加快农民专业合作社发展的几点建议

农民专业合作社是随着改革开放和市场经济发展而出现的一种社会经济组织形式,它对促进农村经济结构调整,加快农业现代化、产业化、市场化具有积极作用,但由于规模小、资金短缺等问题,发展受限.本文不仅阐述了现行务件下农民专业合作社发展特点,更总结了发展受限的诸多原因,并提出了可行性建议.     

莱州市农机专业合作社发展情况调研

农机专业合作社是农民专业合作社的重要组成部分,是在农村家庭承包经营基础上建立起来的适应市场经济发展的一种组织形式,是推进农机产业化经营,实现农业机械化的重要载体。近年来,特别是《农民专业合作社法》颁布实施以来,莱州市农机专业合作社得到了快速发展,为农业增效、农民增收、农村发展起到了积极作用。     

农民专业合作社对农业产业化发展的影响分析——以日照市岚山区巨峰镇万平茶叶技术农民专业合作社为例

近年来,农民专业合作社发展迅速,提供了一种新型的农业组织方式.本文以日照市岚山区巨峰镇万平茶叶技术农民专业合作社为例,完整探索了该合作社的成立背景、发展现状以及存在的问题及建议,并透过此案例,得出农民专业合作社促进农业产业化发展这一论断.     

大庆市大同区棚室经济发展中合作社问题的相关研究

农民专业合作社是农民“抱团进城”迎接市场经济的最佳媒介、农民专业合作社是农户降低生产成本提高农产品价值的最佳途径、农民专业合作社是解放生产力发展生产力的最佳手段.大庆市大同区在棚室经济发展中大力推动农民专业合作社的发展,通过对大庆市大同区八并子乡、大同镇、高台子镇棚室经济发展中合作社所存在的问题进行了调研,对合作社发展的影响因素进行分析,得出合作社的发展与棚室经济发展现状、政府政策扶持、商业模式选择、农民自身意识、农业科技推广程度有关.同时,本文结合2012年中央一号文件《关于加快农业科技创新持续增强农产品供给保障能力的若干意见》为农民专业合作社发展提出了新思路.     

新时期农民专业合作社发展面临的问题及对策

农民专业合作社作为一种互助性经济组织既是实现家庭分散经营与市场经济对接的有效途径,也是我国破解“三农”问题的较好选择,其自身的发展关系重大。在新时期,我国农民专业合作社的进一步发展面临法律法规单一、财税信贷政策扶持力度不够、农业风险防范滞后和分配机制不完善等问题,应通过完善立法,加强财税、信贷支持,加强风险防范和规范分配机制等措施促进农民专业合作社的可持续发展。     

河北省农民专业合作社运行法律机制研究

随着市场经济的发展,农民专业合作社作为一个能有效集结农民的组织,在提升农民的市场经济地位方面发挥着重要作用。但是,随着农民专业合作社的快速发展,其本身运行出现了很多问题,其中,资金短缺问题尤其突出。无论在农民专业合作社刚刚成立,还是在其成熟发展阶段,资金的有无都是影响农民专业合作社发展的重要因素。因此,完善外部融资环境,建立良好的融资体系,是农民专业合作社良好运行的前提。     

以专业合作社为龙头 促进绿色农业发展——上盘西兰花产业合作社的实践与启示

市场经济条件下农民专业合作经济组织的建立对于促进绿色农业的发展具有重大的现实意义。从上盘西兰花产业合作社的发展历史可以看出农民专业合作社这一组织形式,可以较好地解决在家庭承包经营基础上“分散的小农户”和“广阔的国际大市场”接轨的难题,对于实现农业现代化有重大和深远意义。     

农民专业合作社纳税问题的思考

农民专业合作社是新形势下农业产业化进程中的新生事物,是一种特殊类型的经济组织,由于受农民专业合作社本身的特殊性、税收政策不完善、征管制度办法滞后等因素的影响,纳税问题异常复杂和困难.本文通过对农民专业合作社纳税问题的思考,提出一些解决问题的建议,以更好地促进农民专业合作社健康发展.     

