化工企业的安全管理策略

化工生产的这些特点决定了其具有易燃、易爆、有毒、有害、腐蚀性强等许多潜在的危险因素,安全生产的难度较大.随着经济的不断发展,对化工产品的需求量日益增加,化工生产的规模在不断地扩大,工艺流程越来越复杂,也使事故发生的几率和危害程度大大增加.事故的发生将导致严重的人员伤亡和巨额的财产损失,同时也会造成周边乃至区域性生态环境的破坏.本文通过对化工企业安全管理现状及安全问题的特殊性问题进行分析,归纳和总结,借鉴国际先进的安全管理模式,来选择合适的管理方法,改进化工企业安全管理的策略.     

对安全管理的深入探讨和分析

一个国家想要得到快速的发展受限就要发展生产力,因此,我国对产品的生产非常的重视,在建国之初我国就对生产安全问题制定了一系列的法律、法规、规范,但是在生产中却没有得到彻底的贯彻落实,以至于在生产中经常出现生产事故,我国在安全生产管理方面的薄弱导致了我国当前的生产状态,所以,想要减少在生产中出现安全事故的几率,纪要加强对安全生产的管理。     

施工企业安全投资与经济效益之间的关系分析

目前,我国在安全生产工作取得了一定的成果,但是安全形势依然严峻,主要在于安全事故时有发生,不仅严重影响了施工企业经济效益,也不利于社会安定.施工类企业在发展过程中,应当根据成本经济效益管理、安全管理的实际状况,综合分析经济效益与安全生产之间的关系,制定并实施相应的管理策略.本文主要针对施工各企业安全投资与经济效益之间的关系进行深入分析.     

基于双重价值转形理论论证劳动生产率与单位商品价值量的反比关系——兼与何干强教授商榷

“劳动生产率与单位商品价值量的变动关系”是马克思主义劳动价值理论体系中的重要论题.近年来有学者提出了成“正比说”,产生这种错误观点的根源在于混淆了使用价值与价值、具体劳动与抽象劳动之间的质的差别.要厘清“变动关系”问题,关键在于正确理解“社会必要劳动时间决定商品价值量”这一命题.劳动生产力和商品价值量之间的关系是本质关系,而劳动生产力和市场价值及生产价格之间的关系则是不同层次的现象形态的关系.运用双重价值转形理论可以更好地解释单位商品价值量与劳动生产力成反比关系,从而找到正确理解劳动生产率与单位商品价值量的逻辑关系的金钥匙,破解所谓的“马克思的悖论”,从而更好地坚持马克思的劳动价值论.     

新时期建筑施工质量与安全管理对策研究

建筑工程质量和安全事故仍时有发生,建筑市场呈事故高发态势,施工安全屡屡触雷.新时期房屋建筑施工质量与安全管理十分关键.科技是第一生产力,体现在施工生产活动的全过程,最终体现在产品质量上,重视新技术,新工艺的先进性和适用性.     

安全经济学初探

<正> 一、问题的提出安全,伴随着生产的产生而产生,随着生产力的不断发展而日益突出,现已构成了现代社会大生产的一个要素,安全和生产不能分开了。在手工业及其以前的时期,人们的生产工具十分简单,安全问题并没有引起人们的重视。工业革命的兴起,人们开始用机器代替体力劳动,设备事故、工伤事故便随之产生,影响了生产力的发挥和人们的生命、健康。如从十九世纪初发明锅炉到二十世纪初     

公有制经济为主体多种所有制经济共同发展的客观性研究——以马克思的生产关系要适合生产力性质规律为视角

中国在马克思、列宁关于生产关系一定要适合生产力发展规律的理论与实践的基础上,在所有制结构问题上进行了创新和发展,提出了公有制为主体多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度,这是生产关系一定要适合生产力性质规律所决定的,也是解决中国特色社会主义新时代主要矛盾的客观要求,是马克思主义中国化的重要内容.我们必须毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济,发挥国有经济主导作用,不断增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力.必须毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展,正确处理好国家与企业之间的利益关系,激发非公有制经济活力和创造力.在生产发展和社会财富增长的基础上不断满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要.     

