中国商业银行的产权结构与银行绩效

使用商业银行成本效率和利润效率的度量方法度量1997～2006年间中国商业银行的效率,并对效率进行回归,考察中国商业银行在产权结构改革中引入的外资股份是否对银行的效率产生了正的效应。度量出的效率表明:国有四大银行在成本效率上具有优势,但是在利润效率上不具有优势。这反映出国有银行存在的政府补贴优势和收入管理效率低下。回归结果显示:外资股份的存在的确提高了商业银行的效率,但是这种效率并不显著。     

市场竞争度、非利息业务对商业银行效率的影响研究

研究目标：分析市场竞争度、非利息业务对商业银行效率的影响。研究方法：本文主要使用了SFA和动态面板GMM方法进行研究。研究发现：市场竞争度与银行利润效率和成本效率负相关,非利息业务与利润效率正相关,对成本效率影响并不显著;对于国有银行和股份制银行,手续费及佣金业务与利润效率和成本效率正相关,交易性业务与成本效率负相关;对于地方性银行,交易性业务与利润效率正相关,其余影响并不显著;随着竞争度的提升,非利息业务对银行效率的影响更趋向于负面。研究创新：研究分类非利息业务对各类银行效率的不同影响,考察了随着市场竞争度的变化,这种影响有何改变。研究价值：为监管者和商业银行在决策时提供参考。     

北京城市增长效率变化轨迹

基于北京市2004-2011年间城市社会经济面板数据,运用数据包络分析模型和非参数的马奎斯特指数法,分析了北京市的全要素生产率变动情况及北京市16个区县经济增长效率的差异。研究表明:北京城市增长的全要素生产率主要依靠技术进步推动,城市技术效率水平一般,各区县内部差异明显,规模效应的抑制是制约技术效率提高的主要因素;北京城市技术效率和生产率变化呈现弱衰退的趋势,主要原因是规模效率的下降,且各区县间的技术效率和生产率变化也存在着差异。     

中国商业银行全要素生产率的影响因素研究——基于DEA模型的Malmquist指数分析

本文基于1999～2006年中国15家商业银行的面板数据,运用非参数DEA模型的Malmquist生产率指数,测算了商业银行的全要素生产率,结果显示中国商业银行全要素生产率整体呈现下降趋势.在此基础上构建了影响我国商业银行全要素生产率的微观和宏观模型,检验了各影响因素对全要素生产率的影响方向和程度,实证结果表明资产市场份额、GDP增长率、全社会固定资产投资增长率对商业银行全要素生产率有显著正向作用,资产费用率、消费者价格指数和全部国有及规模以上非国有工业企业销售收入利润增长率对商业银行全要素生产率有显著负向作用,产权结构的多元化有利于商业银行全要素生产率的提高.     

浅析我国物流业全要素生产率

采用曼奎斯特指数法,对1997～2007年我国物流业全要素生产率和技术效率的发展情况进行了数据分析。其结果显示:我国物流业全要素生产率(TFP)增长主要得益于技术进步,由于技术进步增长不快,且技术效率负增长对技术进步的削减作用较大,因此我国物流业全要素生产率增长较为缓慢。通过各指数进行相关分析和回归分析得出一些更进一步的结论,为预测全要素生产率对技术进步指数、技术效率变化指数、规模效率指数等的变化提供了参考依据。     

基于国际化经营视角的我国商业银行效率研究

本文利用基于数据包络分析法(DEA)的Malmquist全要素生产率指数,评测了国际化经营对我国十三家主要商业银行2004～2010年间效率的影响。并运用面板数据和回归方程实证研究了衡量国际化经营水平的各指标与银行效率的关系。     

人力资本、配置效率及全要素生产率变化

考虑到人力资本的异质性,本文将劳动分为低技能劳动和人力资本,利用随机前沿超越对数生产函数模型测算了中国1997—2012年30个省市全要素生产率的变化。在引入要素价格的基础上,借助 Kumbhakar 模型对全要素生产率变化进行分解后发现：（1）配置效率不高制约了全要素生产率的增长;（2）配置效率表现出物质资本和劳动低配,人力资本高配;（3）报酬结构调整对配置效率改进模拟结果表明改善人力资本配置效率最有利于全要素生产率的增长;（4）发挥人力资本配置效率优势,还需进一步扩大教育规模。     

