海外代购法律问题分析与研究

随着经济贸易和科学技术的发展,购物模式进入海外代购时代,但这种模式只是初具雏形,仍存在许多现实问题。本文从税收、反不正当竞争行为、消费者维权三个法律层面对海外代购进行初步的风险分析并为规范海外代购市场给予意见。     

Financial development and the growth of cooperative firms

The purpose of this article is to empirically assess the relationship existing between local financial development and the growth of firms, with a special focus on cooperatives. Using Italian data, a multiplicative interaction model is specified, so as to allow the impact of local banking development to differ between cooperative and non-cooperative firms. The main finding is that although local banking development represents a determinant of firms’ growth, regardless of their legal structure, it plays a special role in boosting the growth of cooperatives. This result provides evidence in favor to the existence of an institutional complementarity relationship between the development of local banking institutions and cooperative firms.

日本农业的海外发展及其启示

日本农业的海外发展经历了殖民地农业开发、海外农业援助以及进攻型农业出口与投资三个不同阶段。日本政府通过扩大国家合作、建立官民一体的支援体系、创建信息比较优势的方式,为日本农业企业的海外发展提供便利。就我国的农业海外发展而言,应借鉴日本的经验,扩大农业出口与投资的规模,谋求国际农业合作共赢。     

Innovation management in service firms: a research agenda

This article suggests an agenda for further research on innovation management in service firms. It investigates differences and similarities between issues identified by previous academic research and issues brought up by practitioners within the area of innovation management in service firms. The results show that there are some major differences; for instance, researchers stress a need for formalized processes for development work, while practitioners focus on facilitating innovation in everyday operations. The main conclusion is that in order to bridge the gap between research and practice we would encourage further research on innovation in service firms to (1) conduct micro studies of innovation work, (2) view innovation in the context of everyday operations and (3) focus on co-workers’ innovative potential.     

Alliances and the innovation performance of corporate and public research spin-off firms

We explore the innovation performance benefits of alliances for spin-off firms, in particular spin-offs either from other firms or from public research organizations. During the early years of the emerging combinatorial chemistry industry, the industry on which our empirical analysis focuses, spin-offs engaged in alliances with large and established partners, partners of similar type and size, and with public research organizations, often for different reasons. We seek to understand to what extent alliances of spin-offs with other firms (either large- or small- and medium-sized firms) affected their innovation performance and also how this performance may have been affected by their corporate or public research background. We find evidence that in general alliances of spin-offs with other firms, in particular alliances with large firms, increased their innovation performance. Corporate spin-offs that formed alliances with other firms outperformed public research spin-offs with such alliances. This suggests that, in terms of their innovation performance, corporate spin-offs that engaged in alliances with other firms seemed to have benefitted from their prior corporate background. Interestingly, it turns out that the negative impact of alliances on the innovation performance of public research spin-offs was largely affected by their alliances with small- and medium-sized firms.     

Small firms,business dynamics and differential development of economic well-being

In recent years a growing stream of research has examined the relationships between structural characteristics of regions and their levels of new firm formation. This empirical study aims at supplementing such findings with analyses that include other forms of business dynamics, and also the possible well-being effects of such dynamics. From a unique and comprehensive data set that tracks all births, deaths, expansions, and contractions of commercial business establishments in Sweden 1985–89, six groups of regions with different patterns of dynamics are extracted by means of cluster analysis. The clusters' structural characteristics and their development of economic well-being are also compared. The results suggesta) that the patterns of business dynamics are contingent on the structural characteristics of regions,b) that high formation and turnover of establishments are associated with a relative increase in economic well-being, andc) that small, autonomous firms have a vital role in this process.     

Segmenting U.S. firms for export development

In attempting to aid firms in their exporting efforts, various segmentation approaches have been developed by government agencies and research groups. Each of these segmentation schemes aims at the identification of specific export needs within different groups of firms. The four major approaches suggested in the literature propose to differentiate firms into groups based on the level of international activities, managerial attitudes, size, and service orientation of firms. The research presented in this article investigates these four segmentation approaches by applying them to common data collected from small and medium sized U.S. manufacturing firms and investigating their effectiveness in differentiating among groups of firms. The results indicate that the differentiation of firms according to their level of international activities is the most effective one of the four approaches investigated. Subsequently, various specific needs of exporting firms are presented and a redirection of current export promotion efforts is suggested.     

Driving dynamic knowledge articulation and dynamic capabilities development of service alliance firms

By investigating drivers of dynamic learning in service alliance firms, this empirical study demonstrates the locus of dynamic knowledge articulation (DKA) and dynamic capabilities (DCs) development. This study uses a sample of 363 service alliance firms to test the distinctive role of drivers of dynamic learning in DKA and DC development. The results show that manager integration powers, external linkages, codification of experience, and ambiguity have positive effects on DKA. Moreover, DKA has a strong positive influence on DC development. This study contributes to the literature by focusing on DKA and DC development from the perspective of processes, structure, and DCs of service alliance firms.     

Transfer of technology by German firms

Outside the USA little empirical work has been done to assess the impact of technology transfers on the economic performance of transferring countries. The following considerations are concerned with the transfer of technology by German firms.     

Hybrid bond issuances by insurance firms

This study reexamines the determinants of insurance firms' hybrid bond issuances. We also analyze the effects of these issuances on their issuers' financial solvency and performance. Logistic regression reveals that the likelihood of issuing a hybrid bond increases when the risk-based capital ratio is lower and when net income is greater. Additionally, difference-in-differences estimations with fixed effects show that hybrid bond issuances enhance insurance firms' insolvency risk and liquidity ratio but do not significantly improve overall financial solvency indices. The insolvency risk is mitigated when the bonds are issued to foreign creditors.     