房建施工中的质量与安全管理

近年来，随着建设任务的不断增多，新技术新工艺的不断出现，建筑施工安全管理难度不断加大，工程生产安全隐患日益增多，生产安全事故不断发生。在这些事故中，有许多事故是可以避免的，经分析认为，上述事故的发生，要么无专项方案、要么无专家论证、要么么安全监管不到位、要么不按方案执行。本文就房建施工中的质量和安全管理进行了探讨，并提出了相应的结论。     

供给侧结构性改革的政治经济学解读——生产关系重构的视角

自中共中央提出推进供给侧结构性改革以来,有学者从西方经济理论出发对其进行解释,如凯恩斯主义、 新自由主义和供给学派等,但都存在一定的理论局限和解释困境,并没有真正考察供给侧结构性改革的理论本质和实践逻辑.供给侧结构性改革是中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系的一部分,必须立足于马克思主义政治经济学的研究范式.本文根据生产力与生产关系辩证原理,基于马克思的生产关系理论,分别从生产与消费、 生产与交换、 生产与分配三个方面解读当前中国生产关系不适应生产力发展的具体表现与现实困境,从而能够真正理解供给侧结构性改革的理论本质.     

妥善处理七种关系保障企业安全生产

在企业注重效益发展的今天,安全生产是企业稳定、和谐和发展的基本保证.如何提高对安全的认识？采取积极措施预防事故的发生,是安全管理的实质和灵魂.本文从妥善处理好安全生产等七个方面的关系,阐述了预防管理的一些措施.     

意外险的需求模式、感觉阈限与通货膨胀率——基于三区制门限回归模型的实证分析

文章基于中国2000-2010年季度数据的实证分析表明,通货膨胀率不仅显著影响意外险需求,而且意外险保费收入增长率与通货膨胀率之间不是简单的线性负相关。首先,意外险需求对通货膨胀率的敏感程度是边际递减的;其次,与通货膨胀风险相比,投保人更加厌恶通货紧缩风险;最后,由于需求模式在门限值附近出现较大改变,可能会冲击意外险市场,当通货膨胀率接近门限值时保险公司应及时调整营销策略。     

What is the optimal rate of R&D investment to maximize productivity growth?

Governments in modern economies devote much policy attention to enhancing productivity and continue to emphasize its drivers such as investment in R&D. This paper analyzes the relationship between productivity growth and levels of R&D investments. The econometric analysis shows that more than 65 per cent of productivity growth variance is due to its dependence on gross domestic expenditure on R&D expressed as percentage of GDP (GERD). Economic analysis shows that productivity growth = f(GERD) is a concave function downwards due to diminishing returns to research investments. In addition, the research shows that the range of GERD between 2.3 per cent and 2.6 per cent maximizes the long-run impact on productivity growth and it is the key to sustained productivity and technology improvements that are becoming more and more necessary to modern economic growth.     

RISK, INFORMATIONAL ASYMMETRY AND PRODUCT LIABILITY: An Enquiry Into Conflicting Objectives

Abstract.  Risky products inflict two costs on society; the accident and the insurance costs. The expansion in the scope of product liability since the late 1970s has increased the cost of third-party liability insurance. However, the economic analysis has, traditionally, focused on only the accident costs. Some recent works suggests a strict trade-off between minimization of the accident costs and the insurance costs. In this paper, we extend the analysis by considering both types of costs. An efficiency characterization of product liability rules is provided by assuming informational asymmetry about the risk. We show that it is possible to achieve efficiency with respect to the insurance costs as well as the care levels.     

WORKER INVESTMENTS IN SAFETY,WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS,AND COMPENSATING WAGE DIFFERENTIALS

The theory of compensating wage differentials (CWDs) assumes that firms supply and workers demand workplace safety, predicting a positive relationship between accident risk and wages. This article allows for safety provision by workers, which predicts a countervailing negative relationship between individual risk and wages: Firms pay higher wages for higher safety‐related productivity. Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth panel data and data on fatal and nonfatal accidents, our precise CWDs imply a value of a statistical injury of $45.4 thousand and a value of a statistical life of $6.3 million. In line with our model, individual risk and wages are negatively correlated.     

