项目导向型社会的通信行业竞争环境分析

随着竞争环境的发展,人类的管理模式已经发生了很大变化。面对激烈的竞争环境,通信企业如何根据行业的特点发展业务以满足客户需求是亟需解决的问题。值得注意的是,由于各种创新活动只能按照项目和项目管理的模式去开展,所以项目管理就成为大环境中的主导管理模式。从我国通信行业现状入手,利用项目管理知识体系,综合分析通信行业在经济形势、组织结构、行业政策和管理技术四个维度中面临的环境,有针对性地提出项目导向型社会的通信行业竞争环境的改进、完善策略及未来发展趋势。     

Retail environment and manufacturer competitive intensity

We study how the intensity of competition and the degree to which manufacturers enjoy market power depends on the retail environment in a given market. Past research has discussed the growing importance of retailers and the power they enjoy over manufacturers. Yet, the empirical literature to date has not determined which retail characteristics have the largest impact on competitive behavior.Our starting point is the estimation of a structural demand-and-supply model, where both consumers’ decisions and the strategic interactions between manufacturers and retailers are explicitly modeled. We identify the type of competitive behavior of manufacturers by measuring the deviation from a Bertrand-Nash equilibrium. This measure of competitive conduct is expressed as a function of key retail characteristics such as size of the retailer, its assortment depth, and category expertise.We illustrate the proposed approach using data for the ground coffee category in Germany. Our findings indicate that retail characteristics have indeed a significant effect on competitive intensity among upstream firms and on their ability to exercise market power. Hence, a manufacturer considering entry into a new market should not only take into account its competitors but also the specifics of the retail environment in this market.     

技术创新、贸易竞争优势与出口绩效的实证研究——以山东省为例

本文以山东省为例对技术创新与贸易竞争优势的产业分布与动态变迁进行实证研究,在此基础上使用出口绩效的不变弹性函数来分析技术创新对出口绩效改善的贡献。分析结果表明,技术创新的产业分布与贸易竞争优势基本吻合,滞后一期的技术创新与出口绩效显著正相关。与纺织、食品、家具等传统出口部门相比,汽车、化工等出口需求缺乏弹性的产业部门中较高的研发支出促进了产品品质的改善与新产品的创造,有效提升了产品的差异化竞争优势,改善了贸易条件与出口绩效。尽管如此,制成品出口的技术结构并未显著提高,垂直专业化分工与垂直产业内贸易仍是资本技术密集型产业参与国际分工与贸易的主要形式。     

Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating competitive advantage through streams of innovation

In today's fast-paced competitive environment, firms face the need to be increasingly nimble and adaptive. While often able to establish a certain level of performance based upon existing technologies, firms are equally as often to be left flat-footed in the face of emerging, novel technologies. We discuss strategic entrepreneurship as the means through which firms simultaneously exploit their current competitive advantages while exploring for future opportunities. Achieving a balance between exploration and exploitation consists of more than merely allocating resources evenly between the two processes. As discussed, exploration and exploitation are operationally, structurally, and culturally distinct processes.     

Applicability of the resource-based and dynamic-capability views under environmental volatility

This study uses a group of informants and applies a step-by-step empirical process to examine the applicability of the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic-capability view (DCV) to environmental volatility. Through examining 253 Taiwanese firms, this study finds that the explanatory power of DCV exceeds that of RBV in volatile environments. Firms that possess dynamic capabilities can effectively enhance their competitive advantages, despite facing highly volatile environments. Nevertheless, the RBV is effective in some ways and firms with valuable, rare, inimitable, and nonsubstitutable resources still possess competitive advantages. This article closes with theoretical and practical implications.     

Technology adoption: Amplifying versus simplifying innovations

A conceptual distinction is offered between amplifying versus simplifying technological innovations. This distinction is shown to have value in explaining intended adoption. The results of the study indicate the need for further conceptualization and research regarding the role of innovation characteristics in adoption-decision processes.     

