in interregional trade is implicitly set to zero and, second, accounting balances may be violated owing to structural differences between the regional and national economies. We present a modified formula addressing these issues and examine its performance in terms of a case study.     

Spatial Growth Regressions: Model Specification,Estimation and Interpretation

Abstract

We attempt to clarify a number of points regarding use of spatial regression models for regional growth analysis. We show that as in the case of non-spatial growth regressions, the effect of initial regional income levels wears off over time. Unlike the non-spatial case, long-run regional income levels depend on: own region as well as neighbouring region characteristics, the spatial connectivity structure of the regions, and the strength of spatial dependence. Given this, the search for regional characteristics that exert important influences on income levels or growth rates should take place using spatial econometric methods that account for spatial dependence as well as own and neighbouring region characteristics, the type of spatial regression model specification, and weight matrix. The framework adopted here illustrates a unified approach for dealing with these issues.     

Multiobjective programming with related bargaining games An application to utility coal conversions

A method is developed using n-person game theory together with multiple objective programming and is applied to aid-regional decisions on utility coal conversions. Converting oil fired electric utilities to coal is seen as being of great strategic importance. There are, however, many impediments to utility coal conversions including costs and environmental restrictions. The method developed is used to find workable solutions to this problem which are evaluated based upon measures of economic efficiency, environmental degradation and distributive equity. Using these methods, policy makers, planners and administrators can determine solutions that will aid in the resolution of regional conflicts.     

ASSESSING THE REGIONAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DEFENSE ACTIVITIES: A SURVEY OF METHODS

Defense activities exercised in a specific region may alter the region's economic performance. An accurate assessment of the potential economic impacts of defense activities is a valuable undertaking to enable regional planners to prepare for changes. The variety in the methods (among others, input–output models, economic base models, Keynesian regional multipliers, fixed‐effects estimators, and case‐study approaches) inspired by geography, sociology, and political science can pose a dilemma. We detail the historical and theoretical background of each method, as well as select exemplary cases where these methods were applied. By examining old and “new” methods, we aim to construct a typology that could be valuable to all stakeholders. In this sense, defense economics can also contribute to the allied social sciences by outlining evaluation methods that may be applicable to other fields.     

The Flemish government's responsibility for local government modernization

Abstract

Throughout Western Europe, local government is modernized. Central and regional governments carry responsibility for this modernization because they decide upon its nature. However, this responsibility reaches out further since a higher-level government also carries responsibility for the success of its modernization at the local level. The article unravels this responsibility for local government modernization in the case of the Flemish government. As a result of Belgian state reform, this government counts today as the most important higher-level government from the viewpoint of local government in Flanders.     

浅析国内主要城市标准化工作激励政策

文章从区域分布、内容、评价方式等方面介绍了周内主要城市标准化工作的激励政策,并对典型城市进行了案例分析,以期对各地出台新的激励政策提供借鉴和启示。     

Spatial risk assessment in case of multiple nuclear release scenarios

This paper presents an approach aimed at assessing multiple criteria spatial risk, where several methods are used for decision aiding purposes, with an application on marine nuclear releases. The case study simulates a post-accident analysis evaluating the impact upon the bay of Toulon of an accidental nuclear release. The problem is characterized by the presence of spatial features, multiple criteria describing the involved assets and uncertainties represented through multiple release scenarios and their corresponding probabilities.     

Measuring Regional Economic Resilience across Europe: Operationalizing a complex concept

This paper describes an approach developed to measure regional economic resilience across Europe which is novel in three key dimensions. Firstly, it seeks to date regional downturns as opposed to assuming that all regional economies are affected by economic shocks at the same point in time; secondly, it measures the amplitude and duration of economic downturns and subsequent recoveries; and thirdly, as well as measuring recovery, it measures the resistance of regional economies to economic shocks. The paper applies this methodology to selected European countries to provide an analysis of differential regional responses to several economic shocks since the early 1990s. The paper then reflects upon the utility of this methodology for operationalizing regional economic resilience in cross-comparative studies.     

