一些发达国家发展循环经济的经验与启示

从建立和完善循环经济法律法规体系、发挥社会中介服务组织的作用、构建生产组织体系和循环生产技术体系等八个方面，概括总结了世界一些发达国家发展循环经济的经验，并通过对我国现实情况的分析得出相应的启示，对加快我国循环经济发展、实施可持续发展战略具有重要的现实意义。     

发达国家发展循环经济的经验与启示

本文从建立和完善循环经济法律法规体系、发挥社会中介服务组织的作用、构建生产组织体系和循环生产技术体系等方面,总结了一些发达国家发展循环经济的经验,对我国加快循环经济的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

发达国家发展循环经济的实践及对中国的启示

本文基于对循环经济缘起的回顾,对德国、日本、美国等发达国家发展循环经济的主要做法和实践进行了系统的分析,总结了这些国家发展循环经济的主要经验和启示,以对中国发展循环经济提供政策借鉴。     

发达国家发展循环经济的实践经验及启示

20世纪90年代以来,西方发达国家相继提出了建设循环型社会的目标,并通过强化循环经济立法等措施,积极发展循环经济。文章论述了循环经济产生的背景、概念,分析了发达国家的循环经济实施现状以及发达国家发展循环经济的典型模式、从而提出我国发展循环经济应该采取的对策措施。     

发达国家循环经济政策扫描

国外发展循环经济普遍重视法律体系建设。日本的循环经济政策体系相当完善,德、美等西方发达国家在生产领域逐步完善清洁生产机制,当前更重视消费和回收再利用环节的管理。     

发达国家生产性服务业的政策导向及启示

论文对发达国家一些典型的生产性服务业——物流业、邮电通讯业、信息服务业、研发服务业、融资租赁服务业、会展服务业的发展政策进行了梳理,分别总结了其政策着力点及经验。在此基础上,笔者就发达国家在生产性服务业发展中处理垄断与竞争的关系、放开与管制的关系、"国有"与"非国有"的关系、政府与市场的关系、对外开放与产业保护的关系带给我们的启示进行了简评。     

国内外发展循环经济的政策研究

循环经济以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心,以"减量化、再循环、资源化"为原则,以"低开采、低消耗、低排放、高效率"为基本特征,以"多联产、洁净化"为方向,从多个层面促进循环经济的发展,而于此同时,构建相应的政策体系,如:财政政策、价格政策、产业政策等也是尤为必要的,有效的政策体系是循环经济发展的重要推动力和必要保障。     

中国发展循环经济的政策框架

循环经济在我国不是某些领域和局部的可持续发展实践,而是对传统生产和消费模式的彻底改造和变革。所以,循环经济政策体系不仅包括重点领域的核心政策,也包括对社会经济基础政策的创新,以及与循环经济发展相适应的生态文化宣传教育政策。     

日本循环经济的发展及其对中国的启示

日本是世界上最早提出和推进"循环经济"并取得显著成绩的发达国家。认识和总结日本循环经济建设的经验,对中国进一步推进循环经济发展有积极意义。     

发达国家发展低碳经济政策的导向及启示

低碳发展已经成为世界未来经济发展的新规则。就政府的公共政策而言，通过发展规划的明确、法律规章的完善，体制机制的创新和科技创新的推动等方面的政策导向，可以有效推动低碳经济的发展。合理借鉴国际上发达国家发展低碳经济的政策导向经验，结合现在发展低碳经济政策中存在的问题，有利于我国从思路、规划、考核、机制、财税和管理等方面入手，进一步完善低碳经济的政策体系，推动低碳经济的有效发展。     

构建循环经济良性运作机制的几点思考

循环经济是可持续发展的深入和保障,国家和政府在推动循环经济发展上起着决定性的作用,无论是循环经济发展规划的制定,还是政策支撑体系、法律法规体系等的建设和完善都离不开政府的引导、监督和促进。循环经济是一种有利于可持续发展的经济发展模式和消费模式,是一项复杂的系统工程。循环经济的推行需要渗透到社会、经济的各个层面,需要依托于社会各行为主体的积极行动,中国特色循环经济运作机制的建立需要政府、企业、公众的共同努力营造。     

An open economy model of the effects of unilateral environmental policy by a large developing country

In this paper, we pose the following question. Why is it that despite the universal recognition of the need for global environmental protection, developing countries have been lax in instituting stringent environmental regulations? Addressing this question from an economic standpoint, we show that there are plausible theoretical circumstances in which a large developing country can be worse off if it chooses to implement environmental policy in an uncoordinated fashion. The empirical dimension of this question is stressed and the key parameters – such as elasticities and marginal propensities to consume – which are germane to any policy discussion regarding this issue are identified. Second, we study – once again from the perspective of a large developing country – the possibility of using the domestic tax structure optimally to attain environmental policy objectives in a second-best environment. This scenario involves taxing pollution indirectly, by using product taxes. Finally, keeping the empirical dimension of the question in mind, we show how to compute optimal externality correcting taxes. These taxes are primarily a function of different kinds of elasticities.     