Enhancing competitive advantages: The contribution of mediator and moderator on stickiness in the LINE

While the importance of users’ stickiness has been recognized in marketing literature for the least 10 years, the development and empirical validation of users’ stickiness model in the LINE context from mediator of satisfaction and moderator of online habit had not been addressed. Using the commitment-trust theory, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate such users’ stickiness on LINE model. Based on technology and marketing literatures, a series of hypotheses was compiled with a methodology for testing. A questionnaire was constructed and data were collected from 289 users of LINE in Taiwan. Structural modeling techniques were then applied to analyze the data. The results indicated that users’ stickiness was affected by their satisfaction. Users’ satisfaction played a crucial mediating role in the relationship of innovation differentiations, online habit, and stickiness. Based on these findings, its implications and limitations are discussed.     

Dynamic capabilities,environmental dynamism,and competitive advantage: Evidence from China

Some scholars hold that dynamic capability is one of the key in searching for competitive advantage in strategic management. But there are still debates on the definition and effects of dynamic capabilities and the role of environmental dynamism. In the context of Chinese-like emerging economies, from a strategic process perspective, this study defines dynamic capability as the firms' potential to systematically solve problems, formed by its propensity to sense opportunities and threats, to make timely decisions, and to implement strategic decisions and changes efficiently to ensure the right direction, and also explores the relationship between dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage and, the role environmental dynamism plays. With an empirical study of 217 enterprises in China, this study finds that dynamic capabilities do significantly positively affect competitive advantage, and environmental dynamism is a driver rather than a moderator.     

Technology,science and American innovation

This article offers for consideration four propositions about business, government, and innovation in the post-World War Two United States, points which may have a wider resonance as well. They concern the long term role of continuous innovation, technology–science relationships, state-led problem setting for innovation, and the ‘permanent uncertainties’ that arise from Cold War-era technological advance. Each of these has implications for the practice of business history, for conceptualizing innovation, and for our understanding of post-war science–technology trajectories.     

A study of competitive dynamics

The study of competitive dynamics has become a vibrant area of research within strategic management. We contribute to this research stream by examining the nature of competitive interaction between Coke and Pepsi. We found that while Coke's and Pepsi's strategies display interdependent relationships, the volatility of the interaction among strategies do not always attenuate over time, and Coke's strategies are driven by Pepsi in some cases but not others. Implications for research, practice, and limitations are discussed.     

我国对外贸易与世界技术扩散

随着对外贸易的不断发展,我国正在加速融入到世界经济当中,发达国家的技术扩散成为我国技术进步的重要来源。本文首先分析了我国与主要贸易伙伴国之间双边贸易和技术进步的历史演变;然后,通过构建世界技术扩散的理论模型,考察了技术领导者和跟随者之间相对稳态技术水平差异的决定因素;最后,利用历史数据对我国技术进步的动态调整方程进行了实证检验。结果证实了我国存在着发达国家的技术扩散,而且对外贸易在技术扩散中起着重要作用。     

竞争效应对外资企业向国内企业技术外溢的刺激作用

本文通过建立理论模型的方式,采用静态均衡分析的方法,讨论了竞争效应对外商投资企业向国内企业技术外溢的刺激作用。通过分析,本文证明了当东道国劳动力工资受到内外资企业劳动力需求的影响,且国内经济有一个有效的研发部门时,那么外商投资企业生产技术的改进会通过竞争效应推动国内企业的技术进步,且东道国的整体国民收入亦会随着外商投资企业技术水平的上升而增加。     

When strategies collide: Divergent multipoint strategies within competitive triads

As market barriers fall and market boundaries blur, firms are becoming increasingly broad in their scope of operations and markets. This expansion in a firm's scope intensifies competition as the interaction between rivals spreads across many markets. To succeed as a firm, managers must then take a multi-market approach to competition. Critical to success is an understanding of how rival contact across markets can affect a firm's competitive behavior. This understanding exists for competition between two firms; however, few firms face only one rival across multiple markets. We expand the focus on one competitor and explore configurations of competitive triads. We explain why triadic competition is more dynamic and deviates somewhat from dyadic competition, and set the foundation for exploring competition among a broader set of competitors.     