The emergence of migration theory and a suggested new direction

Abstract. The literature on internal labour migration is surveyed using a fourfold taxonomic scheme. The potential migrant, as presented in the existing literature, can be viewed as a supplier of labour, an investor in human capital and a consumer of regional amenities such as public goods. The paper develops a fourth approach which treats the household, rather than the individual, as the migrating unit and which views the potential migrant as a producer of home produced commodities. The continuities as well as the contrasts between the four approaches are discussed in the paper.     

The process of regionalization: An appropriate conceptual and methodological approach

Socioeconomic planning often necessitates the development of a set of areal units. This spatial component of planning is regionalization, and it must be conceptually and methodologically compatible with its purpose. Many elements common to most traditional procedures (continguity constraints, predetermination of the number or size of regions, and mutual exclusivity of regions) jeopardize the validity of the regionalization. An alternative approach, factorial regionalization, produces intuitively meaningful regional types without imposing unrealistic constraints upon the regional landscape. In addition to being more objective, the procedure yields a greater amount of information than traditional methods. This in turn allows more flexibility in interpreting and employing the results of the regionalization.     

Several efficient two-step estimators for the dynamic simultaneous equations model with autoregressive disturbances

Several asymptotically efficient methods are suggested on both the full and the limited information approach to estimate the simultaneous equations model in which the lagged endogenous variables and the autoregressive disturbances coexist. They are two-step procedures and do not involve iterations. A method is suggested also for the case where any portion of the autoregressive parameter matrix is specified to be zero. Since the consistency and efficiency depend upon the asymptotic, local identifiability, the necessary and sufficient condition is derived for it. It does not depend on the exclusion of the lagged endogenous variables.     

Fast Parallels? Contesting Mobile Policy Technologies

This article extends recent examinations of incomplete or disrupted policy mobility by examining the politically volatile case of policies to manage the regional impacts of decarbonization in Australia. The article's extended case study shows how political interests differently incorporated figments of circulating policy into longstanding debates and how more‐than‐local political networks defeated an antipolitical, technocratic exercise in ‘new regional’ governance. ‘Follow the policy’ methods could not have revealed the complexities of this case. The article concludes that mobilities approaches need to be more attentive to institutional arrangements, to the contested politics of policy formation and to the ambiguities of perceived policy likenesses. This case highlights the importance of considering how antipolitical institutional architectures facilitating policy mobility relate to established political power networks.     

Bayesian Enhancement of Speech and Audio Signals which can be Modelled as ARMA Processes

In application areas which involve digitised speech and audio signals, such as coding, digital remastering of old recordings and recognition of speech, it is often desirable to reduce the effects of noise with the aim of enhancing intelligibility and perceived sound quality. We consider the case where noise sources contain non-Gaussian, impulsive elements superimposed upon a continuous Gaussian background. Such a situation arises in areas such as communications channels, telephony and gramophone recordings where impulsive effects might be caused by electromagnetic interference (lightning strikes), electrical switching noise or defects in recording media, while electrical circuit noise or the combined effect of many distant atmospheric events lead to a continuous Gaussian component.
In this paper we discuss the background to this type of noise degradation and describe briefly some existing statistical techniques for noise reduction. We propose new methods for enhancement based upon Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. Signals are modelled as autoregressive moving-average (ARMA); while noise sources are treated as discrete and continuous mixtures of Gaussian distributions. Results are presented for both real and artificially corrupted data sequences, illustrating the potential of the new methods.     

Wage equations,wage curves and all that

This paper is concerned with the relationship between wages and unemployment. Using UK regions and individuals as the basis for our analysis, the following questions are investigated. First, is the wage equation a relationship between unemployment and wages or wage changes? Second, can we identify the relationship completely by looking at regional wages and regional unemployment or do regional wages depend on aggregate unemployment as well? Third, can we identify an upward sloping cross-section relationship between wages and unemployment corresponding to a zero migration condition? Finally, are wages influenced only by the current state of the labour market or do contracts lead to wages depending on labour market conditions in the last boom or upon entry into the job?