能源效率与能源生产率:基于DEA方法的省际数据比较

能源生产率和能源效率有着巨大的差异,但当前的研究往往对两者并未进行明确区分。本文对传统能源效率的各种指标进行了梳理,认为这些传统指标并没有刻画出"效率"的本质,而且存在着诸多缺陷。为了同能源生产率相区分和比较,本文基于DEA方法构建了一个能够反映内在技术效率变化的能源效率指标,并根据各省1995～2004年的面板数据进行了测算,将结果同以往的研究进行比较后发现,采用两种指标计算的结果存在较大差异,而本文提出的能源效率则是一个更优的评价指标。     

用DEA方法评测知识生产中的技术效率与技术进步

本文以1996~2003年我国29个省区市大中型工业企业面板数据为样本,运用数据包络分析技术将知识生产率分解为技术效率变化和技术进步,并检验了各省份知识生产中技术效率和技术进步的收敛情况。研究发现,1996~2003年期间我国工业企业知识生产中的技术效率有所提高、技术进步出现下降,知识生产率下降主要源于技术进步的下降。研究还表明,知识生产中的技术效率和技术进步存在着条件收敛,但不存在绝对收敛。     

已获利息倍数指标的改进建议

已获利息倍数指标(又称为利息保障倍数)是衡量企业偿债能力的重要指标之一。该指标主要是反映企业是否有充足的能力偿付利息,其使用者主要为企业的债权人。目前通行的计算方法为息税前利润除以利息支出,以此反映企业经营收益为所需支付的债务利息的倍数。但是,该指标在实务中并不能准确的反映企业的偿债能力。1.计算式中的分子采用息税前利润并不十分妥当,未考虑现金因素。息税前利润的确是反映企业经营收益的指标,但是在已获利息倍数指标的计算中使用并不准确。作为重要的偿债能力指标,其主要使用者为企业的债权人,对债权人来说现金流量指…     

Explaining Bank Productivity in Ghana

The objective of this paper is to examine productivity changes among Ghanaian banks. The Malmquist productivity index is employed to estimate total factor productivity changes and its components on a panel of 18 banks from 2003 to 2011. The results indicate that productivity growth was attributable to the catch‐up effect of efficiency changes. We also find productivity growth across three categories of bank size to be driven by efficiency changes. From a panel regression analysis, we identify size, concentration, income diversification and risk as the factors that explain productivity differences among Ghanaian banks. Recommendations for improving bank productivity are derived from the results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Visualizing Efficiency and Reference Relations in Data Envelopment Analysis with an Application to the Branches of a German Bank

The interest in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a method for analyzing the productivity of homogeneous Decision Making Units (DMUs) has significantly increased in recent years. One of the main goals of DEA is to measure for each DMU its production efficiency relative to the other DMUs under analysis. Apart from a relative efficiency score, DEA also provides reference DMUs for inefficient DMUs. An inefficient DMU has, in general, more than one reference DMU, and an efficient DMU may be a reference unit for a large number of inefficient DMUs. These reference and efficiency relations describe a net which connects efficient and inefficient DMUs. We visualize this net by applying Sammons mapping. Such a visualization provides a very compact representation of the respective reference and efficiency relations and it helps to identify for an inefficient DMU efficient DMUs respectively DMUs with a high efficiency score which have a similar structure and can therefore be used as models. Furthermore, it can also be applied to visualize potential outliers in a very efficient way.JEL Classification: C14, C61, D24, M2     

Technical efficiency of Norwegian banks: The non-parametric approach to efficiency measurement

The nonparametric frontier methodology is applied to a sample of banks, where output levels are measured either by the number of accounts and their average size, or by the total balances of the accounts. The efficiency rankings of individual banks are found to depend substantially on our choice of output metric, whereas the estimated size of potential productivity improvements in the banking sector are less affected. The results on economies of scale are also largely unchanged.The refereeing process of this paper was handled through S. Grosskopf.     

