被妖魔化的"教育产业化"

中国高等教育的一个“败笔”就是教育产业化问题?     

谁在阻挠内外资所得税统一

政府对中国经济的决策重心从注重引进外资转变到注重营造市场公平环境“一个主权国家的财政政策,任何时候都可以自主改变。”1月16日,财政部副部长楼继伟在回应54家跨国公司上书认为中国拟统一内外企所得税是“政策说变就变”时说。这54家跨国公司的名单里包括了几乎所有公众熟悉的大佬:微软、摩托罗拉、戴尔、宜家、三星等。早在2004年6月1日的财政部税政工作会议上,就透露出“两税合一”方案的细枝末节,其中包括对外资企业税收优惠的过渡期。这54家跨国公司在应财政部邀请参与调研时则希望中国政府能够延长对外资企业优惠政策的过渡期。“…     

Taxation: The Lost History

Regular, periodic taxation is a function of modern government, a practice that arose only because the rent of land and natural resources was transformed from the traditional source of public revenue in the Middle Ages to private property, starting in the 17th century. In the earlier era, taxes (special exactions on ordinary income and daily necessities) were imposed only under unusual circumstances, usually to fight wars. The French Physiocrats and their student, Adam Smith, proposed that the best form of modern taxation would be based on the same principle as the medieval system—a fee derived entirely from surpluses, not imposed as a burden on production. This was actually what Adam Smith meant by “ability to pay.” Smith's sophisticated understanding of economic rent was, however, simplified and distorted by numerous economists throughout the 19th century, who buried the concept under layers of obfuscation. In particular, the substitution of “Paretian rent” for “Ricardian rent” committed the fallacy of composition by shifting rent from a social concept to a private, unit‐level concept, which caused social surplus to simply “disappear.” Bringing this “lost history” to light permits us to re‐evaluate how modern societies might benefit from Smith's physiocratic concept of taxation. This work not only traces debates about rent—for example, whether rent arises from risk‐taking, or whether a tax on rent raises commodity prices—but also discusses the practical benefits of taxing it today.     

资源税费改革探析

矿产资源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的物质基础，是工业生产进行的血液，是国民经济发展的重要生产要素。目前，我国80％的工业原料取自矿产资源，95％以上的能源来自矿物能源，矿产资源的需求十分广泛，但矿产资源的供给却非常有限。本文从分析我国现行矿业税费制度的弊端入手，对我国矿业税费改革提出建议。     

构建新型会计信息生产模式的研究

本以一种全新的观点诠释了会计信息失真的真正内涵，构建了一种新型的会计信息生产模式，以解决会计信息失真问题。     

会计信息失真问题的博弈研究

会计信息失真问题长久以来一直对市场经济的发展有着负面的影响,近年来尤为突出。为了对会计信息失真问题有一个更为全面的认识,本文运用博弈理论分析会计信息失真问题,以期对这一问题的解决有所帮助。     

会计信息失真的经济学分析

会计信息失真的现象屡有发生不是一种偶然,它背后有制度成因的。本文试图用制度经济学的观点进行分析,挖掘出在不同制度安排下,企业提供虚假会计信息的概率及其预期收益。只有在企业提供虚假会计信息所得到的预期收益小于等于零时,企业才会放弃作假。     

会计信息失真中的纳什均衡

文章针对会计造假和监督行为建立博弈模型，运用纳什均衡理论，分析当前会计信息失真的重要原因，同时提出了防范和治理措施。     

The Effect of Cross-Border Group Taxation on Ownership Chains

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the influence of taxation on ownership chains and specifically on the location decision for intermediate holding companies. By examining the effect of the introduction of a cross-border group taxation regime in Austria in 2005 on ownership chains of European multinational firms, I find evidence that foreign parent companies already invested in Austria restructured their ownership chains in order to meet the requirements of the group taxation regime. This effect is larger for foreign parent companies with loss-generating subsidiaries. Collectively, the empirical findings suggest that, when evaluating the effect of cross-border group taxation regimes, companies follow a detailed tax planning strategy that takes tax-base effects into account.     

