浅析工程建设项目施工索赔

施工索赔,是指由于业主或其他有关方面的过失或责任,使承包方在工程施工中增加了额外的费用,承包方根据合同条款的有关规定,以合法的程序要求业主或其他有关方面偿还在施工中所遭受的损失.索赔管理以其本身花费较少、经济效果明显而受到承包商的高度重视.承包商索赔的成效如何,是与承包商的索赔策略和诸多相关因素密切相关的.     

公路工程合同履行过程中的变更索赔

引起工程变更的原因很多,有业主、设计、监理及承包商提出工程变更,也有其他自然条件方面的原因造成工程变更。当业主和承包商对变更的费用和工期调整未能取得一致时,工程变更就演变为工程索赔。本文结合公路工程施工管理实践,对合同变更与索赔的管理方法进行了讨论。     

石油长输管道总承包工程的采购风险管理分析

对于石油长输管道总承包采购来说,由于具有较大的采购量、费用高、管理环节繁杂,使得采购中或多或少存在着一些风险,这些风险既有可能是因为外部条件所引发的,也有可能是内部管理因素所引发的。因此必须要针对当前石油长输管道总承包工程的采购风险因素进行分析,提出相应行之有效的采购风险管理防范措施,才能有助于石油管道工程承包商采购风险的降低,确保承包商所承担的项目质量、工期和成本目标实现的重任,为承包商的利益获取提供重要保障。     

工民建工程投标文件的质量评定之管见

在建设工程中进行招标与投标是当前国内和国际一贯采用的办法,目的是为了选择更适合该项目工程的承包商,以求为业主在时间与费用上做到最大限度的节省。本文将对投标文件的质量评定要点进行简要分析。     

做好工程竣工结算审核工作的思考

一项建设工程完工后,经业主及工程质量监督部门验收合格,在交付使用前,由承包商根据合同价格和实际发生的费用增减等情况进行编制,并经业主或其委托人审核签订的,以表达该项工程最终造价的行为。结算书作为结算工程价款依据的经济文件,因此,业主和承包商都十分重视这一环节的工作。工程造价咨询单位在受业主或财政,审计部门委托工程造价时,应在总体及各实施步骤中,做好相关技术工作地做好这项工作。     

加强建筑工程费用索赔的几点思考

在建筑工程施工中，承包商和业主的关系是一种合同关系，索赔的情况经常发生，不仅可以直接为索赔方带来经济效益，还可以促进双方认真地履行工程承包合同。本文就对建筑工程费用索赔相关内容进行了阐述。     

浅析基础建设中的工程索赔

在经济活动中,索赔是合同的一方向另一方提出不归责于己的原因造成合同外费用支出的赔偿要求.索赔是一种正当的权利要求,同守约并不矛盾.恪守合同是业主和承包商的共同义务,只有坚持守约才能保证合同的正常执行.     

浅谈国际工程管理中的施工成本控制

一、概述近年来,随着国际工程承包市场的竞争日趋激烈,承包商的利润空间越来越小。要求承包商不断提高国际项目管理水平,施工成本控制就是重要的途径。施工成本控制必须按照科学的实施步骤,以合同施工成本、预算定额或项目实物消耗定额作为标准来约束实际的施工成本支出;处理好施工成本和控制费用间的关系;做好定额标准、材料管理和原始记录制度等施工成本控制的基础工作。     

冶炼厂总承包项目的费用控制研究

冶炼厂项目建设,因其涉及专业管理人员需求多、专利技术多、建设周期长短适宜,所以近年的项目建设,越来越多的采用EPC总承包模式,这样达到建设单位省心、省钱、省时的目的,在项目建设中,总承包商可以通过成本目标管理法,有效控制工程费用控制,达到效益最大化目的。     

