转轨时期我国民营企业与银行紧密型银企关系的构建

我国民营企业与银行之间的松散割裂型银企关系现状使得民营企业面临严重的融资难问题.在转轨经济时期,民营企业与银行构建新型紧密型银企关系是最适合的选择.民营大企业可以和银行建立关系型合作关系.民营中小企业可以实施主办银行制度.民营企业与银行紧密型银企关系的建立离不开银行和企业各自的改革和努力,也离不开信用制度的完善和政府政策的支持.     

破解我国中小企业信贷融资难的对策

学术界就中小企业信贷融资难的问题进行了广泛研究。笔者认为，问题的根源在于银行和民营企业间的信息不对称。首先，信息不对称使银行出于成本效益考虑而惜贷。其次，信息不对称也将使中小企业面临信贷配给的困境。再次，在契约不完全和银行监督非有效时提高贷款利率，道德陷阱的存在可能把中小企业吸引到高风险项目上去。     

银行信贷配给下的我国中小企业融资问题研究——基于内生化企业规模和抵押品价值模型视界

文章在内生化企业规模和抵押品价值模型基础上对在激励相容和信贷配给条件下银行和贷款企业行为进行分析,研究表明,抵押品价值过高是当前我国中小企业融资难的主要原因。一方面银行在信贷配给条件下通过抵押品价值限制许多中小企业进入信贷市场,另一方面因为抵押品价值过高许多中小企业降低了对低风险项目的贷款意愿。     

信任视角下的民间金融发展问题研究

民间金融为广大民营中小企业提供了信贷支持,对我国经济发展产生了积极影响。研究表明,信任能够加强民间金融交易双方合作关系、降低企业融资成本、防止机会主义行为、促进融资规模的扩大以及融资效率的提高。     

资本监管、银行规模与小微信贷激励

本文基于2013—2018年我国银行小微信贷数据,考察了资本监管、银行规模与小微信贷的关系。研究表明,大银行能为信息较为完备的小微企业提供更多信贷资金,中小银行在信贷服务中对小微企业的包容性更高。资本监管对不同规模银行小微信贷的影响存在异质性和非线性特征,随着银行对资本监管政策适应性的提高,监管压力不断降低,大银行小微信贷呈现出先增后减趋势,中小银行呈现出先减后增趋势。资本监管与中小银行小微信贷的关系,受大银行挤出效应的显著影响。此外,本文还发现金融科技有助于降低资本监管压力对银行小微信贷的影响,对小微信贷的稳定发展具有积极作用。     

中小企业信贷市场的监控研究——基于信息和产品差异化模型

中小企业信用缺损成为中小企业陷入融资困境并制约其发展的重要原因,但中小企业信贷市场风险高,对中小企业信贷市场的监控便成为研究的重要课题.银行监控中小企业信贷市场的有效途径之一是对借主的事前监控.构建监控模型和产品差异化模型在于银行利用资源在发放贷款之前监测企业,通过银行获取信息或者在市场力(产品差异化)投资模型的分析表明两种选择产生不同的预测,即银行加大分支机构和人力资本的投入,有利于提高信息获取的范围以及信息获取的准确性,但对市场力增长不显著;银行对借主资金交易的管理有利于提高借贷风险控制能力.     

垄断型信贷市场融资担保问题分析--以民营中小企业融资为例

民营中小企业在转型经济条件下的垄断型信贷市场中很容易受到信贷歧视,商业银行对此类企业的"惜贷"乃至拒贷不仅反映出非公有制经济主体差强人意的融资地位,而且从一个侧面折射出计划金融体制对于商业银行市场化改革的种种束缚作用以及在金融改革滞后的情况下商业银行信贷行为的严重不合理性.本文试图通过建立一个垄断型信贷市场融资担保模型来分析市场垄断和利率管制对民营中小企业融资的不利影响,担保对于缓解民营中小企业融资难问题所能发挥的积极作用,以此说明改革我国金融体制、开放信贷市场和实行利率自由化的必要性.     

不对称信息下农村中小企业的信贷配给

我国农村中小企业规模小,产品和技术落后,且治理结构不规范,讲信用不够,特别是财务信息不透明,在与银行的信贷融资中存在严重的信息不对称,使银行的信贷风险上升,交易成本增加。由此导致银行的信贷配给,也使农村中小企业面临融资信贷难。为此,本文提出一些缓解银行对农村中小企业信贷配给的对策措施。     

加快中小金融机构的发展

1·鼓励中小金融机构的创立。解决中小企业间接融资不足,关键还是培养一批与之相匹配的中小金融机构,特别是民营金融机构。而现有国有大银行垄断的机制显然是不可能解决这一困境的。在短期内建立中小金融机构体系存在一定困难。在这样的客观情况下,国有大银行可以通过体制方面的创新,将资产情况良好的分支行改建为具有独立法人结构的金融控股子公司。这些子公司可以突破法律、法规方面的障碍,建立现代商业银行营销管理模式,采用有针对性的服务方式,围绕客户需要为中小企业提供信贷、代理、咨询及参股等全方位的金融服务。2·在规范、整顿中…     

信贷配给、影子银行监管与中国民营企业融资

影子银行是信贷配给条件下民营企业融资的代偿性制度安排,治理影子银行风险将导致民营企业融资约束进一步收紧.本文构建了一个引入"信贷配给强度"的DSGE模型,提出信贷配给强度是驱动影子规模变动的重要动因,金融监管对民营企业融资的影响程度受信贷配给强度影响,治理信贷配给问题可以缓解金融监管与民营企业融资间的政策冲突,并在长期内实现影子银行的自我抑制."十四五"时期应以大力发展普惠金融为契机,探索纠正信贷配给的制度化政策框架;改革优化政策性金融体系,搭建支持民营中小企业的信用供给基础设施.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.