机构投资者、信息披露质量与公司绩效

本文以深交所信息披露考评结果作为信息披露质量的替代变量,从信息披露的视角考察了机构投资者在我国上市公司的持股行为和治理效应,研究发现上市公司信息披露质量对机构投资者的持股决策具有正向影响,机构投资者的持股比例在信息披露质量较好的公司显著高于信息披露较差的公司,随着信息披露质量改善,机构投资者持股比例增加;机构投资者的治理作用因信息披露质量存在显著差异,随着信息披露质量提高,机构投资者对公司业绩的改善逐渐凸显出来,而在信息披露质量很差的公司其治理作用受到限制。换言之,机构投资者的治理作用受制于公司信息环境的影响,改善公司信息披露质量对促进机构投资者发挥其应有作用具有重要启示意义。     

政治关联、环境信息披露与环境业绩——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

"紫金矿业"事件引发了众多媒体对政治关联环境效果的关注,一般认为政治关联是导致紫金矿业环境业绩持续低下与环境信息披露不足的主要原因之一。但此结论是否具有普遍性需要进行深入研究。通过使用上市公司研究样本,具体验证政治关联对环境业绩与环境信息披露的影响,结果表明,政治关联与环境业绩低下没有显著的关系,但对环境信息披露具有显著的负向影响。     

试论公司治理与会计信息披露

会计信息披露通过缓解管理层与投资者之间的信息不对称,从而达到抑制管理层机会主义行为的目的,因而在公司治理机制中发挥着基础性作用。在此基础上,文章将会计信息披露的均衡理解为满足公司治理所需的会计信息披露质量的均衡。由于存在契约成本、信息成本以及第三方审计失灵等问题,市场不可能自动实现会计信息披露的均衡,政府管制成为保障会计信息披露质量的必要手段。在我国社会主义主市场经济条件下,借鉴国际经验,健全以公司治理为导向的会计信息披露政府管制体系,对于保证会计信息质量、完善公司治理机制、提高资本市场效率都有十分重要的作用。     

环境管制、环境效率与FDI——基于成本视角分析

环境管制和环境效率均从成本角度影响着FDI的流向,前者通过直接增加外资企业成本,降低投资东道国的环境成本优势,引致FDI外流;后者则直接通过减少非期望产出从而提高外商投资企业的环境成本优势。此外环境效率还通过减少污染物排放影响地区环境管制的强度,进而促使环境管制程度降低,间接影响FDI。本文试图在理论层面证明环境成本是决定外资企业是否转移的重要原因,从经验层面研究环境管制、环境效率对FDI的直接效应和间接效应,结果表明:从直接效应上看,环境管制的加强对FDI表现为消极影响,而环境效率提高则有利于吸引FDI;从间接效应上看,环境效率的提高通过降低环境管制强度间接有利于FDI流入,而这一效用以OLS、FGLS、FE和GMM等四种方法估计分别为0.03%,0.04%,0.04%和0.02%。     

Corporate Political Strategy: An Examination of the Relation between Political Expenditures, Environmental Performance, and Environmental Disclosure

Two fundamental business ethics issues that repeatedly surface in the academic literature relate to business’s role in the development of public policy [Suarez, S. L.: 2000, Does Business Learn? (The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI); Roberts, R. W. and D. D. Bobek: 2004, Accounting, Organizations and Society 29(5–6), 565–590] and its role in responsibly managing the natural environment [Newton, L.: 2005, Business Ethics and the Natural Environment (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford)]. When studied together, researchers often examine if, and how, corporations influence environmental policy decisions. Drawing from literatures on?corporate political activity, corporate social and environmental performance, and corporate environmental disclosure, we develop and empirically examine two research questions concerning the relations between corporate political expenditures, environmental performance, and environmental disclosure. The questions are: (1) Do corporations that are poorer environmental performers spend more on political activities than their better-performing counterparts? (2) Is there an association between corporations’ spending on political activities and the extent of their financial report environmental disclosures? We investigated these questions through analyses of data we gathered on a sample consisting of 119 U.S. environmentally sensitive firms for the 2001–2002 election cycle. After controlling for firm size and specific industry effects, our tests reveal a significant, inverse relationship between firm environmental performance and political spending. This is consistent with the notion that U.S. firms with relatively poorer environmental performance records engage more intensely in corporate political activities as part of their overall strategic management of their relationship with the state. In addition, a significant and positive association between the amount of political spending and the extent of environmental disclosure suggests that environmental disclosure and political spending are both proactive, complementary tactics to strategically manage public policy pressure. If corporations’ strategies are intentionally designed to unreasonably limit their environmental responsibilities or to misrepresent firm environmental performance, then we argue that these activities reflect a significant lapse in ethical conduct.     

