欧洲风电发展情况及启示

为了保障能源安全、实现能源来源多元化,并应对气候变化,欧盟积极发展可再生能源,大幅度提高能源利用效率。到2006年,欧盟可再生能源开发利用总量占其能源消费总量的比例已达到6.3%。其中风电在欧盟可再生能源中占据了主导地位,2006年风电新增装机容量在全部新增发电装机容量的比例达到了30%以上,仅次于天然气发电的新增容量,累计风电装机容量已达到4855万千瓦,占世界风电装机总容量的65%。这些指标充分证明欧盟已成为世界风电发展的领头雁。     

风电投资项目工程造价管理问题与控制途径

随着全球常规能源日趋紧张,可再生能源逐渐进入快速发展道路,风电已经发展成为朝阳产业,风电建设项目越来越多。但风电工程项目造价管理问题也日益凸显,结合风电投资项目工程造价管理的特点,剖析风电项目造价管理中的问题,提出相应的造价管理优化和控制建议,增加风电项目的投资价值。     

可再生能源电价制度下的风电市场分析

能源与环境问题,引发了能源的可持续发展问题。1981年8月,联合国新能源和可再生能源会议通过《内罗毕行动纲领》,推进新能源和可再生能源开发利用。本文系统分析了几种可再生能源电价制度下风电市场的特点,阐述了我国风力发电的历史、现状和发展前景。     

法律·法规·政策

《可再生能源发展＂十二五＂规划》发布国家能源局组织制定的《可再生能源发展＂十二五＂规划》和水电、风电、太阳能、生物质能四个专题规划8月6日正式发布。根据《规划》,＂十二五＂时期可再生能源发展的总体目标是：到2015年,可再生能源年利用量达到4.78亿吨标准煤,     

三自由度主被动复合波浪补偿海工栈桥设计

海上风电是绿色可再生能源发展的重要领域,是推动风电技术进步和电力产业升级的重要力量,是促进能源结构调整的重要举措.为此国家大力开展海上风电产业,取得了海上风电场由无到有的突破,使得我国可以大力开发丰富无污染的海洋资源.风电场技术的发展和风电场的大规模建设,也使得风电场维护的问题越来越突出,对风电运输维护船的需求也越来越大.但是国内专门用于风电运输维护的船型还很少,针对这一问题,一套专业的安全的输送维修人员登乘的海工栈桥安装在风电运维船上,就能从根本上解决风电运维船专业性的问题,促使我国海上风电场不断发展.     

对我国风电行业发展及其上网电价的研究

近年来,我国风电行业发展迅速,成为可再生能源发展的重要组成部分。本文梳理了我国风电行业的发展战略及政策框架;探讨了我国风电行业发展的现状,对风电行业成本和收益情况进行了分析;研究了我国风电行业发展中存在的主要问题及风电上网电价的发展模式,并提出了完善我国上网电价机制及促进风电行业发展的对策建议。     

风电机组设备招标采购研究与实践

风能发电属于可再生能源,清洁能源。风能是可再生、无污染、能量大、前景广的能源。是风电产业的重要组成部分,风电机组设备的招标采购关系到能否选择到合适机型和供货商的问题,因此供应商资格条件设置、评审因素和评标办法的制定是重点。本文分析了当前风电机组采购现状,提出风电机组采购重点考虑因素,并提出采用LCC全寿命周期成本理论进行风电机组的采购,从而选择到适合项目风资源特点、运行稳定可靠、维护成本低的风电机组设备。     

海上风电光环下的"紧箍咒"

一、海上风电的＂内部矛盾＂1.发展势头强劲随着全球对气候变化、可持续性、清洁能源及多种能源供应的迫切需求,目前各国正积极开发可再生能源。相对于太阳能、波浪以及潮汐等可再生能源在经济上的不成熟性,风力发电蓬勃迅速发展起来。     

张家口风电装备健康发展策略研究

在国家大力支撑可再生能源成长和积极研发重大装备等政策的推动下,张家口的风电装机容量急剧增加,风电装备制造业快速成长,由于快速的发展使可持续发展存在许多阻碍因素,本文主要针对存在的问题找到相应的改进对策,为张家口风电装备制作业健康发展找到对策。     

国网的发电图谋

2010年1月31日，国家电网公司副总经理舒印彪出现在国网能源研究院主办的“能源经济发展”论坛上。这位国网高层针对业界反映强烈的风电等清洁能源上网难问题作出了解释，他强调了众所周知的说法：“近年来我国风电发展速度大大超出规划，而风电等可再生能源发电具有间歇性、随机性、可调度性低的特点，大规模接入后对电网运行会产生较大的影响。”     

黑龙江省可再生能源发展研究

黑龙江省可再生能源较为丰富,其中太阳能、风能、水能、生物质能以及地热能等资源已经不同程度地得到了开发,但是技术、资金等因素影响着可再生能源的进一步开发和利用。为推动黑龙江省可再生能源产业的发展,必须建立起完善的经济激励政策体系;建立可再生能源产业化配套服务体系;建立合理的管理机制,出台统一的政策措施;加大对企业技术的扶持力度;筹集资金,拓展融资通道。     

福岛核事故后日本能源战略及对中国的启示

福岛核事故导致日本电力供给不足,石化能源消费量激增,其政府更加重视可再生能源和节能降耗的作用。日本核事故的爆发是由于主观上轻视安全、监管上漠视漏洞、宣传上文过饰非。重塑安全高效的能源版图,日本在缩减核电方面需要更加可行的替代方案,在可再生能源政策上应建立明确产业激励机制,在节能手段上需更加重视社会的可承受程度。中国应吸取日本的经验教训,确保核电安全,谨慎发展核电;确保能源供给,实现能源结构多元化;建立能源危机管理体系,提高能源危机应对能力。     

