基于 G I S 开发房地产估价信息系统的设想

通过对房地产价格影响因素的分析，阐述了建立房地产估价信息系统的必要性和重要性，提出了基于 Ｇ Ｉ Ｓ开发房地产估价信息系统的基本思路和技术方案     

基于GIS的城镇土地估价信息系统设计

土地定级估价信息系统是一种应用空间信息系统的理论和技术方法,在以计算机制图为核心的硬、软件支持下,采用人机对话的交互方式,建立定级估价数据处理的全数字处理方式模式的计算机系统。     

基于组件式GIS的土地估价参数信息系统设计与开发

在分析组件式GIS技术的基础上提出了将GIS技术应用于土地估价参数信息系统的设计思路,并介绍了系统的组织框架和面向对象的数据库设计思想在该系统中的应用,然后分析在GIS技术支持下系统的数据查询、统计分析和地图显示等主要功能的实现。为向土地管理部门和研究人员提供土地市场信息,并为土地估价师提供评估参数的参考值。     

成果更需严把关——关于加强土地估价报告质量监管的思考

土地估价报告是土地估价师的工作成果,是全面、公正、客观、准确地记述估价过程和估价成果的文件,是给委托估价方的书面答复,是关于估价对象的客观合理价格或价值的研究报告。一份合格的土地估价报告,应该是对估价对象登记和权利状     

耕地定级估价技术路线及方法探讨

文章给出了定级估价的整体思路和技术路线，以定级为基础，定级与估价有机结合；对定级与估价的方法进行了讨论，提出了因素多级综合评判法为定级的基本方法，收益还原法为估价的首选方法；分别介绍了定级与估价的程序、步骤。     

土地估价信息公示的研究与实现

为向社会展示土地估价机构的土地估价信息,并让土地估价师了解土地估价的执业信息,实现土地评估的公开、公正、公平。利用计算机、互联网、信息处理、数据库管理等项技术,将土地估价信息,进行公开发布、在线数据上报、在线投诉、后台信息处理。从而实现社会和行政主管部门对土地估价机构监管的信息化,提高土地估价行业信息资源管理和信息服务水平。     

生态资产估价方法研究进展

介绍和分析国内外生态资产估价方法的研究进展 ,为中国开展生态资产估价提供借鉴。采用文献资料法和比较分析法。中国已初步形成了条件价值法、费用支出法、市场价值法和价值能值法等生态资产估价方法 ,但这些方法在理论上尚存在一定的缺陷 ,特别是中国对这些方法的研究起步晚 ,不够深入系统 ,所以应深入开展生态资产估价方法研究 ,探寻适合中国不同地区和不同资产类型的估价方法。     

森林绿色核算中环境服务估价方法综述和比较

综述和比较了国内外森林绿色核算中的环境服务估价方法。指出:森林环境服务实际上是指森林的间接效益,主要包括森林生态效益和社会效益。联合国等在综合环境经济核算体系中推荐的森林环境服务估价方法主要为基于成本的估价法和基于损害/受益的估价法。不同的方法估算相同的环境服务项目,结果相差几倍到几十倍不等。因此,对于森林环境服务估价来说,选择科学的估价方法非常重要,并建议我国应采用联合国等推荐的方法进行环境服务估价。     

基于ArcEngine的城镇土地定级估价信息系统设计与实现

研究目的:通过研发新的城镇土地定级估价系统,弥补现有土地定级、估价系统存在的不足,以期更好地为国土管理,城镇土地市场的正常、高效、科学运转提供保障。研究方法:组件式地理信息系统,Kriging插值技术,多次方差。研究结果:研发了基于Arc Engine的重庆市土地定级估价系统,该系统包含了土地定级和土地估价两个部分,增加了障碍因素分析模块,在系统研发的同时制定了定级估价数据库标准,提升了系统的通用性。研究结论:应用于重庆市进行实例验证,得到的结果基本符合重庆市的土地等级和基准地价的实际情况。     

城镇土地估价的相关技术标准分析--<城镇土地估价规程>与<房地产估价规范>比较

研究目的比较分析<城镇土地估价规程>与<房地产估价规范>在技术标准上的差异性,确定未来城镇土地估价的技术规范方向.研究方法文献资料法和比较分析法.研究结果(1)两个技术标准都强调价格的正常性,但土地估价更多从权益角度考虑,突出出让土地使用权的地位,房地产估价更多地从正常市场交易的价格前提考虑,从而导致估价基础的差异;(2)二者估价的方法相近,但术语用词、应用要求存在差别,特别是基准地价的制定和应用在土地估价中有着重要的地位;(3)对土地权益和与之相关的估价目的,土地估价重视不同用途和各种权利状况下的估价操作,房地产估价则重视具体目的估价时对合法原则的遵循.研究结论两个技术标准应逐步统一,以适应规范市场的发展需要,其关键在于明确基准地价在中国估价技术中的重要地位；规范统一专业术语；统一估价目的方法应用要求。     

