会计师事务所审计质量分析——来自2003年中国上市公司的经验证据

本文以2003年所有A股上市公司的数据,采用回归的方法,通过加入inverseMillsratio变量,控制会计师事务所选择的自选择偏误,对国际与国内会计师事务所审计质量进行分析。研究结果发现:国际四大会计师事务所审计报告的可操控性应计,显著低于国内十大会计师事务所审计报告的可操控性应计,即国际四大会计师事务所的审计质量高于国内十大会计师事务所。实证结果表明,公司在选择国际还是国内会计师事务所有显著的选择倾向即内生性,表明控制自选择偏误的必要。     

跨市场上市公司审计定价研究

本文从我国跨市场上市公司审计师选择的特点出发,考察了境内外审计市场不同需求弹性对审计收费的影响,并对协同效应和范围经济对审计定价的影响进行了研究。结论表明,当审计师对境外报表进行审计时,“四大”的审计收费显著高于非“四大”。而当会计师事务所对境内报表进行审计时,“四大”的审计定价与非“四大”相比无显著差异。结论验证了“四大”不同市场不同定价的竞争策略,如果进行审计的会计师事务所之间可以实现协同效应或范围经济,从而能节约跨市场上市公司的时间和精力,上市公司将愿意付出更多的审计费用。结论支持了境内会计师事务所可以通过与境外会计师事务所建立联系构筑竞争优势的策略。     

股权结构、治理结构与审计师选聘——基于委托代理理论的实证考察

本文以委托代理理论为基础,选择2002年深圳股市的484家上市公司为样本,考察了大股东控制的公司审计师选择行为。结果发现第一大股东持股比例越高,就越不聘请国际“四大”会计师事务所的境内合作所,以便实施其掏空行为;而设立审计委员会可以在一定程度上遏制大股东的审计师选择偏好;如果第一大股东是外资股,则更可能聘请国际“四大”会计师事务所的境内合作所,以求降低其代理成本。     

公司治理结构与会计师事务所变更的实证研究

本文以结构-行为-绩效为分析框架,对影响我国上市公司治理结构因素与公司自愿变更会计师事务所行为的关系进行实证分析.本文选择了2005年和2006年两个连续年度所有自愿更换会计师事务所的上市公司共255家,建立了logistic模型对影响变更会计师事务所的公司治理结构特征进行研究,以期为上市公司治理评价提供经验证据.本文研究发现上市公司最终控制人类型、董事会在报告期内开会的次数、股权均衡度和上市公司是否建立审计委员会四个变量显著地影响了上市公司更换会计师事务所的决策.     

行业专长、业务复杂性与审计收费

会计师事务所的审计收费在板块、地区及所有制方面存在一定的结构性差异，而且“四大”会计师事务所的审计收费明显高于非“四大”会计师事务所。实证检验结果表明：审计收费与会计师事务所的行业专长、公司的业务复杂性存在显著的相关关系，会计师事务所的行业专长程度越高、上市公司的业务越复杂，会计师事务所的审计收费越高。国家应该鼓励会计师事务所走注重行业专长的发展道路，提高审计收费的市场化程度，实现差异化竞争，进而优化整个行业的竞争秩序。     

董事的会计师事务所经历与审计师选择

以2010—2016年A股上市公司为研究对象，考察了董事的会计师事务所经历与审计师选择的关系。研究发现，拥有会计师事务所经历的董事更愿意选择“小所”作为公司的社会审计机构，且拥有该经历的董事人数越多、比例越高，选择“小所”的倾向越大，在非国企和独董样本中这一关系更为显著。考虑事务所从业经验的影响后发现，从业经验的丰富程度会进一步影响审计师选择，表现为“大所”经历、事务所工作级别高、事务所任职个数多时均倾向选择“小所”。经验证据表明具有会计师事务所经历的董事对于审计师选择存在着替代效应。     

董事会计师事务所工作背景与企业现金持有水平——来自中国资本市场的经验证据

基于2004—2012年我国上市公司数据,考察了董事会计师事务所工作背景对企业现金持有水平的影响。研究发现,董事会会计师事务所工作背景（董事会中是否有成员具有会计师事务所工作背景、董事会中拥有会计师事务所工作背景的董事人数、董事会中拥有会计师事务所工作背景的董事比例等）显著降低了企业的现金持有水平。进一步的分组检验结果还发现董事会计师事务所工作背景带来的现金方面的治理效应仅仅体现在高成长企业和管理层权力较大的企业之中,因为这两类企业面临的潜在代理冲突或信息不对称问题更为严重。     

民营上市公司实际控制入出任关键领导职务、审计师选择与市场评价关系研究

本文以2001-2003年民营上市公司为样本进行实证研究发现：实际控制人或其家族成员出任关键领导职务导致企业价值下降，同时导致了上市公司对国际四大会计师事务所的审计需求，而且上市公司为此支付了审计费用溢价，但市场并没有对聘请此类事务所做出正面评价。这说明投资者对该类事务所的声誉和审计质量并不认可。     

对国际四大会计师事务所垄断利润的剖析

本文通过对比2001～2006年国际四大会计师事务所和国内会计师事务所在我国审计市场的收费和收入情况，剖析了国际四大会计师事务所在我国审计市场收费高的原因，认为这样的高收费不全部缘于其高质量，其很大部分来自于“寡头垄断”的利润。     

国际四大会计师事务所在中国跨国经营研究

本文运用海默和金德尔伯格提出的“垄断优势理论”和邓宁的“国际生产折衷理论”,以国际“四大会计师事务所（普华永道、毕马威、安永和德勤）”为案例,对注册会计师行业的跨国经营动因进行了分析,力图揭示出这一服务性企业在中国市场经营的特点,分析了“四大会计师事务所”在中国市场的发展前景和面临的挑战,总结出“四大会计师事务所”给中国会计师行业带来的启示。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.