我国体育赞助的发展历史与现状分析

企业单位以不同形式对体育事业进行赞助,并达到一定的商业目的谓之体育赞助。本文从体育赞助在我国的发展历史和现状两个角度进行了分析,探讨了我国体育赞助存在的问题。体育赞助在我国虽起步较晚,但它却正在稳步发展。我们应该认真研究体育赞助的理念、策略、效应,让体育赞助在新世纪得到健康的发展。     

从体育赞助看中国体育产业的发展

体育赞助是我国体育市场开发的主体部分,它的发展速度直接影响着我国体育市场化、社会化的发展进程。本文主要从体育赞助的角度分析我国体育产业的发展,研究体育赞助的运作规律及其存在问题,探讨中国体育产业开发的关键环节。     

影响我国体育赞助的因素分析

本文通过对我国体育赞助发展的描述,基于现状和存在的问题,对影响我国体育赞助发展的诸多因素进行分析,并提出相应对策,以推动我国体育赞助和体育事业的发展。     

体育赞助商业价值研究

随着体育赛事的不断发展,体育赛事组织所花费的资源越来越多。现今体育赞助渐渐成为体育组织成功运作赛事、筹集资金和物资的主要方式。本研究运用文献资料等方法对体育赞助的本质、理论基础以及相关主体关系进行探讨,并结合我国企业体育赞助的实际,对制约我国体育赞助市场发展的因素进行分析。     

制约我国高校体育赞助的因素与发展对策

随着我国市场经济的发展,体育赞助已经成功介入了职业体育和竞技体育的各种赛事活动中,促进了我国体育事业的飞速发展,并形成了一套有效的运行机制和模式,这就为我国高校体育赞助市场的开发提供了宝贵的经验。本文通过探讨制约我国高校体育赞助的因素,寻求高校体育赞助的发展对策,寻求解决高校体育活动经费短缺问题的一个手段和途径。     

结合耐克谈我国体育赞助的策略

随着体育赛事的影响不断扩大,体育赛事组织和企业进入了合作阶段。而现代体育的发展需要有强大的经济支持,而体育赞助起到了为体育提供经济支持的作用,企业与体育赞助之间的合作应运而生。本文以耐克公司为例,分别从定位、营销组合、媒体明星选择、后期执行、效果评估等角度对我国体育赞助的策略进行了分析,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

我国体育赞助的问题与形成原因分析

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,对我国体育赞助发展状况进行深入探讨。指出了我国体育赞助领域存在的主要问题:市场规模偏小、赞助纠纷多、隐蔽营销行为大量存在、赞助供给主体市场过热以及运动员商业活动管理不规范。形成这些问题的原因在于:①政府对体育赞助市场政策支持力度不够;②体育赞助市场有效监管不力;③体育市场资源开放程度低;④体育组织营销意识缺乏;⑤缺乏专业人才。     

我国体育赞助中的合作博弈浅析

区别于传统的以捐赠或交换观点,本文运用合作博弈的理论和方法来研究体育赞助.在综述体育赞助的历史、发展和现状的基础上,研究我国体育赞助中各参与方的策略.结果表明:体育赞助不仅能为赞助方带来收益,也是我国体育产业腾飞的主要推动力量.根据合作博弈理论,赞助方和被赞助方可以实行战略合作以迟到系统利润最大化,并通过协调分享利润实现双赢.     

