劳动力工资水平标准探讨

劳动力工资水平作为关乎国计民生的重大问题,一直受到政府部门和社会各界的高度关注。文章采用理论分析与实证研究相结合的研究方法,利用专业的计量经济学软件Eviews,分析出与劳动力工资水平密切相关的宏观因素。     

How standard are standards: An examination of language emphasis in project management standards

In light of current work toward the development of global standards for project management, this paper analyzes differences between a selection of various countries' existing project management standards. The analysis is conducted using computational corpus linguistics techniques, resulting in the identification of similarities and differences between the standards of five countries.     

2011年世界标准日祝词 国际标准树立全球信心

当今世界,我们越来越强烈地期待,世间万物都能像我们希望的那样可靠地工作和运转。 拨打电话时,我们希望可以立刻接通全球任何一部电话。登陆互联网时,我们希望可以快速地获取新闻和信息。身患疾病时,我们希望可以依赖可靠的医疗器械来治愈疾病。驾驶车辆时,我们希望汽车的发动机、转向、刹车以及儿童安全系统都是可靠的。我们还希望能远离...     

关于仓储领域几个KPI指标

目前,仓储物流领域中的几个绩效指标被提及的频率越来越高.本文对仓库面积利用率、库存周转率、库存准确率等KPI指标进行了分析.     

Setting its own standards and meeting those standards: voluntarism versus regulation in environmental reporting

It is often asserted that a voluntary approach to environmental issues is preferable to regulation. Supporters of voluntary environmental reporting claim that businesses will produce reports that meet the requirements of their stakeholders without the need for government intervention. This argument is currently being deployed in the UK to oppose the setting of mandatory reporting requirements. This present paper considers the use of ‘stakeholder theory’ in support of the voluntary approach and evaluates the claim that businesses will choose to make adequate environmental disclosures. Alternatives to a voluntary regime are discussed.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Environmental standards as barriers to trade

This paper examines the case of a good, polluting in consumption, whose pollutive content is restricted by a government with strong environmental policies. When foreign producers are unable to comply with the restrictive environmental standard of such a country, to which they wish to export, they often allege that those standards constitute illegal barriers to free trade. An example of such a good is gasoline, excessively pollutive formulations of which are prohibited from importation into the United States by the 1970 Clean Air Act. Rather than banning them, such imports should be taxed, along with the domestically produced substitute good, according to their respective pollutant contents. This would foster economic efficiency and should be more acceptable to foreign producers than the outright prohibition mandated by the Clean Air Act. The results of this paper reaffirm the argument in a previous article in this journal (Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 29 (1995) 187), though the countries’ roles in the two papers are reversed, that free trade and Pigouvian environmental policies increase international welfare.     

价值观,会计文化与会计准则制定

不同文化背景下的价值观决定了会计文化的形成进而会影响利益团体在会计准则制定过程中的博弈,并产生不同的经济后果。文章试图从不同文化背景的角度来分析会计准则制定如何受会计文化价值观的影响。     

Endogenous credit standards and aggregate fluctuations

Widespread empirical evidence shows that credit standards fluctuate over the business cycle. We build a macroeconomic model in which countercyclical lending standards emerge as an equilibrium outcome. In the model, banks compete on lending rates as well as collateral requirements. The presence of lending relationships between firms and banks gives rise to endogenous fluctuations in interest rate margins and collateral requirements. We demonstrate that endogenous credit standards amplify business cycles, driving up output volatility by around 25% when compared to a model without lending relationships. Finally, we show that in order to combat the effects of endogenous credit standards on macroeconomic volatility, a countercyclical loan-to-value ratio is an effective macroprudential policy tool.     

Arbitral standards in medical screening grievances

Recent media attention to employer's growing use of tests to detect the AIDS virus among employees has revived a longstanding public debate over the approriateness of workplace medical screening. Under current statutory and common law, employers are given considerable latitude to implement medical screening policies. Although Rothstein (1984) has speculated that collective bargaining may provide the strongest protection currently available against the misuse of medical screening by employers, there has been no comprehensive analysis of such protections. This article begins to address that gap in the literature by investigating the standards commonly applied by arbitrators in deciding grievances protesting adverse personnel allocation decisions that allegedly have been based, at least in part, on medical screening.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1989 Annual Conference of the Council on Employee Responsibilities and Rights, and was published in the Conference Proceedings.     