Macroeconomic policy uncertainty shocks on the Chinese economy: a GVAR analysis

This article studies the spillovers of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) from developed economies to China in terms of the source, extent and persistence by estimating a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model with both financial and trade variables acting as the transmission channels. Our findings confirm the existence of international transmissions of policy uncertainty, while the patterns differ markedly. The US EPU appears to be the most significant cause of the fall of export, industrial production, equity price and exchange rate, meanwhile, the EU EPU is also to be blamed for the depreciation of RMB. In contrast to industrial production, which shows the largest negative impact, Chinese inflation increases to a relatively smaller extent with the EPU shocks ranking as the US, Japanese and the EU. Regardless of the minor impact on a long-term interest rate, the short-term interest rate in China reacts positively to the European and US EPU shocks. Despite the independent national monetary policies, EPUs from the EU, Japan and the UK can decrease the Chinese monetary aggregate. In summary, the Chinese economy responds the most to the US EPU, especially to its inflation expectation disagreement component, whereas it responds the least to the UK EPU.     

关于我国发展农业循环经济的思考

农业是国民经济的基础,我国农业资源总量虽然较大,但人均占有量少。传统的掠夺性的农业发展模式对我国农业的可持续发展产生了巨大的压力。发展农业循环经济是我国实现农业经济的可持续发展的必然选择。     

地方文化和循环经济发展

文化在社会生活中的作用越来越受到重视，一个地区的文化深深地影响着当地人们的行为，形成特有的地方生活、生产特徵。循环经济不仅是一种经济活动方式，也是一种文化发展模式。本文力求对地方文化与循环经济两者之间的内在联系加以探讨。     

Real wage rigidities and optimal monetary policy in a small open economy

The main objective of the study is to provide a theoretical analysis of optimal monetary policy in a small open economy where households set real wage in a staggered fashion. The introduction of real wage rigidities plays a important role to resolve main shortcomings of the standard new Keynesian small open economy model. The main findings regarding the issue of monetary policy design can be summarized as three fold. First, the optimal policy is to seek to minimize variance of domestic price inflation, real wage inflation, and the output gap if both domestic price and real wage are sticky. Second, controlling CPI inflation directly or indirectly induces relatively large volatility in output gap and other inflations. Therefore, both CPI inflation-based Taylor rule and nominal wage-inflation based Taylor rule are suboptimal. Last, a policy that responds to a real wage inflation is most desirable.     

The policy (in)effectiveness of government spending in a dependent economy

This paper analyses the policy effectiveness of government spending in a two-sector open economy whose output and expenditure is comprised of tradables and non-tradables. This framework reveals that government spending on either tradables or, more normally, on non-tradables widens the external deficit, yet how the real exchange rate behaves depends, in the first instance, on in which sector the public spending occurs. It also shows that, irrespective of where government spending falls, there appears to be no significant short run boost to overall output and hence employment a priori, although empirically actual impact would depend on the elasticities of tradable and non-tradable output with respect to the real exchange rate. Furthermore, fiscal stimulus is shown to be unambiguously ineffective if deemed unsustainable by foreign lenders, or implemented under a fixed exchange rate regime with limited capital mobility.     

The determinants of household recycling: social influence,public policies and environmental preferences

Our article aims at understanding the determinants of households’ selective waste-sorting behaviours, based on data from an original survey of 694 individuals in the French Provence–Alpes–Côte d’Azur region. The applied literature focuses mainly on countries with high recycling rates. We focus on a region with the lowest recycling rate in France, a country that recycles less than the European country average. We first apply polychoric principal components analysis to reduce the number of explanatory variables to a set of six factors. In a second step, we use a probit model to estimate the probability of waste sorting as a function of these factors. This model tests several hypotheses emerging from the recent literature on behavioural economics applied to households’ selective sorting. This literature pays particular attention to the social influence on recycling behaviour, which has been studied mostly by sociologists and psychologists. The results of our empirical analysis confirm some of the findings in the literature. However, they also highlight some unique features, such as social influences having a negative impact on recycling. This finding contrasts with most of the literature, which finds a positive relationship of social influence on pro-environmental behaviour.     

Entry and fiscal policy effectiveness in a small open economy within a Monetary Union

In this article I develop an imperfectly competitive dynamic general equilibrium model for a small open economy integrated in a monetary union. Here, the type of entry in the non-traded goods’ sector affects fiscal policy effectiveness. Fiscal policy effectiveness is enlarged when aggregate demand stimuli increase intra-industrial competition (case I). This is due to the counter-cyclical mark-up mechanism generated by entry. Such a mechanism is absent in the usual monopolistic competition where entry only has a sharing effect (case II).

Diminished-dimensional political economy

Economists base policy advice on models of responses by a variety of economic entities to policy adoptions. There is compelling evidence that these entities do not optimize as mainstream economics assumes. Rather, they limit decision-making to solving problems of much smaller dimensionality. We consider how political economy goes awry when ignoring diminished dimensionality, and some research avenues opened up by this realization.