基于收敛性标准地方政府间财政支出竞争的存在性检验

竞争性的政府必然催生竞争性的财政,财政竞争既是政府竞争的结果,也是政府竞争的手段。伴随着财政分权体制的日益规范,财政支出竞争将逐渐成为政府间财政竞争的主要手段。问题在于,我国政府间是否存在财政支出竞争?本文根据收敛性标准来检验我国地方政府间是否存在财政支出竞争,并衡量地区间财政支出竞争的结构性差异。     

比较优势理论与期货市场竞争发展格局

期货市场是以现货市场为基础的衍生市场.根据比较优势及相关理论,期货市场的比较优势主要来自于所在国家或地区的要素条件、需求状况、竞争对手及产业政策.世界期货市场以及美国、欧洲、日本等国家或地区内期货市场竞争格局的变迁充分证明,具有比较优势的国家和地区或以具有比较优势的产业为基础的期货市场,在竞争中将因此而形成相应的比较优势.不同国家或地区间、一个国家或地区内期货市场所处的环境各不相同,因此发展期货市场必须根据所在国家或地区的环境特点,推行与之相适应的发展模式和产业政策,以形成自身的比较优势,在竞争中获取有利地位.     

四川省世界遗产地旅游竞争力评价及竞合关系研究

四川拥有六大世界遗产地景区,但由于自身或客观因素的影响,各遗产地之间存在着旅游业发展不平衡的情况,这种状况将严重削弱当地旅游业的整体竞争力。利用层次分析法对四川省六大世界遗产地景区竞争力进行的研究和分析表明各遗产地景区之间应开展旅游合作,可以开辟＂九寨沟与黄龙＂,＂九寨沟、黄龙与乐山大佛、峨眉山＂、＂九寨沟、黄龙与都江堰、青城山＂等互补型旅游路线,实现各景区的共同发展,并提出了相应的竞合引导策略。     

由产业发展趋势探讨我国区域经济一体化动力机制

在逐渐走向市场经济的过程中，中国各地区域经济主体的利益趋向愈加凸显，区域之间的经济竞争也更加激烈，政府行政协调在实践上的局限已经越来越明显。以产业发展趋势探讨我国区域经济一体化动力机制，为政府在区域经济一体化进程中提供一个新的产业视角，以利于发挥“无形的手”和“有形的手”两种资源配置方式的作用。     

Bank competition in Russia: An examination at different levels of aggregation

We analyze bank competition in Russia at different levels of aggregation. First, we compute a country-level measure of competition and compare it to that for similar-sized economies. Second, we contrast competition across different groups of banks in Russia. Third, we analyze bank competition across Russian regions. We find that banks in Russia are less competitive than those in Brazil, but more so than those in China and India. Large and state-owned banks exert more market power than others. Finally, competition is stronger in regions where there is less bank concentration, greater presence of banks, and greater financial and/or economic development.     

市场与地方保护主义:一个基于市场产权的分析框架

过去大量的研究强调行政性分权和财政包干下地方官员的财政激励是地方保护主义长期存在的主要原因。建立了市场产权模型,从市场产权角度研究地方保护主义,强调市场产权成本对地区间经济竞争和合作的影响。市场产权成本包含确定排他性产权成本和内部治理成本,打破地方保护主义实施地区市场共享将会导致这两类产权成本的变化,不同的变化会影响到地方政府之间的合作空间和竞争空间。     

价值链分析在供应链成本管理中的应用探讨

随着经济的发展、市场环境的变化,现在的竞争已经从单个企业之间的竞争发展成为供应链与供应链之间的竞争.如何进行供应链成本管理成为值得探讨的问题,本文通过对价值链与供应链之间的关联性,探索价值链分析方法应用于供应链成本管理的可行性,并进一步对具体的实施过程展开探讨.     