高等商学教育国际标准的变化趋势——AACSB新标准对中国商学教育的启示

介绍了AACSB标准变化情况,通过对AACSB新旧标准的对比研究,分析高等商学教育国际标准的变化趋势,指出未来我国的商学教育发展需要强调创新与特色、重视教学与科研的平衡与联系、重视学术与实践的联系、重视社会影响与商业伦理.     

Alternative quality standards in qualitative research?

Qualitative researchers often use other principles for judging the quality of their study than quantitative researchers. This inhibits a straightforward assessment of the quality and comparability of different types of studies, as well as decision-making about their usefulness for further research and practice. In this article, we question the use of alternative criteria, and argue for one coherent and inclusive framework of quality criteria for both qualitative and quantitative studies. We developed such a framework, based on a comparison and operationalization of different criteria, and the elaboration of procedures to realize them. Its usability is demonstrated by the application in a qualitative case study research and a mixed-methods study. This framework enhances advancing and judging the basic quality of any type of scientific research, promoting the assessment of the quality and hence usability of studies for further research or decision-making about practice.     

磁力仪发展及相关标准应用现状

本文对各发展阶段的磁力仪进行了简单介绍，根据对磁力仪及相关标准的应用现状的调研，指出了机械式磁力仪已在实际应用中被淘汰，而相关标准仍涉及了机械式磁力仪，标准已过时，已不能指导生产，因此提出了修订相关标准的建议。     

浅谈服务标准的管理

本文在分析服务标准的特性,以及目前在服务标准管理方面存在的问题的基础上,着重在服务标准计划编制、服务标准草案稿编制、服务标准研制主体、服务标准管理办法间的协调等方面提出了相关建议。     

Impact of changes in regulatory performance standards on innovation: A case of energy performance standards for newly-built houses

This paper explores the impact of changes in prescribed performance standards on innovation in an industry characterised by loosely coupled systems. Using a case of energy performance standards for newly-built houses, it investigates how changes to these standards have affected the innovation of houses, combining qualitative and quantitative data from the Netherlands. The key finding is that standardisation does not only increase the amount of innovation conducted in an industry while achieving societal goals, such as improving energy efficiency. It also triggers different types of innovation. While innovators in the investigated field prefer incremental innovations which can be integrated easily into existing ways of building houses, tightened requirements require systemic innovations, meaning that processes and organisations need to be changed. Additionally, we find that ambitious performance standards can also impact the organisation of an entire sector: they can force integration, the tightening of couplings between firms, in order to achieve systemic innovation.     

Formulating standards for sustainable forest management in Canada

Over the past decade, but particularly in the years since Rio, many initiatives have surfaced in the name of sustainable forest management (SFM). There is now a growing literature recognizing new techniques in timber labelling and the certification of sustainable management systems. However, they have not yet been located adequately in wider political contexts, such as the new (non-governmental) approaches to regulatory compliance or the new corporate response to the western environmental movement. This article examines a leading SFM framework in Canada, known as the Z808 initiative. Co-ordinated by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), it advances a system of standards pertaining to sustainable forest management. As a politically-driven process to translate the concepts and practices of sustainable resource management into a concrete form, the CSA experience is very revealing. The article reviews the origins and the parameters of the Z808 system. This is followed by a commentary and critique of the system, centred on four dimensions: the pivotal role of the management system approach, the treatment of sustainability as a conceptual goal, the enclosure of the public interest, and the underlying convergence of business and state interests within this third-party certification approach. In the case of Z808, the most crucial political choices have been made already, and the operational logic of the system can be clearly discerned. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

机械CAD制图标准应用研究

研究了机械CAD制图标准在Auto CAD2000中的应用,通过制定有关参数,使所绘制的图样符合国家标准要求。