日本综合科技创新会议（CSTI）中的科技外交工具研究

当前,世界各国纷纷立足科技创新,以科技外交为触手参与国际竞争和规则重构。日本综合科技创新会议（CSTI）是日本最高科技政策咨询决策部门,其重要职能之一便是促进日本科技外交发展。本文基于中国学者张冀燕对科技外交工具的分类,以CSTI的发展、产出成果中展现的工具性为切入点,分析日本科技外交发展特点,为我国发展科技外交提供策略建议。     

外国直接投资与我国技术创新研究

本文运用面板协整工具和动态最小二乘法(DOLS)来检验我国1990-2004年间FDI的技术溢出效应与我国技术创新的相关关系。实证研究的结果显示:FDI与我国技术创新存在着长期稳定的关系;如果跨越了一定的人力资本门槛,那么FDI从总体上对我国的技术创新产生了积极的影响,也可以说人力资本在FDI促进我国技术创新中起着关键的作用。     

Defending against rival innovation

We analyze how an incumbent defends its competitive advantage with a focus on the under-examined methods of actively defending against the threats posed by rival innovation. We describe, delineate and analyze the set of such defenses and their likely effects. The set of such defenses differs substantially from many standard defenses, such as those aimed at defeating the threat of imitation. The further study of these pre-emptive innovation defenses is important because these defenses are different and because they can substantially affect the sustainability of firm profits and the pace of different of types of innovation.

研发国际化趋势下我国技术创新模式的选择

技术创新能力一直是制约发展中国家经济增长和提升企业国际竞争力的关键因素。目前绝大多数发展中国家都在尝试通过吸引跨国公司研发投资来实现自身的技术跨越式发展。然而，跨国公司的研发国际化对东道国技术创新是一把“双刃剑”，选择怎样的技术创新模式来实现东道国利益的最大化就成为重要的研究课题。本文认为，在研发国际化趋势下我国应采取自主创新为主、模仿与合作创新为辅的组合模式。     

Staged Development of Dynamic Capabilities: A Study of International Joint Ventures in India

This article investigates the microfoundations of different stages of development of dynamic capabilities (DCs) in international joint ventures (IJVs). We conducted case‐based research for three heterogeneous IJVs in the Indian life insurance space. Data collection involved detailed interviews and access to other archival data. Results offer interesting insights on (1) the process of the development of dynamic capabilities and (2) the relative importance of different stages in the development of dynamic capabilities. Sensing and seizing are the two stages in which dynamic capabilities are built, and reconfiguration/transformation is inherently subsumed within the stage of seizing. We also found that broad‐spectrum parental contribution across different functions impedes the development of dynamic capability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Innovation performance: The effect of knowledge-based dynamic capabilities in cross-country innovation ecosystems

This study operationalizes the knowledge-based dynamic capabilities (KBDC) that act as drivers of innovation performance in innovation ecosystems, across different market economies. Innovation ecosystems facilitate the flow of resources to transform ideas into reality. In turn, KBDC provide a means to create and share expertise, which contributes to the diversification of the economy, and allow businesses to reach beyond their own boundaries to create value for customers in new ways. Employing partial least squares path analysis, four constructs, namely knowledge creation, knowledge diffusion, knowledge absorption and knowledge impact, are comparatively analyzed. Across all four constructs, knowledge creation is the biggest driver of innovation performance, and the strongest predictor of innovation performance in developed and developing market economies. Knowledge absorption is the strongest predictor of innovation performance in transition economies. A KBDC-centered innovation ecosystem framework is proposed to highlight the innovation performance and competitive advantage inherent in each knowledge-related capability.     

金融服务部门开放对制造业企业技术创新的影响

金融服务部门开放提供了更多的优质金融服务,便利了企业融资,为企业技术创新提供支持。为系统研究金融服务部门开放与制造业企业技术创新之间的关系,本文在理论分析的基础上,基于世界银行微观企业调研数据库和服务贸易限制数据库,实证分析了金融服务部门开放对企业技术创新活动的影响。研究发现,金融服务部门开放促进了制造业企业技术创新;进一步引入行业特征的分析表明,高外部融资依赖企业的技术创新活动受金融服务部门开放的影响更大,金融服务部门的开放将更有效地促进这类企业技术创新活动的蓬勃发展。本文研究证实融资纾解效应是金融服务部门开放影响企业技术创新活动的主要渠道。