从奥运赞助看我国体育赞助市场

体育赞助是当今体育经济的重要一环，文章结合奥运会体育赞助的成功范例，针对我国体育赞助市场的发展现状，提出开拓我国体育赞助市场应注意政府的支持与政策的优惠；健全法制管理；搞好优势项目和明星效应；吸引外资，与国际接轨等几点建议。     

体育赞助的效益分析及战略选择

体育赞助是一种新兴的经济行为,其遵循市场经济的一般规律,以优化资源配置为目标,把企业和体育组织者或参与者连接起来,使两者的现有资源进行进一步的优化和重新配置以达到双赢之目的。体育赞助自从出现以来不断被各类企业加以利用并完善,发展至今,体育赞助在体育市场上占据了相当重要的位置,使日趋壮大的体育事业加快了规范化和市场化的步伐。本文从体育赞助的本质入手,通过对体育赞助的经济效应、体育赞助的经济性表现、体育赞助的供求状况等进行了相关分析,并对企业进行体育赞助策略选择做出了探索性分析。     

我国高校体育营销的可行性分析

目前,我国高校体育赞助市场还很不完善,高校体育营销运作很不规范,针对高校体育营销理论的专题研究较欠缺。通过对制约我国高校体育营销事业发展的因素的分析,力图提出一些推进我国高校体育赞助工作的营销策略,供高校在开展体育营销活动时作为参考。     

Using evaluative conditioning to explain corporate co-branding in the context of sport sponsorship

This paper investigates the mechanism under which attitude formation takes place in corporate co-branding in the context of sport sponsorship. We developed a conceptual model that synthesises three theoretical frameworks (evaluative conditioning, relationship marketing and brand equity), aiming to explain corporate co-branding in the context of sport sponsorship. Specifically, the proposed model posits that, in sport sponsorship, close consumer relationships with a sport brand leverage sponsor brand equity elements (brand familiarity, brand personality and brand image) and can lead to positive outcomes (wordof-mouth communications). We tested the proposed model using data collected from fans of two professional soccer teams (N = 280). The results of the study confirmed the proposed relationships and further provided new insights regarding the role of brand equity elements in creating ‘backward’ effects to the sport brand (team). Moreover, the findings suggest that sport sponsorship might be the ideal context for co-branding partnerships between mature/high-equity brands.     

An examination of women’s sport sponsorship: a case study of female Australian Rules football

ABSTRACT

In recent years we have seen an increase in corporate and media interest in women’s sport leagues and events. Despite the increase in commercialism and professionalism of women’s sport, there is a lack of research focusing on the marketing of and through women’s sport. This current study addresses this gap, examining the motivations of sponsors involved in the women’s Australian Rules football national league. Exploratory in outlook, this paper presents insights from key sponsorship decision-makers. It was found that sponsorship was motivated by a desire to promote gender equality at a firm, industry and broader societal level. Sponsorship of women’s football provides convergence of corporate social responsibility and commercial benefits. The paper provides insights for sport marketing and initiates the conversation of women’s sport sponsorship.     

The influence of sport sponsorship on brand equity and purchase behavior

Abstract

Drawing on Aaker’s brand equity model and Keller’s brand engagement concept and building on the sponsorship between a professional basketball club and a software company, this study examined how sport sponsorship affects brand equity and purchase behavior of the sponsor’s product. Data from 222 survey respondents were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. The results provided evidence that perceived quality and brand engagement impact brand loyalty and purchase behavior of fans toward the sponsor’s product. Perceived fit between sponsor and sponsee and team identification were found to influence significantly sponsor’s brand equity constructs. The study extends Aaker’s model in the sport sponsorship context and highlights the influential role of perceived quality and brand engagement on driving sport team fans to form brand loyalty and purchase sponsor’s product.     

A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Ethical Dimensions of Alcohol and Tobacco Sports Sponsorships

While the sport industry has grown into a multi-billion dollar international business with unique ethical concerns, there is little empirical research examining the ethics involved in sport sponsorships, especially sponsorship of alcohol and tobacco brands. This study investigates the potential influence of culture and gender on future practitioners' willingness to work in the tobacco and alcohol sport sponsorship areas. The nature of the relationship between sports, alcohol and tobacco is reviewed, along with past research on variables noted to influence ethical decision making. Three hypotheses are investigated for differences between American and Australian students. A cultural difference in ethical perceptions is supported, while gender differences are not significant. The implications of these findings are discussed, along with the study's limitations and future directions for ethics research in sport marketing.     