LADM-based profile for farmland Tripartite Entitlement System in China

Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has undergone a promotion of industrialisation, urbanisation and agricultural modernisation. This promotion has triggered the mass migration of rural labour forces into cities, leading to the virtual situation of the separation of farmland contract and operation rights. To respond to this issue, the central government proposed a strategy of farmland reform in China. Such reform aims to transform the former ‘Bipartite Entitlement System’ into a ‘Tripartite Entitlement System (TES)’.¹ Land registration provides the means for recognising formalised property rights and regulating the characteristics and transfer of land-related rights. As for farmland registration in China, it serves as a basis to explore effective forms of collective farmland ownership by implementing collective farmland ownership, stabilising farmers’ contract rights and liberalising farmland operation rights. Thus, in this study, on the basis of the farmland tripartite entitlement (hereinafter referred to as ‘FTE’) reform in China, we develop a Land Administration Domain Model (LADM)-based TES model that will serve as the basis of subsequent system development. Specifically, first, we summarise the evolution process of China’s farmland rights system since the foundation of new China. Second, we propose a farmland rights system after the FTE reform. Then, the corresponding TES model is developed based on the LADM standard and some instance-level diagrams for farmland administration activities. The new functionality of the model includes improved structuring of farmland rights and restrictions (and related source documents) and improved expansion of the land information infrastructure to rural areas.     

美国国家公园系统发展及旅游服务研究

结合定量和定性2种方法研究美国国家公园系统的发展、旅游服务及对美国经济的影响。结果表明:美国国家公园系统的发展体现5个阶段;国家公园和国家游憩区是接待游客最多的两类区域,但国家公园接待游客的强度较低;美国国家公园系统的旅游服务对美国的经济(GDP)和社会就业产生了一定的影响。分析与探讨美国国家公园系统的发展历程及旅游服务可以为中国风景名胜区、森林公园、地质公园的合理开发与管理提供有益借鉴。     

典型国家（地区）农地流转的案例及其启示

农地流转和适度规模经营已成为新时期我国农村改革的重大政策之一。该文选择了美国、日本、中国台湾和越南作为不同土地制度、资源条件背景下农地流转的典型案例,侧重介绍这些国家(地区)推行农地流转和规模经营的做法和经验,总结得到土地流转机制建设的四点启示:(1)土地产权边界清晰是农村土地流转的前提条件;(2)经营权与所有权的分离加速了农村土地的流转;(3)相关配套机制的完善是农村土地流转的重要保障;(4)专门的中介机构为农村土地充分流转提供了平台。     

中国白蜡虫的养殖及白蜡的西传

蚕、蜂与白蜡虫是中国著名的三大养殖昆虫。白蜡虫[Ericerus pela(Chavannes)]俗称蜡虫，白蜡(Cera chinensis，也称虫白蜡)实即白蜡虫的分泌物，为中国特产。中国放养蜡虫，始於九世纪前，宋、元间已有正确详实的文献记载，至明时大盛，川滇、湖广、江浙均有养殖。在清朝及民国时期中国西南仍有大规模养殖，成为一种生产昆虫化工产品的“昆虫工厂”。在近代石油蜡与启前，中国白蜡(Chinese wax)独放异彩，新近因昆虫蜡性质独特而优异，又有渐起之机。本文探讨了中国养殖蜡虫的历史和养殖蜡虫事业的发展和白蜡西传欧洲的过程．为进一步研究中国经济昆虫养殖史奠定基础。     

村镇银行发展问题研究

本文分析了村镇银行发展状况,讨论了村镇银行发展存在若干瓶颈问题,特别是发起行控股使得村镇银行出现准入制度门槛高、民营资本较难进入、管理受限等问题,提出了对村镇银行改革发起行制度约束等系列解困思路。     

The modification of North China quadrangles in response to rural social and economic changes in agricultural villages: 1970–2010s