浅谈对现阶段农民专业合作社的几点认识

为适应小农户进入市场经济大市场的需要,农业生产者自发选择了农民专业合作社这种农业生产经营制度。农民专业合作社在农业生产集约化、生产成本降低、农民收益增加、市场地位提高方面起到了积极的作用。随着合作社经营制度在农村的推广,也凸显出一些亟待解决的问题。重视解决这些问题,才能促使农民专业合作社这种农业生产经营模式持续健康地发展。     

中华人民共和国主席令——中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法

第一条 为了支持、引导农民专业合作社的发展，规范农民专业合作社的组织和行为，保护农民专业合作社及其成员的合法权益，促进农业和农村经济的发展，制定本法。 第二条 农民专业合作社是在农村家庭承包经营基础上，同类农产品的生产经营或同类农业生产经营服务的提供、利用，自愿联合、民主管理的互助性经济组织。[第一段]     

我国农村“合作社”经济产业化、多元化发展相关问题的研究

关于合作社,国际合作社联盟(ICA)1995年代表大会通过的《关于合作社界定的声明》将其定义为自愿联合起来的人们通过共同所有与民主控制的企业来满足他们共同的经济、社会与文化的需求与抱负的自治联合体。农民专业合作社的经济发展问题就是现代农业发展的一个新的里程碑,虽然这个问题早在新中国初期就涉及过,但是其中所包含的深刻内容还有待于进一步的发掘,特别是在新农村的建设的进程中,我们要认真对待农民专业合作社经济发展的问题。市场竞争日益激烈的今天,我们不能广依靠政府的的政策扶持和合作社原始的农产品销售来谋求生存。农村合作社经济的发展应该有自己顽强的生命力和市场竞争力。放开眼界,我们的合作社应该是产业化、多元化、现代化的经济合作组织,以促进我国农业经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的可持续发展为目标,建立起充满竞争和激情的农村创业基地。     

农民专业合作社规模经济与适宜社员规模研究——以山西省为例

采用超越对数成本函数模型及确定时点SUR法,对山西省15个县市70家果蔬农民专业合作社调研分析,以资产规模小于(大于)200万元为准,将筛选出的44家合作社分成两组,分别计算其规模经济和适宜社员人数。结论为:资产规模小于200万元的合作社总体上不具有规模经济,资产规模大于200万元的合作社具有轻微规模经济。资产规模小于200万和大于200万元的合作社适宜社员人数分别为66～113人和157～176人。     

Catching a wave: the formation of co-operatives in Finnish regions

This paper compares the formation rates of co-operatives and conventional firms in Finland using regional data. The Finnish co-operative “wave” that began in the mid-1990s provides a useful setting for testing the hypothesis that co-operative formation rates are higher in depressed economic conditions. The empirical results support this hypothesis. Co-operatives are formed more often in regions with high unemployment; in contrast, conventional firms are formed more often when unemployment is low and demand growth is high. Furthermore, the existence of dedicated advisory services boosts the formation of co-operatives. These results indicate that co-operatives may play a useful role in reducing unemployment and that the formation of co-operatives may be influenced by policy measures.     

Re-imagining retailers’ co-operatives

This article gives clarity to the area of retailers’ co-operatives. It provides a discussion on the different types of co-operatives and their identifying characteristics. This is to clear up common misunderstandings and misapplication of the word retail co-operative in the literature and popular culture and allow for further research in the area of retailers’ co-operatives. This article also provides a discussion of the drivers and developmental path for retail co-operation as a strategy for independent retailers. Three types of retail co-operation are discussed in this way namely buying groups, retailers’ co-operatives and retailers’ co-operative retail chains. The differences between a retailers’ co-operative retail chain and a corporate retail chain are then elucidated. Finally, managerial implications are provided surrounding retail strategy. This research is important as it provides greater understanding of a very successful retail format that has not been studied in depth, a format that allows for sustainable retail development and growth. This article enables further study in the area along with clarity on terms and dimensions.     

Merchant Banking in the Inter-War Period: The Case of Kleinwort,Sons & Co.