Corporate Objectives in Sports Sponsorship

This article considers corporate objectives in sports sponsorship. The important question is to determine why companies sponsor sport when there are other promotion techniques available to them. Reasons for sponsoring sport in the first place are discussed, as well as broad corporate objectives in becoming involved in sponsorships. This study involved a sample of 45 sponsors who received media exposure in South Africa between November 1984 and March 1985. Results show that the most important reasons for sponsoring sport include potential TV coverage, promoting the corporate image and the potential of spectators as customers. Anonymous sponsorship, even philanthropic, is rare.     

The Evolution of Scholarly Research on Sponsorship: Expectations About the Future of This Research Domain

This study examines how scholarly research on sponsorship has evolved from 2001–2011 and envisages the shape of this domain from 2012–2014. From the 6,240 words counted in 573 articles, we identified prominent themes around “sponsorship,” “sponsor,” “sport,” “brand,” and “marketing” from 19 key concepts. We assessed sets of concepts that best reflect the sponsorship theme by conducting a series of multiple linear regression analyses. Trend analyses from 2012–2014 indicated prospects for a dramatic increase in research activity around six topics. We anticipate the rate of sponsorship research will continue briskly in line with the continued escalation of global sponsorship expenditure.     

There goes my hero again: sport scandal frequency and social identity driven response*

Abstract

With sport scandals reported frequently in the media, it is important to understand how associated stakeholders are affected. In the current work, we investigated the impact of off-field sport scandal on key stakeholders (the sport, implicated team, sponsor brand), and the roles played by team identification and scandal frequency. A 2 (fandom) × 3 (scandal frequency) between-subjects quasi-experiment examined responses to scandal news stories. Ingroup fan attitudes became less favorable toward all stakeholders following scandal, especially when it was described as repeat behavior. This differed to outgroup fan attitudes, which became less favorable toward the sport, but were generally negative and stable for other stakeholders, irrespective of scandal frequency. Respondents were willing to attribute responsibility to particular perpetrators rather than the team, and tended to endorse sponsorship continuation simultaneously with perpetrator removal/sanction. Findings have strategic implications for those involved in sponsorship, sport marketing, and sport management.     

UK Sports Sponsorship: Fair Play or Foul?

Sport sponsorship is a growth area which is under-researched yet which displays opportunities and threats for both sponsor and sport, as well as having important ethical implications. If sponsorship funding is to be attracted, sports need to supply evidence of the opportunities for sponsors; yet "sport also needs to ensure that the negative aspects of sponsorship are reduced and the positive encouraged." Marylyn Carrigan has a background in banking and export marketing and is currently Lecturer in Marketing and International Marketing at the Business School, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, where she also researches the areas of Corporate Philanthropy and Sport and Leisure Marketing. Her husband worked in industry before graduating in Sports Studies and Business, and currently works as a Youth Worker for the City of Birmingham Department of Leisure and Community Services with research interests in Sport and the 50+ leisure market.     

The impact of title event sponsorship announcements on shareholder wealth

Title sponsorships are often considered the crown jewels of sports sponsorship programs. Garnering top media coverage, title sponsorships are prized for both generating brand/product awareness and building image for their sponsors. Not surprisingly, the rising cost of title sponsorships has led some managers to question their underlying value. Accordingly, this study presents an analysis of the impact of 114 title sponsorship announcements of professional tennis and golf tournaments (both men’s and women’s), auto racing (NASCAR), and college bowl games on the stock prices of sponsoring firms. Overall, the results of the study suggest that title sponsorships are generally signed at market-clearing prices. Thus, companies undertaking title sponsorships typically receive exactly what they pay for—except in the case of NASCAR races (which show evidence of increases in share prices). Splitting the sample into new and renewing sponsorships generates results which differ dramatically by sport. Finally, a cross-sectional regression finds congruence of sport and sponsor, sponsorship by high tech firms and sponsorships by large firms all correlated with perceived sponsorship success.