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1.
Mingxia Zhu Zhiqiong June Wang Hong Rose Quan 《Frontiers of Business Research in China》2011,5(1):3-22
This paper examines factors associated with international franchising firms’ entry modes when they enter the Chinese market.
To this end, a survey was conducted to investigate the linkage between entry modes and characteristics of franchising firms.
The logit model and regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses. Findings reveal four factors that significantly
influence international franchisors’ entry mode choices including cultural and geographic distance, international market experience,
risk spreading, and maturity of the franchising system. 相似文献
2.
Determinants of Managerial Values on Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article empirically investigates how Chinese executives and managers perceive and interpret corporate social responsibility
(CSR), to what extent firms’ productive characteristics influence managers’ attitudes towards their CSR rating, and whether
their values in favour of CSR are positively correlated to firms’ economic performance. Although a large proportion of respondents
express a favourable view of CSR and a willingness to participate in socially responsible activities, we find that the true
nature of their assertion is linked to entrepreneurs’ instincts of gaining economic benefits. It is the poorly performing
firms, or rather, firms with vulnerable indicators – smaller in size, State-owned, producing traditional goods and located
in poorer regions that are more likely to have managers who opt for a higher CSR rating. Managers’ personal characteristics
per se are not significant in determining their CSR choice. Moreover, controlling for other observed variables, we find that managers’
CSR orientation is positively correlated with their firms’ performance. The better-off a firm is, the more likely its manager
is to get involve in CSR activities. Firms with better economic performance before their restructuring would sustain higher
post-restructuring performance. 相似文献
3.
Christopher Baughn Nancy L. Bodie Mark A Buchanan Michael B. Bixby 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,92(1):15-32
Globalization leads to cross-border business transactions between societies with very different norms and regulations regarding
bribery. Bribery in international business transactions can be seen as a function of not only the demand for such bribes in
different countries, but the supply, or willingness to provide bribes by multinational firms and their representatives. This
study addresses the propensity of firms from 30 different countries to engage in international bribery. The study incorporates
both domestic (economic development, culture, and domestic corruption in the supplying country) and international factors
(those countries’ patterns of trade and involvement in international accords) in explaining the willingness to bribe abroad.
The propensity to provide bribes was the lowest when corruption was not tolerated in the multinational firms’ home countries,
when the firms’ countries were signatories of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) anti-bribery
convention, and when those countries traded heavily with wealthier nations. Further, these findings are maintained when controlling
for levels of economic development and cultural values in the supplying country. In terms of culture, firms from high power
distance countries showed a somewhat greater propensity for providing bribes in transactions with less-developed nations. 相似文献
4.
This article develops and tests resource dependency and institutional theory arguments to explain two choices facing SME owner/managers:
(1) the decision whether to export or not and (2) if the firm exports, the choice between a direct (to customers abroad) and
an indirect (using another firm as intermediary) export mode. Binomial logistic regressions on our sample of 871 Dutch SMEs
suggest that institutional theory perspectives (owner/managers’ perception of the increased international presence of their
domestic competitors, customers' and suppliers' and perceptions of increased use of foreign suppliers) explain the decision
to export, while resource dependency theory arguments (owner/managers’ perception of the favorability of access to knowledge
and technology, of production costs and of access to capital in the home market) guide the choice between direct and indirect
export modes. 相似文献
5.
Social capital in relation to the foreign market entry and post-entry operations of family SMEs 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Scholars in the discipline of international entrepreneurship have mainly studied rapidly internationalizing firms. However,
the majority of entrepreneurial firms are family-owned businesses (85% of all firms in the EU and the USA). Research on family
business has focused on the importance of bonding social capital whereas, despite its importance, bridging social capital
has not so far attracted much attention. It has been argued that bridging social capital plays an important role in firms’
internationalization processes. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of bridging social capital in the initial
entry and post-entry operations of eight family SMEs with regard to the French market. We found that in foreign market entry
social capital generally had a serendipity role, based on weak and intermediary relationships. In the post-entry situation,
the role of strong and formal ties emerged strongly, and social capital most commonly took on efficacy or liability roles.
Thus, it seems that the social capital of family entrepreneurs is limited to their strong bonding social capital, and perhaps
to their strong national social capital. However, when such firms start to internationalize, they have to find new networks
to gain the bridging social capital that will enable foreign operations. It seems that having a limited number of international
ties drives family SMEs to search for relevant contacts at international trade exhibitions and trade fairs. 相似文献
6.