The essay examines wholesale purchasing by the retail stores of consumers' co-operatives in north-east England during their rapid initial growth between the early 1860s and the later 1870s. Drawing on society minute books and Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS) accounts, the complexity and variety of retail co-operatives' trading relations with both the private and co-operative sector are explored. Initially, in the absence of an accessible co-operative source of stock, retail societies developed working relations with a range of private suppliers. The larger co-operatives, in particular, established links with specialist wholesalers and food processors in distant markets that rivalled in their sophistication the systems of supply of substantial private retail grocers. Many co-operatives also seem to have used several different suppliers in the search for the best bargain for consumers as members. This pursuit of local consumers' interests also characterised relations with the CWS which, even after the establishment of a Newcastle branch in 1872, continued to be unevenly supported by north-eastern co-operatives. The commercial and political reasons for this ambivalence are explored.     

论合作社的法人地位与社员的责任形式——对当前学界有关合作社法人地位研究的反思

国外的合作社法几乎都赋予合作社以法人地位,但这不能作为合作社在我国获得法人地位的充分理由。在我国,财产独立与社员的责任形式独立是合作社获得法人地位的核心标准。在对无限责任的社会认同程度、商事组织立法价值的重大转变以及社员有限责任的社会价值的充分考量下,社员应对合作社的债务承担有限责任,合作社应由法律统一授予法人资格。     

The outsider consumer co-operative: lessons from the Community Co-operative Store (Nuriootpa), 1944–2010

Current models of co-operative survival need to be modified to consider those national experiences where consumer co-operatives become ‘outsider co-operatives’; they cannot rely on a broader co-operative movement or network. The Nuriootpa Co-operative is a prime example of such a co-op. Its ability to deal with issues of capitalisation, ideological appeal and relationships with the local community has historically been central to the survival and growth of this Australian Rochdale co-operative. However, without the support of a broader movement or network, its adoption of the franchising model has proved to be a key to the success of this co-operative.     

广西地方金融机构流动性风险及防范

结合广西地方金融机构具体情况,用传统流动性风险和流动性过剩两种观点相结合的方法进行分析,认为广西农村信用社和城市商业银行都存在的流动性风险,只是农信社存在的风险较大,而城市商业银行的流动性风险相对较小,针对流动性风险提出防范和减少地方金融机构流动性风险的方法。     

Networks in Socially Embedded Local Food Supply: The Case of Retailer Co-operatives

This paper investigates network development in food retailing, in order to evaluate the role of retailer consumer co-operatives. Opportunity is seen to lie in niche (for example, local) markets and a social/ethical orientation. The method is single case and exploratory. Investigation shows that a co-operative can survive and add value as an alternative organizational form, when genuine social responsibility is experienced by a network consisting of the co-operative, its members, customers, suppliers and the community as a whole.     

A Citation Analysis of Business Ethics Research: A Global Perspective

The paper documents the post-war retrenchment and failure of the post-war British Consumer Co-operative Movement. In contrast to the general failure one CEO, Terry Thomas stands out both for his success in co-operative rebranding and returning to profitability the UK Co-operative Bank and because he alone amongst the top echelons of the Co-operative Groups Management based his strategies on a clearly articulated philosophy based on his understanding of the values and purpose of the co-operative movement rooted in its historical traditions grounded in the writings and achievements of Robert Owen, The paper goes on to provide a case study of the bank’s process of transformation from loss-making subsidiary to the first positive co-operative national brand in the post-war period of its history. The author argues that lack of appropriate vision based on the founding values and purposes of the Co-operative Movement is the principal reason for the management’s and governance failures that have beset the UK Co-operative Group. Instead of using the past to help in understanding the present and planning for the future, the UK Co-operative Group Leadership ignored it or worse used the past successes to congratulate itself and disguise its manifest failures. In this, they were supported by an uncritical Co-operative Union (later renamed Co-operatives UK). Davis argues large co-operatives cannot be managed by a civil service responsible to an elected board. Co-operatives need a servant-leadership model of professional management dedicated to the transformational goals set by the founders of the co-operative movement. This needs a radical rethink and promotion of co-operative management education and a dedicated executive recruitment that seeks out value-based professionals whose attitudes and values are compatible with Co-operative values, ownership and purpose.