组织治理、机会主义和内部审计

对于内部审计本质的不同认识直接影响内部审计制度构建和内部审计实践。沿着委托代理、组织治理、机会主义、问责机制到内部审计这个逻辑路径探究内部审计的本质。提出问责机制是应对机会主义的措施,内部审计是问责机制的重要构成要素,其基本功能是问责信息保障,问责主体还可以将问责机制中的其他权限配置给内部审计,从而在内部审计基本功能的基础上扩展出内部审计的辅助功能。以此为出发点,分析IIA对内部审计的界定,对现实生活中的内部审计多样化和差异化进行解释。     

股权激励中管理层的机会主义行为

很多国内外的理论与实证研究都表明,股权激励对于改善委托-代理问题有显著的正效应,但也有学者指出股权激励容易诱发管理层的机会主义行为。本文分析了上市公司管理层进行机会主义行为的动机、方式及时间节点,认为管理层在股权激励实施中的各个阶段都有进行机会主义行为的可能,并就此提出完善我国股权激励制度的政策建议。     

股权激励中管理层的机会主义行为

很多国内外的理论与实证研究都表明,股权激励对于改善委托-代理问题有显著的正效应,但也有学者指出股权激励容易诱发管理层的机会主义行为。本文分析了上市公司管理层进行机会主义行为的动机、方式及时间节点,认为管理层在股权激励实施中的各个阶段都有进行机会主义行为的可能,并就此提出完善我国股权激励制度的政策建议。     

注册会计师审计的舞弊行为探析

正注册会计师的审计行为是防范舞弊管理的重要经济体制之一,其本身运行的良性化关系到社会经济的稳定。注会审计存在舞弊行为致使舞弊管理防范体制丧失了最后的保护屏障。舞弊管理和审计舞弊共生于外部环境和内在机理条件中,审计舞弊较舞弊管理而言,其对国家经济的损害更大。因此,如何控制审计舞弊行为,切实治理注会审计舞弊行为已经成为人们必须重视的社会经济问题之一。我国注会体制在20世纪80年代得     

机会主义、问责需求和跟踪审计

中国式的跟踪审计历史不长,但显示出强大的生命力。理论上和实践中需要解决的一个重要的问题是,如何理性地选择跟踪审计。从机会主义和问责需求的视角探究如何理性选择跟踪审计分析表明,采用跟踪审计是有条件的,机会主义行为严重、问责需求强烈和审计资源充裕是三个主要的前提,离开这些前提,跟踪审计可能不一定是理性选择。     

加强审计监督遏制短期行为

加强审计监督遏制短期行为邓州市审计局对该市三家重点商贸企业的亏损情况进行了审计调查。通过调查了解到,这三家企业由盛变衰,经营艰难,虽有主客观因素影响,但缺乏必要的监督检查,短期行为严重,是比较突出的一个问题。一是花光吃净,缺乏积累。从调查的这三家重点...     

预算管理中机会主义行为研究综述

预算管理机会主义行为是企业预算管理过程中亟待解决的问题之一,由于预算松弛导致企业预算失灵的现象极为普遍,预算松弛问题也由此受到学者的关注.本文在对机会主义界定进行综述的基础上,提出预算机会主义行为的影响因素,以期为预算管理机会主义研究提供参考     

公共责任、机会主义和国家审计业务体系

现实生活中，国家审计业务类型多样化、国家审计边界模糊化。这些问题并没有得到系统的理论解释。本文按公共责任、机会主义、问责的路径来分析国家审计业务体系及其边界。国家审计属于问责机制信息保障机制，主要是通过信息鉴证的方式来确认公共责任机构是否存在机会主义行为。公共责任机制可能出现多种类型的机会主义行为，从而出现多种类型的审计业务，包括：财务合规性审计、经济性审计、财务报表审计、业务合规性审计、效果性审计、效率性审计。     

股权激励中存在机会主义择机行为吗

自股权激励制度改革以来,越来越多的上市公司为降低代理成本引入了股权激励政策。然而,国外的理论和实践表明,股权激励是一把"双刃剑",一方面起到降低代理成本的激励效果,另一方面又可能会引致管理人员的机会主义行为,在我国亦是如此。研究发现,我国上市公司在制定股权激励方案时,确实存在机会主义择机行为,并且进行深度择机的比重相对较大。     

股权激励中存在机会主义择机行为吗

自股权激励制度改革以来,越来越多的上市公司为降低代理成本引入了股权激励政策。然而,国外的理论和实践表明,股权激励是一把"双刃剑",一方面起到降低代理成本的激励效果,另一方面又可能会引致管理人员的机会主义行为,在我国亦是如此。研究发现,我国上市公司在制定股权激励方案时,确实存在机会主义择机行为,并且进行深度择机的比重相对较大。     

企业风险与审计师选择

信号传递理论认为,IPO市场中审计师选择可以作为信号机制,降低发行企业和投资者之间的信息不对称程度.本文以股权分置改革后我国证券发行制度向市场化过渡为背景,考察我国审计师声誉和IPO企业特征之间的关系.研究结果表明,在公司规模、资产负债率、资产净利率、投资银行声誉、公司成立时间这五个反映公司风险的变量中,公司规模、投资银行声誉、公司成立时间与是否选择大事务所进行审计有显著正相关关系,且大规模事务所审计的IPO企业的首日回报显著要低,这意味着大规模事务所的高声誉得到了市场的认可,审计师的信号传递功能在我国初步有效.     