基于内生性视角的股权结构与公司绩效关系研究

现有股权结构与公司绩效关系的研究,大都不考虑内生性问题,先验地假定股权结构为外生变量.文章以我国1999-2008年沪、深两市370家上市公司为研究对象,发现股权结构是内生的,它与公司绩效之间是一种互动的双向作用关系,即除了股权结构对公司绩效有显著的促进效应外,公司绩效对股权结构也有着强烈的反馈效应,并且这种反馈效应会随着股权结构指标选取的不同而相差明显.     

经济危机与会计信息披露监管演进分析

本文回顾了会计信息披露监管演进路径,指出信息披露监管具有伴随金融危机或公司财务丑闻之后呈现跳跃式扩张的特征,从政治家集团的"亲经济周期性"监管、信息供需双方利益集团在规制过程中的博弈力量对比以及市场不断创新导致的监管环境的日益复杂化角度作了分析和解释,并认为解决信息披露监管中的滞后性和被动性,应提高监管行为透明度,培育和发展有效信息使用者集团,通过司法救济强化投资者维权力量等对策.     

Environmental Legitimacy,Green Innovation,and Corporate Carbon Disclosure: Evidence from CDP China 100

Firms worldwide are increasingly required to disclose (and make efforts to reduce) their carbon emissions due to the environmental damage associated with climate change. Because there has been no previous literature focusing on the determinants of corporate carbon disclosure integrating environmental legitimacy and green innovation, the present study attempted to develop an original framework to fill the research gap. This study explored the influence of environmental legitimacy (an external informal mechanism) on corporate carbon disclosure, and investigated the role of green innovation (an internal formal mechanism) as a mediator. With the samples of Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) in China from 2008 to 2012, the results demonstrate that environmental legitimacy significantly negatively influences the likelihood of corporate carbon disclosure, and that green process innovation mediates the relationship, while green product innovation has no significant mediating effect. It means that environmental legitimacy not only directly affects the likelihood of corporate carbon disclosure, but also indirectly affects it via green process innovation. Hence, companies must increase both informal and formal mechanisms, i.e., external environmental legitimacy and internal green process innovation, to engage in carbon information disclosure and ensure sustainability.     

采掘类企业环境会计信息披露框架研究

环境会计信息披露是环境会计研究框架中最早进入实务操作领域的,众多学者就该问题进行了深入研究,但是由于基础性环境会计理论的支持不足,目前的信息披露理论研究仍需深入。有鉴于此,本文以采掘类企业为研究对象,有针对性的对采掘类企业环境会计信息披露的目标、原则进行分析,在借鉴传统会计信息披露框架的基础上建立了采掘类企业环境会计信息披露框架,最后提出了相应的信息披露模式的意见建议。本文介绍的信息披露框架是针对采掘类企业建立的,解决采掘类企业环境会计信息披露问题将对整个行业的环境会计实施产生推动作用。     

Political Connection,Ownership Structure,and Corporate Philanthropy in China: A Strategic-Political Perspective

This paper investigates whether philanthropic giving decisions and amount of charitable giving are related to firms’ political connections and ownership type. To this end, Chinese firms listed on either the Shenzhen or Shanghai stock exchange between 2004 and 2011 are examined, where government interference in the business sector is prevalent, state ownership structure is dominant, and corporate political connections prevail. Our analyses show (1) a significant and positive relationship between political connections and the likelihood and extent of firm contributions; (2) a significant and negative relationship between state ownership and extent of firm contributions; and (3) a stronger relationship between political connections and corporate philanthropy in non-state-owned firms. These findings with regard to the relationship between corporate giving, political connections, and ownership type have important implications for understanding corporate giving behavior in China and in emerging markets in general.     

经理持股和经营绩效：经理持股激励功能的实证评价

本文通过实证研究发现,经理持股对公司绩效具有显著的积极影响,即使在控制了经理现金报酬、企业规模和行业属性的影响之后,这种显著性仍然存在,并考察了经理现金报酬、企业规模和行业属性对经理持股的影响程度,结果发现经理持股与经理现金报酬间存在着显著的激励互补效应,经理持股表现出显著性较弱的规模递减效应,但没有观察到行业属性对经理持股的普遍效应,只有信息技术产业类公司具有显著较高的经理持股水平.     