长期建造合同如何确认与计量

长期建造合同的交易需要较长的时间才能完成。在此期间,由于客观因素的变化,其收入和费用具有很大的不确定性,因此,承包商应合理地确认与计量长期建造合同,关键在于合理把握与建造合同相关的风险与报酬的转移程度并及时加以确认;选择正确的计量方法。     

Fuel-efficient stoves for Darfur: The social construction of subsistence marketplaces in post-conflict settings

This paper explores the development of market roles and transactions in fuel-efficient stoves in Darfur from 1997 to 2008 as a grounded example of how subsistence markets are socially constructed in post-conflict settings. Using a combination of archival texts, interviews, and real-time discourses by protagonists, this study explains the who, what, why and how of emergent marketplaces by showing how development interventions come to imbue market participants and transactions with socially (re)constructed meanings. The fitful emergence of subsistence marketplaces for fuel-efficient in Darfur is punctuated by development interventions which at times under- or misrepresent market participants and by successes and failures in bringing together trainers, producers, sellers, consumers and users of fuel-efficient stoves. Subsidies and handouts delay and distort the emergence of grassroots demand, choices, and prices; a plurality of competing development interventions re-shape the supply. By the end of 2008, the subsistence market for fuel-efficient stoves catches momentum, engaging over 52% of the Darfuri communities in market transactions for the product. As market participants gain voice and influence they reshape the market to favour mud stoves over metal stoves. Reports by several development organizations suggest that among fuel-efficient stove users, 90% use mud models, and 49% of women who own both mud and metal stoves prefer mud stoves.     

Applying multi-attribute analysis to contractor selection decisions

Contractor selection is made onerous by the existence of many decision parameters and several outcome options. Notwithstanding these difficulties, the multi-attribute analysis (MAA) technique facilitates this decision task in being able to evaluate alternatives and indicate optimum choice. Several variations of MAA are presented and the fundamental advantages and disadvantages associated with each are highlighted. An overview of a three-tier MAA procedure designed to encompass the entire selection process culminates in a worked example of contractor evaluation utilizing a computer spreadsheet approach. While the procedure is presented in a construction contracting context, the methodologies cited are of potential benefit in a wide selection of purchasing scenarios.     

Do Corporations Invest Enough in Environmental Responsibility?

Proponents of corporate environmental responsibility argue that corporations shortchange shareholders by investing too little in environmental responsibility. They claim that corporations can improve their financial performance by increasing their investment in environmental responsibility. Opponents of corporate social responsibility argue that corporations shortchange shareholders by investing too much in environmental responsibility. They claim that corporations can improve their financial performance by reducing their investment in environmental responsibility. Yet, others claim that corporations serve their shareholders well by investing just enough in social responsibility, not too little and not too much. If so, corporations increase their investment in environmental responsibility when an increase improves financial performance and reduce their investment in environmental responsibility when a decrease improves financial performance. Our evidence is consistent with this last claim. We find that the behavior of corporations is consistent with the claim that they act in the interest of shareholders, increasing or decreasing their investment in environmental responsibility as necessary to improve their financial performance.     

保证期间与诉讼时效关系新探

保证期间与诉讼时效决定着保证人的责任存在与否以及债权人权利能否实现,涉及到债权人和保证人的自身经济利益。我国的保证期间实际上肩负着两个任务,它既是债权人向保证人行使权利的时间限制,也是债权人向债务人行使权利的时间限制。债务届期后,债权人要在保证期间内,先向债务人主张,不按时向债务人主张权利,保证人免责。在对债务人执行完毕后而未完全受偿时,债权人还要在保证期间内再对保证人主张,不按时向保证人主张,保证人同样免责。在期间内向保证人主张之后,才开始计算保证合同的诉讼时效。     

