政府管制与房价持续上升

本文认为房价持续上升的原因是政府对房地产市场的资本进入限制。消费者对住房的需求旺盛。拉高了房价，房地产公司的利润丰厚。问题是房地产公司为什么能一直保持丰厚的利润？其原因就是政府对房地产市场的资本进入限制所造成的房地产市场的垄断。本文比较了都存在信息不对称性的家庭装修市场和房地产市场不同的市场结构，不同的发展结果。最终得出结论：只有房地产市场的激励竞争才能解决房价持续上涨的根本问题．所以在强化政府这只看得见的手的作用的同时，不要抑制了市场这只看不见的手的作用。     

政府管制与房价持续上升

本文认为房价持续上升的原因是政府对房地产市场的资本进入限制.消费者对住房的需求旺盛,拉高了房价,房地产公司的利润丰厚.问题是房地产公司为什么能一直保持丰厚的利润?其原因就是政府对房地产市场的资本进入限制所造成的房地产市场的垄断.本文比较了都存在信息不对称性的家庭装修市场和房地产市场不同的市场结构,不同的发展结果.最终得出结论:只有房地产市场的激励竞争才能解决房价持续上涨的根本问题,所以在强化政府这只看得见的手的作用的同时,不要抑制了市场这只看不见的手的作用.     

The impact of private hospital insurance on the utilization of hospital care in Australia

We use the Australian National Health Survey to estimate the impact of private hospital insurance on the propensity for hospitalization as a private patient. We account for the potential endogeneity of supplementary private hospital insurance purchases and calculate moral hazard based on a difference-of-means estimator. We decompose the moral hazard estimate into a diversion component that is due to an insurance-induced substitution away from public patient care towards private patient care, and an expansion component that measures a pure insurance-induced increase in the propensity to seek private patient care. Our results suggest that on average, private hospital insurance causes a sizable and significant increase in the likelihood of hospital admission as a private patient. However, there is little evidence of an expansion effect; the treatment effect of private hospital insurance on private patient care is driven almost entirely by the substitution away from public patient care towards private patient care. We discuss the implications for policies that aim to expand supplementary private insurance coverage for the purpose of reducing excess demand on the public healthcare system.     

Regulating internal markets for hospital care

Internal markets have been created in an attempt to shift power from producers to consumers in a context where consumers have very weak incentives to seek out low-cost producers and have little knowledge about the quality of health care. The idea is that by establishing public agencies to act as the sole purchasers on behalf of consumers in their area of jurisdiction, the asymmetry of information can be moderated and a more competitive environment created in which costs will be minimized and quality enhanced. Whether these aspirations can be fulfilled will depend on how the internal market is organized. In this article the cost-minimizing properties of alternative market structures where hospitals do not share the same objectives are examined. The scheme is designed from the standpoint of a benevolent regulator that provides services using two hospitals with fixed locations. The paper shows that price discrimination is a superior instrument. Finally some market forms are always dominated and should be avoided.

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Cost of hospital care for elderly at risk of falling

The variables that relate to cost of hospital care for a large sample of elderly patients at risk for falling are examined. The chief predictors of cost of hospitalization were medical, pharmacy, and nursing interventions. Use of nursing interventions, on average, raised the median hospital cost less than use of medical or pharmacy interventions. Using a standardized nursing language with the hospital's information system can provide nurses with information that demonstrates the cost effectiveness of their interventions.     

Professional versus consumer interests in regulation: the case of the US child care industry

Professional licensure benefits producers by creating entry barriers into the profession, but consumers might also gain if licensure induces producers to supply high levels of quality. Whether consumers or producers gain most form licensure can be determined by examining the effect of licensure requirements on aggregate consumption. This paper uses a cross-sectional model to estimate the relationship between variations in state licensure rules and consumption of child care services. The results suggest that professional interests, and not those of consumers, are dominant in the setting of regulatory standards for the US child care industry.     