循环经济与低碳经济的关系分析——基于资源生产率

循环经济和低碳经济都是实现可持续发展的生产方式和生活模式,发展循环经济和低碳经济的根本共同点在于均需要提高广义资源生产率(生态效率),不同点在于实现可持续发展的途径和突破点等不同。本文基于资源产出率的理论分析、情景分析和实证研究,探讨了通过发展循环经济促进碳减排的途径。本文认为,通过提高资源生产率来提高碳生产率是可行的,其效果是资源效率效应和资源结构效应的叠加,可以此表征循环经济和低碳经济的相互关系。最后,我国1990—2005年的数据进行了实证分析。     

The impact of defense expenditure on economic productivity in OECD countries

Evaluating the effects of defense spending on macroeconomic performance and, in particular, on economic productivity is a critical issue. This study integrates Malmquist productivity index (MPI) with bootstrapping to establish statistical inferences that provide a complete, effective analysis of the impact of defense expenditure on economic productivity between 1993 and 2009 for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries. The findings indicate that the average MPI with defense expenditure is higher than that without defense expenditure. Additionally, region based productivity analysis indicates that the appropriate allocation of defense expenditure can increase regional economic productivity effectively across Asia, Oceania and Europe. Moreover, the results further prove that the effective defense expenditure strategies undertaken by government are important for improving economic productivity of countries. The integrated methodology approach applied in this study can be used for further similar studies.     

企业生产率与中国对外直接投资相关性研究——基于省际动态面板模型的实证分析

随着对外直接投资的迅猛发展与理论研究的不断深入,对于企业生产率与对外直接投资的相关关系研究引起了中外学者的关注。通过建立动态面板模型,利用2003—2009年的省际面板数据对地区企业生产率与其对外直接投资的相关关系做了实证研究。结论表明,地区企业生产率与其对外直接投资互为Granger因果关系,并存在显著的正面作用。     

Channels of restructuring in privatized Czech companies1

The main contribution of this paper to the literature on restructuring in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe is the analysis of productivity‐growth effects for different channels of restructuring. It examines a panel of 737 voucher‐privatized Czech companies in the first years after the transfer of ownership (between 1993 and 1998). The results indicate that asset sales and employee incentives serve as restructuring channels through which productivity of the privatized companies increases. The analysis also indicates that capital expenditures, labour shedding and CEO replacements are not significantly correlated to productivity growth. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the availability of bank loans is positively associated with productivity growth, but not for less profitable firms. This provides some evidence in support of soft budget constraints accommodated via bank lending.     

环境约束下长三角与珠三角城市群生产率研究——基于MML生产率指数的实证分析

本文运用Metafrontier-Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数测度了环境约束下1998—2008年长三角和珠三角城市群的全要素生产率及其成分,并对影响城市全要素生产率、纯粹技术追赶和潜在技术相对变动的因素进行了实证研究。主要结论有：珠三角城市群1998—2008年的平均生产率增长高于长三角城市群,这主要是来自于技术进步的贡献;两个城市群的生产技术与潜在的生产技术边界差距在逐步扩大;长三角城市群的技术发展潜力在近些年呈现上升的势头,珠三角城市群的技术发展潜力则呈下降趋势。在城市层面上,技术水准较高的城市,纯粹技术追赶的水平也较高。最后,人均GRP、结构因素、FDI对共同边界下的城市生产率和群组边界下两个城市群各自的城市生产率变动有不同程度的影响。     

Trade and market selection: Evidence from manufacturing plants in Colombia

We examine the link between trade liberalization and aggregate productivity, with a focus on improved market selection resulting from a reduction in trade barriers and in the dispersion of these barriers across producers. Our analysis exploits tariff changes across sectors after the Colombian trade reform. An additional advantage of our analysis is that our TFP measure does not include demand and price effects. We find that reduced trade protection makes plant survival depend more closely on productivity. Using a dynamic simulation, we find that enhanced selection increases aggregate productivity substantially. Trade liberalization also increases productivity of incumbent plants and improves the allocation of activity. We find larger effects on allocative efficiency with our TFP measure than with a traditional measure including price effects.