Economic openness, both in terms of increased international trade exposure and enhanced inter-firm networking, has been a
key element of China’s economic emergence since the implementation of market reforms and the “opening-up policy” over 30 years
ago. Unfortunately, these changes have also coincided with the increased incidence of bribery and corruption. Both in general,
and in the specific context of China, research on the relationship between a firm’s tendency toward openness and its propensity
to engage in bribery is scarce. This study seeks to fill this gap based on empirical evidence provided by a large sample of
Chinese firms. The findings of the study reveal that firms’ increased networking and openness tend to occur contemporaneously
with greater bribery and corruption. We suggest that this may be due to the misuse of guanxi-based networks that coincide
with the presence of firms’ open network strategies, heightened by the potential loss of resource and capability heterogeneity
(and hence reduced competitive advantages) in the context of openness. We further find that firms paying bribes do so as an
attempt to overcome unnecessary bureaucratic processes and ineffective institutional support that might tend to hinder their
development. 相似文献
7.
This research investigates the nature of strategic partnering activities of software SMEs (small-to-medium-sized enterprises),
their motivations to engage in strategic partnerships as part of the internationalisation process, the key benefits achieved
and the main challenges encountered. It explores managers’ perceptions of partnership activities through a qualitative research
methodology focussing on Irish indigenous firms. Findings suggest that strategic partnerships were initiated to take advantage
of firm synergy, reputation and credibility advantages. Partnerships also served as an important foreign market entry mechanism
allowing firms to accelerate sales cycles and reduce risk in overseas markets. Challenges facing firms included partner selection
and issues of control. Directions for further research are highlighted. 相似文献
8.
Dave Crick 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2007,5(1-2):11-23
A body of research exists in the area of international entrepreneurship and a number of motives for internationalizing have
been identified. However, once firms commence exporting, mixed results have been found in respect of the most appropriate
market servicing strategy. This paper reports on findings from a survey of UK small to medium enterprises investigating their
motives for internationalizing. Multivariate quantitative analysis of survey data and subsequent findings from interviews
indicate that differences exist between two groups of firms, that is, those that employ as a strategy an approach that concentrates
on key overseas markets compared with those that spread their efforts over a number of markets. However, perhaps more important
is the finding that managers’ commitment to overseas activities has a strong influence over and above the strategy employed
and this change over time is likely to affect the market servicing strategy employed. 相似文献
9.
Drivers of Environmental Disclosure and Stakeholder Expectation: Evidence from Taiwan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article investigates stakeholder expectations associated with corporate environmental disclosure. Several articles have
studied the effect that stakeholder pressure has on environmental disclosing strategies. In this article, we extend previous
research to an examination of the influence of external, internal, and intermediary stakeholder groups or constituencies in
turn to clarify the demands of multiple stakeholders as to firms’ disclosure of sufficient and adequate environmental information.
The sample comprised Taiwanese firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Our results show that the level of environmental
disclosure is significantly affected by stakeholder groups’ demands. External stakeholder groups, such as the government,
debtors, and consumers, exert a strong influence over management intentions regarding the extent of environmental disclosure.
Internal stakeholder groups, such as shareholders and employees, impose additional pressures on firms to disclose environmental
information. As for intermediate stakeholder groups, environmental protection organizations, and accounting firms, these can
greatly influence managerial choices regarding their environmental disclosure strategies. 相似文献
10.
Elena Fraj-Andrés Eva Martinez-Salinas Jorge Matute-Vallejo 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(2):263-286
Since it implies a reduction in the quality and the quantity of the natural resources, environmental degradation is a present
day problem that requires immediate solutions. This situation is driving firms to undertake an environmental transformation
process with the purpose of reducing the negative externalities that come from their economic activities. Within this context,
environmental marketing is an emerging business philosophy by which organizations can address sustainability issues. Moreover,
environmental marketing and orientation are seen as valuable strategies to improve a firm’s competitiveness. However, the
literature that has analyzed the link between environmental strategies and firms’ results has been inconclusive and contradictory.
In this study, we propose and test a model that analyses how the implementation of ecological issues within a firm’s marketing
strategy and orientation influences organizational results. Data were obtained through a survey sent to Spanish manufacturing
firms. The results show that environmental marketing positively affects firms’ operational and commercial performance and
this improvement will influence their economic results. Moreover, environmental marketing is revealed as an excellent strategy
to obtain competitive advantages in costs and in product differentiation. Thus, this study agrees with the researchers who
affirm that environmental strategies positively affect firm’s competitiveness while reducing environmental impact. 相似文献
11.