独立审计责任规则探析

通过对信息不对称、外部性、有效预防与有效信赖的研究,从效率的角度提出独立审计责任规则的矛盾之处在于安排审计代理人对投资者损失承担责任会削弱对投资者的激励,而安排审计代理人逃避责任则会削弱对审计代理人的激励,并认为法律界以及公众与会计界分歧的焦点是如何区分与安排会计、审计和投资者的责任.     

The Communicative Value of the Auditor's Report

Communicating the results of the audit is a crucial part of the audit process. This potentially enables the users of financial reports to assess the quality of the audit, which will in turn contribute to their assessments of financial reporting quality. This research reports the results of a verbal protocol study of 16 financial analysts to assess how they use an auditor's report as part of a company evaluation. Auditors’ reports perse are found to be important to analysts in that they signal a level of reliability in the financial statements. However, the content of the auditor's report, including the additional content of the recently issued longer form auditor's report (ISA 700, ASA 700), generally was not attended to by the analysts. This suggests the communicative value of the auditor's report is minimal beyond signalling the elevated reliability of the financial statements.     

Great Expectations: Public Perceptions Of The Auditor's Role

The professional accounting bodies in Australia have undertaken a study of the "expectation gap" in perceptions of the auditing role and concluded that the public's image of the auditing profession will be enhanced if the differences in attitudes can be minimised. This paper analyses the views of auditors and financial report users about what the role of the auditor and the nature of an audit should be. The most significant differences between the auditors and the user groups relate to whether the auditor should be responsible for preventing and detecting fraud, detecting illegal acts, reporting whether the company is a reliable debtor or loan prospect and reporting the degree of confidence he or she has that the correct audit opinion has been issued. Where the differences represent "deficient standards" or "unreasonable expectations", the professional bodies should consider changing auditor responsibilities or attempting to change users' attitudes.     

备战新审计报告

重振审计报告的重要性 回想一下审计报告的内容,多数人很可能只记得审计意见.目前,准则制定者、监管机构、审计师、财务报告编制者及投资者已共同在全球范围内开启了一场变革之旅,旨在重新唤起社会公众对审计报告的兴趣.     

Auditor's Reputation and Equity Offerings: The Case of Arthur Andersen

The certifying and monitoring role of auditors is valuable to clients. By examining the impact of Arthur Andersen's worsening reputation on its clients, we find a 200 basis point more negative reaction to seasoned equity offering (SEO) announcements for firms audited by Andersen. The median firm in our sample loses 31.4 million more than a non-Andersen client. We do not find any unusual underpricing for these SEOs, which suggests that any accounting concerns about the issuers are resolved before the issue dates.     

An Investigation of Framing and Firm Size on the Auditor's Going Concern Decision

This study investigated the effects of framed information and firm size on the auditor's going concern report modification decision. Framing has been shown to affect individual decision-making in a variety of contexts. Investigations of framing effects in an audit context have reported mixed results. The findings of this study indicate that auditors are susceptible to the effect of framed information. Previous research has reported that auditors from small firms may be less conservative in audit disclosure recommendations than auditors associated with larger firms. This study evaluated the going concern decisions of auditors from three firm sizes: local/regional, a large non-Big Six firm, and a Big Six audit firm. Results indicate that differences in the report issued do exist across firm size. Possible explanations for the reported results are discussed.     

供应商/客户关系型交易、盈余管理与审计师决策

本文基于2007—2013年A股上市公司披露的向前五名供应商、客户采销额占年度采销总额比例数据,实证检验了企业的供应商/客户关系型交易是否会影响其盈余管理程度,以及由供应商/客户关系型交易决定的那部分预期盈余管理是否会影响外部审计师的决策。研究发现,供应商/客户关系型交易能够在一定程度上解释企业的盈余管理行为。进一步的经验证据表明,由供应商/客户关系型交易决定的预期盈余管理显著影响了审计师关于审计意见、审计收费的决策。本文从一个独特的视角揭示了供应商/客户关系型交易对会计信息质量和审计师决策的影响机理和作用途径,为投资者、监管层和审计师从企业供应链关系的角度理解其财务会计行为的发生机理提供了有价值的参考,也为针对会计信息质量、审计师行为的深入研究开辟了崭新的视角。     

Auditor's Engagement Risk and Audit Fees: The Role of Audit Firm Alumni

Abstract:  This study explores the effect of the association of audit firm alumni with their alma mater on audit prices. The tests indicate that there is a moderate reduction of up to 21% in the level of audit fee when alumni (i.e., former employees) of the incumbent audit firm sit on the client board of directors which is consistent with the engagement risk theory. This suggests that there is an 'alumni effect' in the market for audit services. The findings hold only in the large company segment of the market. The results are robust to different model specifications and alternative samples. The sample comprises all executive and non-executive directors who run the UK quoted companies and are simultaneously ICAEW qualified chartered accountants. The study's implications for the accounting profession and the regulators are also discussed.     

The Persistence of Opportunistic Insider Trading

We study the drivers of persistent insider trading profitability by examining the trades of insiders whose past trades have been profitable. We find that the current transactions of these persistently profitable (PP) insiders better predict firm performance than those of other insiders. The relative abnormal performance is more pronounced for trades of insiders who are managers rather than large shareholders or unaffiliated insiders and for trades in firms with weaker governance and greater information asymmetry. The trades of PP insiders also better predict earnings surprises, major corporate news, and analyst revisions. Collectively, these results indicate that PP insider transactions provide valid signals regarding future firm performance and that persistence in profitability is driven by informational advantages.