Banking,financial services and consumer protection: Introduction

In December 1996, the Canadian Government set up a Task Force on the Future of the Canadian Financial Services Sector. One of the terms of reference of the Task Force was to make recommendations to enhance the contribution that financial services could make ‘...to the best interests of Canadian consumers’. To inform its approach to this aspect of its work, the Task Force commissioned research papers on consumers in the financial services sector, drawing not only on Canadian experience, but also on past and present developments in other parts of the world, including Australia, the United States and the European Union. The results of the international research were initially published by the Canadian Government Department of Finance in September 1998 as an appendix to Change, Challenge and Opportunity, the Report of the Task Force (Crown Copyright in this material is noted).¹ It was felt that the papers on the situation in the European Union and some of its member states were of interest to a much wider audience, and the Department of Finance gave permission for publication as this special issue of the Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics, which invited me to be Guest Editor. I am especially grateful to the authors of three of the national country studies – Joop Koopman (The Netherlands), Rainer Metz (Germany) and Susanne Storm (Denmark and Sweden) – as well as to John Chant and Robert R. Kerton in Canada, whose imaginative approach to the work of the Task Force led to this study being carried out.     

Perceived Ethicality of Insurance Claim Fraud: Do Higher Deductibles Lead to Lower Ethical Standards?

Insurance claim fraud costs insurance companies, policymakers, and taxpayers billions of dollars every year and has been described as the second largest white collar crime. The most common insurance fraud activity and one that contributes a significant portion of dollar losses is the practice of padding claim amounts in the event of a loss. One of the largest issues insurance companies face is that policyholders often do not perceive insurance claim padding as an unethical behavior. However, very little research has examined the factors that contribute to such perceptions. Considering how consumers often attempt to justify fraudulent behavior from a fairness perspective, the present work examines how the amount of the deductible in an insurance claim situation can influence feelings of fairness and ethicality. The results of an experimental study show that higher deductible amounts result in stronger perceptions that insurance claim padding is fair to the insurance company, weaker perceptions that the behavior is unethical, and higher proposed claim award amounts. The study also shows, however, that the deductible amount effects are attenuated for consumers who display higher ethical standards as reflected by their scores on the consumer ethics scale. Implications are discussed with respect to the insurance industry, deviant consumer behavior, and general business ethics theory.     

A survey of supply chain collaboration and management in the UK construction industry

The paper details the results of a questionnaire survey of supply chain collaboration and management in the top the UK construction industry contractors. The results indicate the formation of a significant number of partnerships/ collaborative agreements between contractors, suppliers and clients following the publication of the Latham (1994) and Egan (1997) reports. It appears that construction supply chain management (SCM) is still at its infancy but some awareness of the philosophy is evident. Contractors identified improved production planning and purchasing as key targets for the application of SCM in construction. Barriers to success included: workplace culture, lack of senior management commitment, inappropriate support structures and a lack of knowledge of SCM philosophy. Training and education at all levels in the industry are necessary to overcome these barriers.     

Nutrition Ad Claims and Disclosures: Interaction and Mediation Effects for Consumer Evaluations of the Brand and the Ad

The effects of ad disclosure information on evaluations of the brand, the advertisement, and purchase intentions are postulated to vary across different ad claim types. In addition, consumers' product health perceptions are hypothesized to mediate the effects of the disclosure information and ad claim type on brand and ad-related evaluations. Results from a between subjects' experiment show that the health perception measure mediates the effect of the disclosure on brand and ad evaluations, but the interaction between the ad claim type and the disclosure is not mediated by the inclusion in the model of consumers' product health perceptions.     

The Influence of Repetitive Health Messages and Sensitivity to Fluency on the Truth Effect in Advertising

Although merely repeating a product claim does not influence the objective validity of the claim, it often increases the subjective validity of the claim (the truth effect). Research notes that the truth effect plays an important role in health advertising. The present research investigates the moderating role of sensitivity to feelings of fluency (or processing ease) on the truth effect. The truth effect was more pronounced when the need for affect was high rather than low (Study 1) and when consumers were primed to trust their feelings (Study 2). Finally, Study 3 and Study 4 replicate these findings using advertising appeals. Advertisements that encourage consumers to focus on their feelings increase susceptibility to the truth effect.