Impact of firm size and age on the export behaviour of small locally owned firms: Fresh insights 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Densil Anthony Williams 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2011,9(2):152-174
This paper analyses the impact of size and age on small firms’ export behaviour. A review of the literature reveals that the
extant conclusions are fragmented, inconclusive and limited in geographical scope. This study aims to address these limitations
by analysing small, locally owned firms’ export behaviour from a novel location that has never been studied in the extant
literature. The study draws on data from Jamaica, a small, open Caribbean economy. The statistical analysis revealed that
size, not age, has a significant impact on export behaviour. Furthermore, other factors such as the owner’s previous international
job experience and foreign travel experience also play an important role. These findings have implications for future research
on the export behaviour of small firms, especially those from emerging environments. In addition, they provide export policy
makers who are engaged in export stimulation among small, locally owned firms, with profile of firms that have a greater proclivity
to export. 相似文献
12.
Drawing on risk mitigation theory, this article examines whether the improvement of firms’ social performance reduces debt
financing costs (CDFs) in China, the world’s largest emerging market. Employing both the ordinary least square (OLS) and the
two-stage instrumental variable regression methods, we find that improved corporate social responsibility (CSR) reduces the
CDF when firms’ CSR investment is lower than an optimal level; however, this relationship is reversed after the CSR investment
exceeds the optimal level. Firms with extremely low or extremely high CSR are subject to a higher CDF. The results also suggest
that the optimal CSR level for small firms is higher than that for large firms. This study is the first to document a U-shaped
relationship between CSR and CDF and also the first to investigate this relationship within an emerging market context. 相似文献
13.
Matthias Ehrgott Felix Reimann Lutz Kaufmann Craig R. Carter 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,98(1):99-119
Despite the growing public awareness of social sustainability issues, little is known about what drives firms to emphasize
social criteria in their supplier management practices and what the precise benefits of such efforts are. This is especially
true for relationships with international suppliers from the world’s emerging economies in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern
Europe. Building on stakeholder theory, we address the issue by examining how pressures from customers, the government, and
employees as primary constituencies of the firm determine the extent to which firms consider social aspects in the selection
of emerging economy suppliers. Further, we analyze how such socially sustainable supplier selection relates to the capabilities
of the firm’s suppliers, its market reputation, and the learning in its supply management organization. We test the developed
research framework empirically using data from 244 U.S. and German corporations. Our findings, consistent with our hypothesized
model, suggest that middle-level supply managers as internal stakeholders play a major driving role for firms’ socially sustainable
supplier selection, and that strong positive links exist between that selection and the investigated outcomes. 相似文献
14.
张然 《Frontiers of Business Research in China》2009,3(2):301-322
This paper examines cash flow management in the Chinese market and compares it to that in the U.S. market. It adopts Burgstahler
and Dichev (1997) and Degeorge et al.’s (1999) method and the best-fitted distribution model to analyze the financial data
of Chinese listed firms during 1998–2005 and the forecasted cash flow per share (CPS) data for Chinese firms in the I/B/E/S
database during 1993–2005. Results reveal that cash flows reports are not as reliable as people think, and managers manipulate
cash flows just as they manipulate earnings.
Further analyses show that zero point, last year’s cash flow and analyst cash flow forecast are the three thresholds that
influence managers’ decision when they report cash flow performance. Over 16% of the firms with small positive cash flows
manipulate their cash flow. Moreover, 16.64% of the firms with small changes in cash flow and 9.81% of the firms with small
surprises manipulate cash flows to reach the targets. A comparative analysis shows that cash flow management behaviors around
zero and zero changes are more prevalent in the Chinese market than in the U.S. market. Cash flow management around analyst
cash flow forecasts, however, is no more prevalent than that in the U.S. market.
Translated and revised from Zhongguo Kuaiji Pinglun 中国会计评论 (China Accounting Review), 2007, 5(3): 381–400 相似文献
15.
《Journal of World Business》2007,42(3):322-335
This paper analyzes which characteristics of born global firms determine their choice for international entry mode. Using a logistic regression analysis, we study 124 newly public firms in the United States that undertake 261 international joint ventures or international acquisitions within the first 6 years of their founding. We find that the market responds positively to announcements of international expansions by born global firms, and that larger, more profitable, and more liquid firms have a higher propensity to engage in joint ventures rather than acquisitions. We also find that the market favors firms that announce joint ventures, rewarding them with significantly positive abnormal returns. Furthermore, while we find that cultural similarity affects mode choice, it does not affect the market's reaction to the announcements. 相似文献
16.