Regional Competition in the International Market for Services: A Shift-Share Analysis

ABSTRACT

The volume of services marketed across national borders in recent years has dramatically risen due to increased liberalization and market globalization, on the one hand, and rapid advances in telecommunications and information technology, on the other. The author analyzes the competition among the seven regions of the world for a share in this expanding sector of the international market, doing so over a 15-year period from 1997 to 2012. A shift-share analysis was carried out to identify the winners and the losers in the market during the study period. Results show that six of the seven regions gained some market share. However, the lead winner was the region of Europe and Central Asia that saw its 1997 share grew more than 7-fold by 2012! On the other hand, the North America region, the only loser of all, lost three-fourths of its 1997 market share by 2012. Policy implications of these results for the regions are discussed.     

Bank branching deregulation and the credit risk of the regional banking sector: Evidence from city commercial banks in China

From 2006 to 2011, with the change in regulatory policies, most regions of China relaxed restrictions on the intercity branching of city commercial banks, which led to a significant increase in the number of nonlocal branches of city commercial banks. We assess the impact of this bank branching deregulation on the credit risk of the regional banking sector across 286 prefecture-level cities in China. We find that deregulation has increased the credit risk of the regional banking sector in host cities by intensifying competition and encouraging risk-taking behaviors such as “lowering lending criteria” and “attracting deposits with higher interest”. Moreover, this effect becomes more pronounced in regions with a higher initial level of the loan-to-deposit ratio and regions with a higher initial level of competition in the banking sector.     

长江三角洲物流基础设施布局优化研究

本文认为,长江三角洲物流圈陆海空立体物流系统已现雏形,城市物流配送体系较为完善,国际化程度较高,辐射能力不断提高。但由于长江三角洲物流圈基础设施布局集约化程度低,导致基础设施超负荷运转与利用率不高现象并存,经营成本与要素制约矛盾突出,物流企业之间过度竞争,产业结构和创新能力有待进一步提升。为促进长江三角洲物流圈基础设施布局的集约化,文章提出,必须实行跨行政区域的系统规划,强化上海、南京、杭州、宁波、南通等枢纽城市的基础设施建设,加大空港基础设施投入。     

金融科技如何影响银行业竞争

金融科技的产业化发展给商业银行和银行业竞争格局带来了显著而深远的影响。本文利用2011—2016年全国31个省份的经济金融面板数据,通过构建空间计量模型实证检验金融科技对于地区银行业竞争的影响。研究结果显示,金融科技对于地区银行业竞争的影响存在显著的空间地理效应和产业竞争效应。其中,金融科技的空间地理效应主要体现为显著的空间依赖效应,而金融科技的产业竞争效应则主要来源于“市场挤出”和“技术溢出”两个作用渠道。研究结论对于如何通过金融科技促进银行业有效竞争,促进商业银行更好地发挥服务实体经济功能具有重要意义。     

合作伙伴间的信任问题研究

随着全球经济的发展,市场竞争不在是单一企业的竞争,而是企业群之间的竞争。企业需要学会如何与其他企业进行合作的策略与技巧,来应付激烈的市场竞争。在影响企业合作的诸多因素中,合作企业间的相互信任起到了至关重要的作用。首先详细论述了我国合作企业间信任关系的现状,并用定性与博弈论两种分析工具分析了导致这种现状的原因,最后,提出了如何促进合作企业相互信任的几点建议。     

我国地方财政策略性行为研究及空间溢出效应估计

本文基于财政学视角,利用中国省际时空面板数据实证分析了中国地方财政策略性行为的结构性特征,空间外溢性。研究显示,我国地区间财政政策相互影响,地方政府在政策选择上存在策略性博弈行为,税收竞争选择物理空间相邻的地区为对象,而支出竞争选择经济发展水平相近的地区为对象,地区政府主动进行税收竞争和基本建设支出竞争,被动接收民生竞争。地区环境与社会等难以观测因素的变化会对临近地区的财政决策产生冲击,同时本文进一步估计了相关解释变量的空间溢出效应,量化了财政外部性。     

区域市场营销与企业市场营销的关系研究

在全球化时代,经济、社会、文化、人才等资源的区域化乃至全球化流通以及"产业集聚"使得区域必须运用营销思想来进行规划和运营。而区域市场营销与企业市场营销在营销实质上是相同的,都是以顾客为中心,围绕着顾客的需要和愿望来开展的营销活动,都要面临市场竞争并借助促销手段来追求双赢结果;但在具体操作上,二者既有联系又有区别。     