绿色金融政策、公司治理与企业环境信息披露——以502家重污染行业上市公司为例

以502家重污染行业上市公司为研究对象,选取2006-2008年度上市公司披露的环境信息,构建环境信息披露指数,系统考察绿色金融政策下公司治理因素对企业环境信息披露水平的影响。研究结果发现,国有股权、第一大股东持股比例、审计委员会以及设立环保部等公司治理因素对环境信息披露水平的提高影响非常显著,而绿色金融政策则强化了这些因素的环保作用。     

Erratum to: Beyond Acclamations and Excuses: Environmental Performance,Voluntary Environmental Disclosure and the Role of Visibility

Some researchers have argued that firms with favorable environmental performance are more likely to provide voluntary environmental disclosure, while others have argued that firms with poor environmental performance are most likely to disclose. The authors propose a curvilinear relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure that is moderated by visibility. Data were obtained from S&P 500 firms queried by Ceres’ Climate Disclosure Project. Results show a U-shaped environmental performance–environmental disclosure relation and a main effect for visibility but no moderating effect for visibility on the U-shaped environmental performance–environmental disclosure relation. The authors discussed the implications of these results for future research and practice.     

竞争性股权结构与公司绩效：基于中国上市公司的实证研究

基于股权竞争程度的差异,本文对股权结构进行了分类,发现竞争程度高的行业有更多的竞争性股权结构的公司。对我国185家竞争性股权结构公司的分析表明,前五大股东持股比例之间呈现出依次显著性的正相关关系,第一、第二和第五大股东持股比例与公司业绩显著正相关,但这类上市公司并没有比非竞争性股权结构公司具有更好的业绩。     

不同成长机会下的上市公司股权结构、资本结构与公司绩效——以A股流通服务业上市公司为例

文章以我国流通服务业上市公司为研究样本,分析了上市公司资本结构和股权结构对公司绩效的影响,以及成长机会在其中的调节作用.研究结果表明流通服务业上市公司第一大股东持股比例、第二到第十大股东持股比例、长期负债资本比对公司绩效存在显著正向影响;国有股持股比例、高管持股比例、资产负债率对公司绩效存在显著负向影响.随着公司成长机会的增加,第二到第十大股东持股,非国有法人股持股对公司绩效正向影响作用增强;而第一大股东持股比例、国有股持股比例、高管持股比例、资产负债率与长期负债资本比对公司绩效的影响并不随着公司成长性的变化而变化.文章研究对于流通服务业上市公司股权结构和资本结构优化提供了有益的启示.     

Corporate Social Responsibility,Ownership Structure,and Political Interference: Evidence from China

Prior research suggests that ownership structure is associated to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developed countries. This article examines whether and how ownership structure affects CSR in emerging markets using Chinese firms’ social responsibility ranking. Our empirical evidences show that for non-state-owned firms, corporate ownership dispersion is positively associated to CSR. However, for state-owned firms, whose controlling shareholder is the state, this relation is reversed. We attribute the reversed relationship to political interferences and further test this hypothesis by demonstrating that regional economic development is negatively related to CSR for state-owned firms due to decreased political interference in more developed areas. This study is the first to directly examine the relationship between the dispersion of corporate ownership and CSR in emerging markets, and our results depict that it is important to consider ownership type in assessing CSR in emerging market where state ownership is still prevalent such as China. The results also reveal that firm size, profitability, employee power, leverage, and growth opportunity affect CSR in China.     

Board Attributes,Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy,and Corporate Environmental and Social Performance

In this paper, we draw on insights from theories in the management and corporate governance literature to develop a theoretical model that makes explicit the links between a firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) related board attributes, its board CSR strategy, and its environmental and social performance. We then test the model using structural equation modeling approach. We find that the greater the CSR orientation of the board (as measured by the board’s independence, gender diversity, and financial expertise on audit committee), the more proactive and comprehensive the firm’s CSR strategy, and the higher its environmental and social performance. Moreover, we find this link to be endogenous and self-reinforcing, with superior CSR performers tending to further strengthen their board CSR orientation. This result while positive is also suggestive of the widening of the gap between the leads and laggards in CSR. Therefore, the question arises as to how ‘leaders’ are using their superior CSR competencies seen by many scholars as a source of corporate (at times unfair) competitive advantage. Stakeholders of corporations therefore need to be cognizant of this aspect of CSR when evaluating a firm’s CSR activities. Policy makers also need to be cognizant of these concerns when designing regulation in this field.