Recent perspectives on a capabilities view of the firm often recognize the need for firms to develop an external organization.
From a relational view of the industry, the external organization may include economic and non-economic exchange relationships.
The decision to combine both types of relationships and its relevance for the firm can be linked to their role for accessing,
generating and diffusing knowledge. More often than not, these decisions are however not unilateral. This paper discusses
the potential role that Technological Centers (TC’s), created by the collective initiative of some local firms, can play as
part of firms’ external organizations and emphasizes TC’s role in connecting economic and non-economic exchange relationships.
It is further suggested that the diverse motives and benefits perceived by firms in relating in and across the TC’s and, in
general, the relevance of sharing experiences within these contexts, should be seen in the wider context of firms’ specific
and idiosyncratic trajectories. 相似文献
17.
This article examines whether (1) government intervention causes bribery (or corruption) as rent-seeking theory suggested;
(2) a firm’s perceived benefit partially mediates the relationship between government intervention and its bribing behavior,
as rational choice/behavior theory suggested; and (3) other firms’ bribing behavior moderates the relationship between government
intervention and a firm’s perceived benefit. Our study shows that government intervention causes bribery/corruption indeed,
but it exerts its effect on bribery/corruption through the firm’s perceived benefit. In other words, a firm’s perceived benefit
fully mediates the relationship between government intervention and its bribing behavior. We also find that other firms’ bribery
positively moderates the relationship between government intervention and a given firm’s bribery. This study partly proves
that firms are rational actors. Potential benefit encourages them to practice bribery. Besides, this research also supports
the rent-seeking view of bribery/corruption, which argues that government intervention is a source of bribery/corruption.
However, we have also identified that only those government interventions that will create “rent” can cause bribery/corruption. 相似文献
18.
This paper studies the effects of local market attributes on local firms’ exports of innovations. Our starting point are three
common hypotheses. First, innovations are a major determinant for the export performance of firms. Second, user–producer interaction
is an important factor for successful innovations. Third, user–producer interaction is most efficient in close proximity.
Taken together this would mean that intense local user–producer interaction increases exports. This reasoning contradicts
a main proposition in international management that overt local responsiveness may be hampering export chances of a firm.
In order to generate global innovations, an international firm should look at the world market instead, for instance by identifying
the global common denominator of national preferences. Yet, many local innovations have become globally successful. This paper
investigates the question to what extent local demand is capable of inducing innovations that are export effective. We utilize
data from the German innovation survey of 4,786 firms in the manufacturing and service industries. In this survey firms were
asked about the sources of their innovation and their export activities. We find evidence that the export orientation and
the domestic demand structure stimulate export success. 相似文献
19.
Sarianna Lundan John Hagedoorn 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2001,8(2):229-242
This paper reviews recent empirical evidence to assess the implications of alliance formation and increasing merger and acquisition activity of multinationals in the context of the eclectic paradigm. Specifically, the paper will concentrate on the performance implications of international expansion via alliances and mergers, and their relationship to the so-called asset-augmenting foreign direct investment. It has been argued in the literature that the way in which multinationals are able to build on their existing advantages and to add to them by virtue of their international activities confers specific benefits to multinationality. We argue that the growth of cross-border acquisitions and alliances as modalities for international expansion has resulted from the continuing convergence of value-adding capabilities within the Triad, and while such activity can help to augment the asset base of the investing firms, it also has potentially anti-competitive implications. 相似文献
20.
An Analysis of Cause-Related Marketing Implementation Strategies Through Social Alliance: Partnership Conditions and Strategic Objectives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cause-related marketing (CRM) is an effective marketing tool for promoting corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities
and the bulk of campaigns are designed and delivered through collaborative ‘social’ alliances with non-profit organisations
(NPOs). The authors seek to uncover some of the factors that explain how firms and NPOs choose their potential partners in
the development of their CRM strategy. The rationales for the observed patterns are investigated through semi-structured interviews
conducted with managers employed by the UK-based firms and NPOs. The authors find that each party has specific preferences
when choosing the particular CRM implementation strategies in different situations, as well as different initial positions
when negotiating the formation of the social alliance. This article contributes to our understanding of the CRM implementation
strategies and both the company’s and the NPO’s behaviours toward each of the strategies. 相似文献