垄断竞争市场中企业集团形成的博弈分析

形成企业集团是企业提升企业竞争力,进而实现企业利润最大化的重要手段。在垄断竞争市场中,各企业间外在的竞争力格局及其决定下的市场竞争状态和内在的利益需求,基本上决定了企业间博弈的均衡协作水平,因而也决定了企业结盟意愿和具体的结盟。     

Using word of mouth data from social media to identify asymmetric competition in food retailing

Competition between food retailers is often assumed to be asymmetrical, whereby one retailer may compete with another retailer but not vice versa. Little is known about how (a)symmetric competition among retailers currently is. One way to investigate this is to use word of mouth data. A mixed methods analysis of customer comments on social media confirms the existence of asymmetric competition among German food retailers, mainly between supermarkets and discounters. Overall, consumers compare competitors frequently on the basis of their assortments, the price-performance ratio as well as quality and freshness. The results have implications for competition policy and strategic management.     

Distorted competition: Below-cost legislation, ‘marges arrière’ and prices in French retailing

Abstract

The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the French Galland Act, outlawing below-cost resale via new and more severe invoicing regulation, has reduced the intensity of price competition among retailers in relation to branded goods. Moreover, the reduced intensity of price competition in the retail industry has encouraged a lessening of competition among the manufacturers of major industrial brands. Together, these two effects have sown the seeds of a sustained increase in the price of major brands, accentuating retail competition based more on differentiation than on price. These sustained policies have favoured the development of retailer brands and of hard discount stores and finally encouraged new types of reactions from major retailers and leading manufacturers, such as new types of promotions circumventing the Galland Act and a more intense lobbying activity in order to reform it.     

Municipalities and regions in locational competition — New economic considerations

Locational competition has intensified in recent years in the wake of globalisation as well as the general development towards a knowledge- and service-based economy. In this context, newer economic analyses point to a shifting of the locational factors considered relevant for success in local and regional competition. With respect to these fundamental changes, it is becoming increasingly relevant to ask how local and regional development processes must be constructed in order for municipalities and regions in modern industrial countries to maintain the positions they have already achieved.     

供应链集中度与企业创新——基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究

信息技术革命和国际垂直分工深刻地改变了全球制造业的生产格局和竞争基础，传统的企业间竞争正逐渐演化为供应链间的竞争。对2011-2018年A股制造业上市公司的实证分析发现：供应商集中度负向影响企业创新，但这一效应在市场地位较高的企业中得到弱化；客户集中度与企业创新则呈显著正相关，且在市场地位较高的企业中得到强化。研究还发现，融资约束缓解是供应链集中度影响企业创新活动的作用渠道。研究对于供应链与创新活动之间的关系做出了文献贡献，并对创新驱动发展战略下企业根据自身市场地位权变性地从事创新活动提供了实践指导。     

Shopping centre clusters: Competition or synergies? The case of the region of murcia (Spain)

Since their emergence in the mid 1950s, the role of shopping centres has evolved and they have now become key articulating elements of urban and metropolitan peripheral areas. In Spain, the opening of new out-of-town shopping centres intensified after the year 2000, thanks to an increased area dedicated to new leisure-related uses and activities. This process has been particularly prevalent in the regions in the south-east of Spain such as Alicante-Elche, Murcia and Valencia which are supported by high capacity regional and national road networks. In the case of Murcia, of its ten shopping centres, three of them, Thader, IKEA and Nueva Condomina, are very close to one another, and two of them - Thader and IKEA - are just 650 m apart. The objective of this study is to analyse whether this proximity between shopping centres generates synergies among them based on agglomeration economies or, on the contrary, whether it gives rise to competition between the different centres. For the purpose of this study, these highly specialised shopping centres have been considered and a field study has been conducted based on the administration of surveys among the customers of these shopping centres. The results show that the synergies with those shopping centres which have a diverse retail mix seem to be linked to those users who have a longer journey time and visit these shopping centres more frequently. On the other hand, in the case of non-regular or sporadic customers of these large, highly specialised shopping centres, we can observe direct competition with the rest of the shopping centres, revealing an absence of agglomeration economies.