Government and the Reverse-Holdup Problem

When the government bargains with a private firm, the firm cares about only its own profits, but the firm's profits may also enter into the government's utility function. As a result, the government will not bargain as aggressively for a low price. This can lead the government to “over pay” for quality. In contrast to the standard holdup problem, this reverse‐holdup problem can give the firm an incentive to overinvest in non‐contractible quality. The paper also discusses some examples where the reverse‐holdup problem may explain excessive quality in government procurement.     

国有股权对上市公司绩效影响的U型曲线和政府股东两手论

在我国的上市公司中,本文发现国家持股规模和公司绩效之间呈现左高右低的非对称U型关系。总体而言,国家持股企业的表现不及非国家持股企业。同时,随着国家持股比例的上升,企业绩效起初随之下降;但是,当国家持股比例足够大时,随着国家持股比例的上升,企业绩效上升。这就是说,国家持股对企业的绩效具有两面性的影响。作为事实上的国有股东,政府存在着政治和经济双重利益,从而既通过政治干预攫取企业财富,又借助公司治理和优惠待遇来提升关联企业的价值。国有股减持应该避免U型曲线的底部价值陷阱。     

政府特征与政府会计概念框架

政府会计概念框架的建立应充分借鉴企业财务会计概念框架的已有成果.但借鉴的前提是分析政府与企业活动、功能的区别,明确政府的特征,并在此基础上有选择地借鉴和针对性地进行修正补充.文章探讨了政府活动不同于企业活动的特征,以及由此引致的政府会计不同于企业会计的特征,并在此基础上探讨了政府会计概念框架建立的若干问题.     

理性政府与公民社会--从抗非典过程中的政府与公民行为谈起

一场突如其来的灾难将中国政府和人民推到了抗“非典”的第一线，这一场战役的艰巨性、复杂性关系到中国的经济发展和社会稳定，考验着中国政府的执政能力、执政水平，同时也考验着中国社会中公民的责任意识、组织意识和良知意识。我国政府在抗“非典”过程中所采取的一系列措施，及政府行为前后发生的一系列变化，被国际社会给予了高度评价。中央免去张文康和孟学农的职务，被海外媒体视为“史无前例的果断措施”和对各级官员的“一次灵魂深处的震撼教育”，认为此举表明“新一代领导人决心与时俱进、塑造执政新风气和新形象的努力，不会因…     

以数字政府突围科层制政府——比较视野下的数字政府建设与演化图景

在人类社会治理演进的历史进程中,科层制的政府治理结构具有标志性的进步意义.它带来了人类社会管理机制的重大进步,标志着政府治理从传统向现代的范式转型.文章指出,在社会信息流动日益扁平化的互联网时代,科层制政府的内在局限使其愈加难以适应快速变革的现代社会.面对科层制政府与中国党政体制结合所形成的独特治理结构与治理短板,新时期的数字政府建设成为突围科层制政府治理局限、突破条块分割治理结构、弥补科层治理漏洞的有效改革路径.中央顶层布局与地方实践创新良性互动,是我国数字政府建设实践的突出特征.北京市数字政府治理体系建构过程凸显出数据驱动、实时感知、市民参与、精准治理的变革趋势.面向未来,基于治理大数据的数字政府建设将是牵引政府治理深度变革的重要抓手,也是提高治理绩效、加速实现政府治理体系与治理能力现代化的关键引擎.     

公共物品与政府的作用

经济自由主义与国家干预主义都是基于对市场与政府的估价直接导出政府的职能范围,从理想的市场或政府出发来确定市场与政府的有效边界,是自由主义和干预主义一个共同的局限,政府是源于社会成员的共同需要而产生的一种提供公共物品的制度安排,由于公共性是一个连续区间及公共物品的扩张性,政府活动的合法范围是难以明晰的且会不断扩张,我国应通过政府改革,完善公共物品的提供方式和机制,合理扩张政府的活动范围。     

公共物品与政府的作用

本文分析了经济自由主义与干预主义共通的逻辑缺陷和公共物品的性质,认为政府是源于社会成员的共同需要而产生的一种提供公共物品的制度安排,由于公共性是一个连续区间及公共品的扩张性,政府活动的合法范围是难以明晰的且会不断扩张,我国应通过政府改革,完善公共物品的提供方式和机制,合理扩张政府的活动范围。