Search for yield and business cycles

In the ultra-low interest rate environment after the financial crisis, it has been often pointed out that the “search for yield” behavior of financial institutions might have been intensifying interest rate decreases. One hypothesis to explain search for yield is that banks try to buy longer-term bonds even when they recognize negative term premiums in long-term rates because they myopically care about current portfolio income, not just expected holding-period returns. I study the potential impacts of this behavior on U.S. business cycles and long-term bond’s ex-post term premiums. I find that in an economy in which banks are exposed to the value-at-risk constraint, the existence of these myopic banks provides realistic moments of ex-post term premiums. In addition, their existence could generate higher output persistence under a productivity shock compared to an economy without them. This is because the difference between a myopic long-term bond pricing and a realized deposit rate path affects banks’ net worth. I study policy implications, too. In response to changes in the strength of banks’ capital regulation, the existence of myopic banks amplifies business cycles. Regarding monetary policy, it is necessary to consider ex-post term premiums, because ex-post term premiums tend to move in the same direction as the short-term interest rate and amplify business cycles in that direction when myopic banks exist.     

资本市场扭曲对城市全要素生产率的影响研究——基于规模和技术视角

在创新驱动发展的背景下,资本市场化改革有助于提高资本配置效率,进而对全要素生产率产生影响。基于中国城市相关数据,利用生产函数法和随机前沿估计法测算资本市场扭曲,并利用DEA-Malmquist指数法对城市全要素生产率进行分解,从规模和技术视角切入,实证分析了资本市场扭曲对城市规模效率、技术效率和全要素生产率的影响。研究发现,资本市场扭曲增加对规模效率具有正向影响,对技术效率和全要生产率具有负向影响。反事实分析结果显示,当消除资本市场扭曲后,从全国层面看,规模效率平均下降0.54%,技术效率平均上升4.25%,全要素生产率平均上升1.54%。     

Parametric Decomposition of a Generalized Malmquist Productivity Index

This paper provides a parametric decomposition of a generalized Malmquist productivity index which takes into account scale economies. Unlike Balk (2001), the contribution of scale economies to productivity change is evaluated without recourse to scale efficiency measures, which are neither bounded for globally increasing, decreasing, or constant returns to scale technologies nor for ray-homogeneous technologies. An empirical application using panel data from Spanish savings banks is included. This application shows the advantages of the suggested method compared to Balk's approach. The results show an increase of total factor productivity which can be mainly attributed to technical progress and the positive effect of returns to scale.     

国有资本经营预算能够提高地方国有企业投资效率吗？

以A股地方国有上市公司为研究对象,从投资效率的角度考察国有资本经营预算制度的实施效果,并进一步检验其对企业价值的影响。研究发现,国有资本经营预算能够显著抑制地方国有企业的非效率投资,尤其是抑制过度投资行为,并且这种影响对处于市场化程度较低地区的地方国有企业更加显著。进一步研究发现,国有资本经营预算能够通过抑制非效率投资来促进地方国有企业价值的提升。     

私募股权、公开上市和生产效率

本文以公司在资本市场上公开上市为背景,以是否具有私募股权融资背景为标准,选取了384家上市公司为研究样本,使用索洛余值法、随机前沿分析模型等方法,实证分析私募股权投资对改善企业生产效率的作用。研究结果发现,无论是否有私募股权投资,企业上市后的全要素生产率均高于上市前;有私募股权投资的企业全要素生产率在上市前要低于无私募股权投资的企业,但是上市后则超过了无私募股权投资的企业。     

Efficiency in Banking: Empirical Evidence from the Czech Republic

The paper examines the cost efficiency of the Czech-banking system in the 1990s by applying the distribution free approach model. Reported results indicate that foreign banks were on average more efficient than the other banks, although their efficiency was comparable with the ‘good’ small banks’ efficiency in early years of their operation. Based on the estimated results it is argued that early privatisation of state-owned commercial banks and more liberal policy towards foreign banks in the early stage of transition would have enhanced the efficiency in the banking system. Anita Taci - The views and opinions are those of the author and not necessarily those of the EBRD.     

国有股权参股与家族企业全要素生产率

家族企业在我国经济中占有相当大的比重,如何有效提升家族企业全要素生产率受到了社会各界的广泛关注.本文以2014～2019年沪深A股上市家族企业为研究样本,探究了国有股权参股家族企业对其全要素生产率的影响.研究发现,国有股权参股有利于提升家族企业全要素生产率,且主要通过缓解融资约束、增加创新投入、提高治理水平这三条路径作...