《能源宪章条约》下可再生能源投资仲裁案及启示——以西班牙投资仲裁案为主线的考察

为了加速可再生能源产业的发展,多数国家都制定了相关激励措施以吸引跨国公司的投资。但是,随着政策的变化,相关的法律争端也随之产生。除了国际贸易争端以外,与可再生能源相关的投资争端也大量出现,其中以西班牙最为典型,所涉投资案件也最多。随着"一带一路"倡议的推进,我国投资者在海外可再生能源领域的投资会大幅增加。与此同时,我国能源领域对外开放的幅度正在加大,可再生能源领域的外资也会越来越多,但我国现有法律制度并不足以规范可再生能源的未来发展。本文分析西班牙相关法律政策变化及仲裁庭的裁决,以期对我国可再生能源法律政策的发展和完善,以及可再生能源领域的海外投资者保护提供启示,也为我国分析评估是否加入《能源宪章条约》提供借鉴。     

20 Jahre EEG: Ist das Förderende für alte Anlagen ein Problem für die Energiewende?

In 2020 Germany’s Renewable Energy Sources Act celebrates its twentieth anniversary. Pioneers of the German energy transition, who have invested early in wind, photovoltaic and biomass plants, may expect this anniversary with sorrow. This is because it will also imply that public support expires for the first renewable energy installations, after 20 years of guaranteed feed in tariffs. It is unclear whether existing installations can be operated profitably without public support. Concerns are growing that the objectives of Germany’s energy transition may be difficult to attain if existing renewable energy plants go offline. Are these concerns justified? And if yes, how should they be addressed by public policy?     

海上风电：我国船企的新机遇

随着人们对环境问题的日益关注．并且由于以石油资源等为代表的传统能源供应紧张．风能作为一种清洁的、可再生的新能源受到越来越多的重视。风电迈人了快速发展的轨道．相较陆上风电而言．海上风电具有不占用陆地面积、风速比陆地大、风向较稳定等优点．伴随着陆地风电场的运营以及海洋技术的发展．海上风电逐渐开始形成．发展形势急剧升温。选择在海上建造风电场不仅具有广阔的空间．而且风力和风能密度大．从未来发展趋势来看．海上风电将是具有巨大潜力的市场。     

Räumliche Koordination im liberalisierten Strommarkt: angemessene Anreize für die Einspeisung

The transformation of the power supply in Germany in the course of the Energiewende, or energy transformation, comes along with the necessity of a modification and extension of the electrical grid. However, within the current regulatory framework, generators barely receive any incentives to consider potential effects of their investment on the power network when deciding on the siting of facilities. Therefore, the question arises as to what policy instruments might be suitable for creating adequate grid-oriented incentives for power generators while being compatible with the other aims of the German energy policy, in particular the goal of a power supply system that is based on renewable energy sources.     

Risikobewertung bei Investitionen in Offshore-Windanlagen

The German “Energiewende” is progressing more slowly than intended. Despite of high feed-in tariffs, private investors remain cautious due to the risk profiles, especially in offshore wind. Sensitivities of DCF-based investment models confirm material risk impact, especially from lower wind availability and construction cost overruns. Political focus on the timely grid connection of regional feed-in tariff differentiation may not address investor needs, with the result that this will remain costly. The forthcoming updates to the renewable energy law should seek to mitigate wind availability risk; ease contributions from insurance companies, pension funds and private equity; and support financial innovation.     

Sichere Stromversorgung bei hohen Anteilen volatiler erneuerbarer Energien

Recently, concerns have been rising that the energy transition may impair the security of power supply in Germany by increasing the risk of shortages and black-outs in the long run. While power generation from volatile wind and solar energy has grown rapidly, incentives to invest in conventional back-up capacity have diminished. To respond to these concerns, the German government has adopted an energy policy reform package to strengthen the regulatory framework for the power market. But is this package appropriate to sustainably safeguard the German power supply?     

We Have Never Been Secular: Religious Identities,Duties, and Ethics in Audit Practice

Contemporary research highlights multiple societal and environmental benefits in addition to potential economic advantages associated with renewable energy (RE) utilization. As federal and state incentives for investments in RE technologies become more prevalent, RE sources represent increasingly viable alternatives to established fossil fuel energy. RE utilization is recognized as a key component of “green” product innovation that helps firms reduce the environmental impact of production processes and diminish their ecological footprints and energy consumption. Yet, despite consistent evidence that corporate sustainability initiatives are favorably associated with firm performance, the limited research that examines associations between RE initiatives and firm performance yields mixed results and an explicit link has yet to be established. Drawing on the natural resource-based view of the firm, we examine the association between RE utilization and firm financial performance over time. Annual ROI, Tobin’s Q, and operating margin for large U.S. firms identified as exceptional users of RE in the EPA’s Fortune 500 Top Green Power Partners list are compared with their respective industry medians over a 7-year period (2007–2013) and post hoc bootstrapping and sensitivity analyses are performed to further validate the study findings. Our research advances current knowledge about the influence of RE utilization by demonstrating that top RE user firms consistently generated superior financial performance compared to their industry competitors. As such, the study findings lend credence to the existence of a business case that complements the societal and environmental benefits of RE utilization.     

分布式能源系统的发展

本文通过对分布式能源系统的概念、特点及其发展趋势的阐述,强调分布式能源的重要作用,指出分布式能源系统发展的主要方向之一为冷热电三联产技术,可再生能源为分布式能源的发展提供了更广阔的前景。