Distorted Performance Measures and Dynamic Incentives

Incentive contracts must typically be based on performance measures that do not exactly match the agents' true contribution to the principals' objectives. Such misalignment may pose difficulties for effective incentive design. We analyze the extent to which implicit dynamic incentives, such as career concerns and ratchet effects, alleviate or aggfravate these problems. Our analysis demonstrates that the interplay between distorted performance measures and implicit incentives implies that career and ratchet effects have real effects in that stronger ratchet effects or greater distortion may increase optimal monetary incentives, and that distortion affects the optimality of different promotion rules.     

会计信息失真中的纳什均衡

文章针对会计造假和监督行为建立博弈模型,运用纳什均衡理论,分析当前会计信息失真的重要原因,同时提出了防范和治理措施.     

高校群体利益与员工个体利益的辩证统一探析

高校群体利益是提高办学收益,实现可持续发展,员工个体利益是实现个体的存在价值、个人尊严和社会权利。群体利益与个体利益存在辩证关系。学生是高校的教育服务产品的消费者,赢得学生,学校就赢得了事业,教职员工就赢得了职业。因此,学生是高校群体利益与员工个体利益实现辩证统一的本质元素。     

原始凭证失真分析及治理对策

原始凭证是财务报销的依据,也是决定财务信息质量的根本。针对合法原始凭证的流转环节,逐一指出目前会计核算中产生失真原始凭证的薄弱点,提出了预防和治理失真原始凭证的对策。     

加强税务信息化建设,提高税务稽查绩效

十几年以来,我国税务电子化、网络化的建设已经奠定了税务信息化的雄厚基础,能够支持税收工作再上新台阶。但是,在实际操作中还存在许多问题,尤其在税务稽查这一至关重要的环节。文中总结了目前在我国税务信息化建设中,税务稽查方面出现的问题,作者根据自己多年积累的工作经验,有针对性地提出了一系列的解决思路,对“金税工程”尤其是地县级税务机关“金税工程”实施和依法治税具有借鉴意义。     

Managing the Public Debt: The Optimal Taxation Approach

This paper examines research on public debt management, focusing on debt structure by denomination, indexation features, and maturity. The optimal taxation approach is reviewed and its policy implications are related to the trade-off between minimization of the expected cost of debt servicing and minimization of budgetary risk. Strong arguments are provided for debt instruments which yield low returns when output and hence revenues are lower and public spending higher than expected. This debt design minimizes tax distortions and provides flexibility in conducting fiscal policy. The exact characterization of the debt composition which supports efficient taxation depends on the stochastic structure of the economy. Long-term nominal debt is a hedge against supply shocks affecting revenues and inflation and makes the government budget insensitive to interest-rate risk. However, at high levels of debt, the extent of insurance or flexibility that governments can obtain by issuing long-term nominal debt is limited by the need to maintain the credibility of the anti-inflation stance.     

拉弗曲线与税收行为中的混沌特征

本文研究了税收中拉弗曲线（Laffer curve）隐含的混沌特征。分析表明,在拉弗曲线平滑上升的表面现象背后,隐藏着一种无序的状态或混沌特征,因此,在经济发展、税基扩大的情况下,应慎重提高税率,防止税收的大起大落。     

变态混凝土在碾压混凝土坝施工中的应用

变态混凝土的出现至今不到10年，但发展迅速，其施工工艺也日臻完善。光照大坝在施工过程中广泛地运用了变态混凝土，变态混凝土在该工程中的使用范围由模板、电梯井、埋设件等周边扩大到了岸坡和止水片的周边。为了保证工程质量达到设计要求，采取如下措施：配合比先在室内试验后才在现场试用，务必使其物理力学性能满足使用部位混凝土的设计要求；设立集中制浆站确保灰浆质量；施工工艺操作规范化；用强力振捣使之密实等。这些措施的采用取得了满意的效果。