In Chinese agricultural villages, housing provides multiple functions for rural households. With the transition of state policies and regional socio-economic development in China over the last 40 years, farmers have modified the layout and form of rural housing to adapt to the shifts in their livelihoods and lifestyles. Rural housing built by the remittances of migrant workers has produced negative externalities in densely populated agricultural regions, whilst in some villages, traditional housing has been demolished as part of settlement rationalization plans, with peasants relocated to apartment-style housing. These practices have been controversial and generated conflicts between peasants and local governments. Thus, rural housing has become a theoretical and practical problem in rural China that cannot be resolved with a “one-size-fits-all plan or policy”. Based on field surveys and interviews in three case villages, this paper examines how the form and layout of North China quadrangles (NCQs, or Huabei siheyuan), the four-sided folk housing built by people of the Han nationality in northern China, have been modified since the 1970s. We discuss the land use problems arising from the evolution of NCQs and options for solutions. We found that NCQs in agricultural villages have undergone several dramatic modifications: NCQs built during the collectivist agriculture era (1970s) were traditional in style but had reduced functions; NCQs built during the agriculture intensification era (1980s to mid-1990s) played an important role in agriculture production; and NCQs built in the cyclical migration era (mid-1990s to date) are typically modern and spacious. These modifications to the form of NCQs can be seen as adaptation and survival strategies of rural households in response to socio-economic transitions, their changing livelihoods, and changes in their needs over the course of their lives. Today, rural houses with varied qualities, abandoned houses, and empty plots of land coexist and intermingle together in rural settlements. To manage this chaotic situation, we suggest macro-level solutions with targeted measures to respect variations in farmers’ characteristics and interests and avoid impairing the diversity and adaptability of rural folk housing.     

Economic development and farmland protection: An assessment of rewarded land conversion quotas trading in Zhejiang,China

Facing a substantial loss of farmland in the reform era, the Chinese central government established a highly centralized land management system in 1998 to guarantee its capacity to meet the domestic food needs. In order to maintain high-speed economic growth, local governments in China made great efforts to circumvent the stringent constraint on land use by launching various innovative land management schemes, among which Zhejiang's rewarded land conversion quotas (RLCQ) trading scheme, a program similar to the transfer of development rights (TDR) in Western countries, has attracted a lot of policy and scholarly attention. In this research, we first provide an overview of China's farmland protection policy and the RLCQ trading scheme in Zhejiang Province. Then, using the system GMM estimator for economic growth models and a panel dataset of 69 local jurisdictions in Zhejiang Province covering the period of 1989–2008, we assess the impacts of RLCQ trading on local economic growth. The empirical results corroborate our hypotheses that participation in land quota trading in general led to faster local economic growth, and that the trading had a stronger and more lasting impact on the economic growth of the quota buyers than on that of the sellers. The analysis suggests that in order to balance the competing goals of economic development and farmland protection, market-based land management tools have a good potential for further development in China and other countries confronting similar challenges.     

美国环保休耕计划的做法与经验

美国自1986年开始实施的环保休耕计划(ConservationReserveProgram,简称CRP)与我国正在实施的退耕还林还草计划相似,是政府提供补贴,农民自愿参加,以生态建设为主要目的休耕和植被恢复项目。项目实施以来,建立了一套以政策手段与市场机制相结合,以优化成本效益为导向,兼顾环境社会效益与农民利益的补贴及管理机制。文章将对项目实施办法及效益评估等方面的问题做一简介,希望对我国正在实施的退耕还林还草工程有所借鉴。     

关于新农村基础设施建设现状的研究与思考

加强农村基础设施建设,对我国在“十二五”时期推进农业现代化,促进农村经济发展,从根本上解决“三农”问题,加快社会主义新农村建设具有重大现实意义。近年来,我国农村基础设施建设得到了一定程度的改善,但仍然存在很多难点问题。本文首先研究了新农村基础设施建设的现状及存在的问题,然后从基础设施建设标准体系、规划布局、管理和制度保障、资金投入等方面深入分析存在问题的原因,并提出相关对策。     

中国大规模发展碳捕捉和封存的SWOT分析

目前碳捕捉和封存(CCS)技术作为一种新的温室气体减排手段受到西方发达国家的热捧。我国作为煤炭生产和消费大国之一,CO_2减排形势相当严峻,大规模发展CCS的呼声在国内也越来越高。运用SWOT分析框架,对我国大规模发展CCS的优势、劣势、机遇和潜在障碍进行了分析。笔者认为尽管CCS在我国大规模发展的条件尚不成熟,还存在着诸多障碍,但前景广阔。目前,我国一方面应加强国际合作,掌握CCS相关核心技术,另一方面应从系统的角度综合分析和评价适合我国能源战略的CCS技术路线,为未来发展预留空间。