海外投资上海企业"走"得如何

那天，很多上海企业家参加上海市长韩正主持的全市推进实施“走出去”战略工作座谈会。座谈会上．“走出去”战略被与会者一致认为是上海在更大程度上参与经济全球化、掌握对外开放主动权、拓展上海发展空间的重要举措。企业家眼前的蓝图．呈现出从未有过的缤纷……     

Tariffs and capacity utilization by monopolistically competitive firms

This paper examines the effect of a tariff imposed on a monopolistically competitive (MC) sector on firm output in a 2 × 2 × 2 model with nonhomothetic technology. If the MC sector is capital intensive, then a tariff will improve the terms of trade, lower home firm demand elasticity, but raise firm output relative to foreign firms. If the MC sector is labor intensive, then excess supply for firm output may be decreasing in price, so the tariff may worsen the home country's terms of trade. Home firm demand elasticity falls but firm output rises relative to the partner country. These results qualify conclusions based on single-sector and single-country models.     

Strategic alliances by financial services firms

We examine a sample of strategic alliances made by financial services firms during 1986 to 2003. The market reacts positively to the announcements of alliances and seems to incorporate the information about the value of alliances at the time of alliance announcements. We find no evidence of abnormal stock performance after announcements. Our results also suggest that strategic alliances usually are used as a final form of cooperation rather than as a first step towards closer cooperation between firms. For instance, only about 5% of alliances are followed with joint ventures or mergers of partner firms. Nevertheless, strategic alliance firms are more likely to form joint ventures or merge than randomly selected and matched firms. Furthermore, the market reacts more favorably to the alliance announcements by firms that are subsequently acquired by the alliance partners.     

The role of small firms in the industrial development and transformation of Czechoslovakia

This article presents an analysis of the role of small firms in the formation and reform of the Czechoslovak manufacturing sector. It attempts to give an understanding of the industrial structure formed under the past regime within the framework of the mass production paradigm. As manufacturing productivity gradually declined over the past 25 years and small firms have been virtually eliminated, systemic preference has been given to the development of large monopolies. Consequently, a monolithic coalition structure of enterprise managers, state bureaucrats, and political nomenklatura has arisen and continues to present itself as a serious hindrance to economic transformation. While small firms have the potential to play a critical role in the democratic marketization of Czechoslovakia, current government preoccupation with the rapid privatization of the state sector risks damaging the development of a balanced distribution of firm size and, in turn, the revitalization of the society.     

Urban development,excessive entry of firms and wage inequality in developing countries

This paper examines the short and long-term effects of urbanisation, via favourable urban development policies, on income distribution and social welfare for a developing country, in which the urban manufacturing sector is characterised by imperfect competition and free entry. Urbanisation shifts rural workers to the highly productive urban sector, while causing production in urban firms to expand because of scale economies. However, urbanisation may worsen wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labour in the short term. In the long term, urbanisation can attract new firms to the urban sector and favourable urban development policies may result in excessive entry of firms, which can amplify wage inequality in the economy. This entry-amplifying effect is confirmed empirically, especially for low and lower-middle-income countries. If the entry effect is not considered, the impact of urbanisation on wage inequality could be understated by 13% for low and lower-middle-income countries.     

Knowledge transfer and human resource development practices: Japanese firms in Brazil and Mexico

This paper is based on case studies from the subsidiaries of Japanese manufacturing firms in Brazil and Mexico. It presents empirical findings on the influence of human resource development (HRD) in knowledge transfer, using the case studies in an attempt to delineate appropriate emphases in HRD practices that enhance the transfer of knowledge. The paper examines the proposition that the provision of both on-the-job and off-the-job training constitutes best practice to enhance knowledge transfer. The findings are related to the theory of human capital as a basis for refining the research framework.     

Conceptualizing cross-country analyses of family firms: A systematic review and future research agenda

The national context in which family firms operate influences their behavior and firm-related outcomes. Especially how and why family businesses differ across contexts has therefore received growing interest. Yet, the insights on family businesses across countries remain fragmented and lack integration, especially regarding how the cross-country context is operationalized. Building on comparative cross-national research, this review aims to bridge the disciplines of international business and family business. I analyze the current field of cross-country family business research building on a systematic literature review of 105 peer-reviewed studies in the period 2000–2020 with the goal to collect and structure the current body of knowledge and build a future research agenda. The findings highlight different approaches that family business research utilizes to operationalize “cross-country” elements, outlining how research applies direct comparisons between countries and comparisons based upon theoretical perspectives. Building upon this conceptualization of cross-country operationalizations, the study provides several new avenues for future research.     

The determinants and performance of early internationalizing firms: A literature review and research agenda

As scholars have examined the antecedents, processes, and performance of early internationalizing firms in the past three decades, the domain has become a full-fledged research field. However, extant reviews have not yet provided a comprehensive picture of the determinants of early internationalizing firms and their performance although it is a relevant topic in the literature. In response, this paper seeks to systematically review and synthesize extant research on the determinants and performance of early internationalizing firms. The authors critically assess and examine 167 articles that have appeared in 28 academic journals over the last three decades. This study contributes to extant literature by highlighting the determinants of early internationalizing firms and their performance with a focus on the entrepreneur, firm, and environment factors. Furthermore, an integrative framework has been developed to account for the relationships among determinants, early internationalization, and outcomes. Finally, this paper reveals some significant gaps to advance an important research agenda for future research.