共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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欧盟《水框架指令》是一个里程碑式的法规,它将欧盟27个成员国联合起来,努力使欧盟区域内的水体达到“良好化学与生态状态”的目标。《水框架指令》突破了传统的行政区域划分方式,以流域为基本单元进行综合管理,并且在每个流域单元建立一个水资源管理机构,促进解决部门间的冲突。指令要求对实施《欧盟水框架指令》的成本进行财务经济分析,还要求通过规划和实施过程来构架与利益相关方的信息交流和咨询。以上这些对中国水务部门的改革都具有重要的启示与借鉴意义。 相似文献
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欧盟水框架指令及其执行情况 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
欧盟水框架指令具有法律效力,目标是保护和管理水资源.水框架指令作为一个基础性法律文件,内容丰富,涉及到保护水的各个方面,并将水域的保护与污染控制结合起来.从现在水框架的执行情况来看,由于各国的实际情况不同,水框架指令的执行又刚刚开始,效果并不明显,今后还有很多的工作要做. 相似文献
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《欧盟水框架指令》与水资源一体化管理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
旨在分析《欧盟水框架指令》如何与几次大型国际会议上制定的有关水资源一体化管理(IWRM)的国际原则相符的情况。将国际水与环境会议、第2届世界水论坛、国际淡水会议以及世界可持续发展峰会的成果与《欧盟水框架指令》进行了比较。即使几个欧盟国家在这几次会议上起到了主导作用,仍发现几种明显不符的情况。 相似文献
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欧盟水框架指令下法国水资源管理的创新 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从2000年以来,法国和所有欧盟成员国都已经在具体实施水资源一体化管理(IWRM)方面取得了一些进展.水框架指令(WFD)已经成为应对欧盟水资源问题的核心工具,各国在流域管理和跨界合作方面取得了更多的经验,并且在信息共享和能力建设方面也取得了进展.在欧洲大陆,尽管各国的制度和法规可能有所不同,但是在流域管理方面所面临的许多问题则是相同的.在欧盟内部,WFD在流域管理和跨界合作方面发挥着促进作用,并鼓励和推动各成员国与其他非欧盟国家进行合作.介绍了法国水资源管理进展及创新情况. 相似文献
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对旨在促进水资源保护的欧盟水框架指令(WFD)2000/60/EC进行检验,重点是改善地表水和地下水的生态和化学质量,并对供水成本进行了测算。WFD作为合适的可持续水资源管理系统中的一个工具,根据污染者付费原则,包含有供水全成本回收(FCR)概念。WFD确定了3项与水有关的不同成果,即资源成本(RC)、财务成本(FC)和环境成本(EC)。用能值方法从生物物理学角度对供水全部成本回收进行了测算,即确定来自不同水源的水的资源价值、与供水相关的全部经济成本,以及用水不善的社会成本,由此可分别计算水的资源成本、财务成本和环境成本。经分析得出,采用时空清晰的能值计算方法计算水的资源成本会有益于全成本回收。 相似文献
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欧盟水框架指令与水资源管理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
欧盟水框架指令(WFD)是近几十年来欧盟在水资源领域颁布的最重要指令。该指令致力于在2015年以前,在对水资源进行评估和大量监测的基础上,通过共同参与的流域管理规划系统,实现欧洲地区"良好的水状态"。贯彻指令需要大量跨学科或多学科、共同参与和重实效的科学研究。 相似文献
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WFD and agriculture activity of the EU: first linkages between the CAP and the WFD at EU level. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Within the "WFD and agriculture activity" both communities agreed to co-operate during implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and further development of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) at EU, Commission and the Member States levels. In intensive discussions including two congresses and biannual working group meetings, seven information reports were produced. Rural Development programmes are unanimously considered to be very powerful instrument to support WFD implementation. However, limited budgets, combined with the large extent of agricultural pressures will considerably restrain the results this instrument might deliver. Limited effects are also expected from the cross-compliance standards, mainly because: the standards do not cover all WFD aspects, and the existing legislation is not implemented with the same rigour in all the Member States. WFD provides additional powerful tools (River Basin Management Planning and Water Pricing discussion) to improve the situation, but the timetables of WFD and CAP do not fit each other. The activity should be continued with an intensive discussion on case and success stories in all the mentioned tools informing both policy areas for the planned evaluation of cross-compliance in 2007, and a mid-term evaluation on rural development in 2009. 相似文献
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R. Carballo J. J. Cancela G. Iglesias A. Marín X. X. Neira T. S. Cuesta 《Water Resources Management》2009,23(11):2231-2247
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to solve the problems derived from the use of water, a limited natural resource,
by extending the scope of protection to all water uses. The WDF defines the ecological status of water bodies by characterizing
each water body type and establishing conditions for the quality elements. This paper identifies valid indicators for defining
the ecological status of Estanco River Basin, located in the province of Lugo, NW of Spain, by using the methodology proposed
in the WFD. In addition, this study highlights the obstacles for a correct application of the WFD in the study river basin.
After characterization of the study river basin and establishment of specific reference conditions, this study presents conclusions
about the usefulness of the WFD in the development of specific programmes for improving the ecological status of rivers. 相似文献
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To present an alternative simple equation for reference evapotranspiration (ET o) estimation, the symbolic regression (SR) method was applied to establish equations with the same inputs to simple Hargreaves-Samani (HS) equation in arid China. For most of the equations derived by SR method for each station, their performance increased with an increase in the equation complex index (CI). The most precise equation performed well although it was always complex and greatly varied in form. On the other hand, the simplest one was uniform in equation structure and performed slightly better than the HS equation for all the five stations, and sometimes better than the local calibrated HS equation. A trade-off equation was selected with almost the same equation form for all the five stations and low CI index. The site-specific trade-off equation performed better than the simplest one and the locally calibrated HS equation. Then parameters in the trade-off equation were unified for all the five stations, it did not perform as good as the site-specific one, but performed better than the HS equation and unified local calibrated HS equation. Thus, the SR method is suitable to determine both the site-specific and the unified equation among stations for daily ET o calculation in arid regions. 相似文献
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《吉林水利》2015,(10)
为了研究分析在气候变化条件下通辽市参考作物腾发量的变化特征及其影响因素,本文以通辽地区1951―2014年的气象数据为基础,采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式对该地区的参考作物腾发量进行推算,分析其在年际间的变化趋势,并选取主要气象影响因素进行参考作物腾发量的敏感性分析。结果表明:(1)通辽市多年平均参考作物腾发量为2.75mm·d-1,年际间变化幅度相对较大,1951―2014年的参考作物腾发量在3.28―2.32 mm·d-1内波动。(2)该地区由于冬季处于冰冻状况,导致季节间参考作物腾发量差距较大,冬季平均日参考作物腾发量仅为0.73 mm·d-1,夏季高达4.36mm·d-1。(3)选取的4个主要影响因素中,日平均相对湿度的变动对参考作物腾发量的影响最大,其次为日最高温度、日平均风速、日照时数。 相似文献