浅谈财产保险公司应收保费舞弊防范及其审计

应收保费是保险公司按照合同约定应向投保人或被保险人收取但尚未收到的保险费,是保险公司销售保单这一经营活动所形成的债权。其性质相当于工业企业的应收账款。近年来,随着保险市场竞争日趋激烈,各保险公司的应收保费余额也越来越大,截止2008年底,中国财产保险业务应收保费余额达到170亿元,占当年财产保险保费收入2337亿元的7．27％,同比增长了17．75％。     

帕累托最优再保险合同的设计

使投保人、原保险人、再保险人三者达到帕累托最优状态的再保险合同的设计,基本模型是保持投保人与再保险人的效用水平不变,寻求最优再保险合同使原保险人的效用达到最大。在原保费与再保险费固定的条件下,最优再保险合同要么是有再保限额的合同,要么是存在自留额的合同。在保费变动的条件下,帕累托最优再保险合同必须具备两个特征:其一是有再保限额的合同不是最优的,其二是当再保险成本取决于再保险赔付时才会有一个自留额。再保险合同的存在不会影响原保险合同的最优设计。基于年度损失的赔付率超赔再保险具有帕累托最优性。     

财险公司应收保费有关问题的探讨

根据《保险法》的有关规定,投保人提出保险要求,经保险人同意承保,并就合同的条款达成协议,保险合同成立。保险人应当及时向投保人签发保单或者其他保险凭证,并在保单或者其他保险凭证中载明当事人双方约定的合同内容。应收保费是保险公司经营过程中,根据保险合同约定应向保户收取但未收到的保险费。从部分保险公司目前的经营情况来看,由于公司内外诸多方面的原因导致近年来应收保费急剧增加,其中相当一部分形成无法收到的呆坏账,严重地影响了保险公司经济效益的提高和资产结构的优化。由于寿险公司存在宽限期应收保费等特殊性,本文仅就财险公司应收保费的有关问题进行探讨。     

企业财产保险费支出的理论分析

企业财产保险费支出的理论分析林宝清马克思在他的《资本论》巨著中透彻地阐明了企业财产保险费（以下简称保险费）支出的三大基本原理，即：保险费支出是生产上的非生产费用的原理，保险费来源于剩余价值的原理；保险费从商品价格中补偿和平均化的原理。但是，号克思在《...     

企业营业费用与销售业绩的相关性研究

<正>一、研究问题的提出营业费用是指企业在销售产品和提供劳务等日常经营过程中发生的各项费用以及专设销售机构的各项经费,包括:运输费、装卸费、包装费、保险费、广告费、展览费、租赁费(不包括融资租赁费)以及为销售本公司商品而专设销售机构的职工工资、福利费、办公费、差旅费、折旧费、修理费、物料消耗、低值易耗品的摊销等。营业费用对提升一个企业的经营业绩至关重要,是保证企业销售目标得以实现的前提条件,不仅关系到企业利润的形成及分配,还关     

强化应收保费管理防范企业经营风险

一、应收管控的意义 应收保费是指保险人在规定的期限内应该收回而尚未收回的保险费。从理论上讲,保险企业经营不应存在应收保费;但在实际业务操作中油于市场竞争等因素造成产险业务经常是先出单后收费,同时在投保单等用以反映投保人意愿的保险凭证上对保险费的缴     

保费收入确认与计量问题研究

一、保费收入概念及特点 1．保费收入的概念 保费收入是保险公司为履行保险合同规定的义务而向投保人收取的对价收入。保费收入有两个方面的内涵：一方面，保费收入是由于投保人依据保险合同的约定向保险人缴付保险费而形成的，从经济角……     

保险法宽限期制度研究

宽限期制度不仅适用于分期付款的人身保险合同,也应当适用于分期付款的财产保险合同。在宽限期的产生方式问题上,我国采取的选择模式不尽合理,合理的宽限期产生方式应为催告模式。保险人应于保费到期之后向投保人发出书面催告,并将催告书送达保险合同载明的投保人最后住址,催告书应载明交费时间、交费金额、以及不交保险费之法律后果。     

我国公众责任保险为何发展缓慢

世界上大多数国家和地区都十分重视责任保险的推行。在一些发达国家．责任保险费收入一般占财产保险保费收入的20％以上．其中美国的各种责任保险的保费收入占非寿险业务的40％至50％．欧洲一些国家的责任保险费收入占整个非寿险保费收入的30％以上．日本等国家的责任险保费收入约占非寿险保费收入的25％至30％。     

我国保险税赋和课征方法质疑

我国保险业发展举步维艰一部分归因于对保险税收立法的严重滞后,以及由此导致的税收在刺激保险业发展上的软弱无力。一方面,对保险公司实行的高税负使其加大了保费中的费用因素,将税负通过提高保费的方式转嫁到消费者头上;另一方面,对投保人或被保险人有关保险费和保险赔款也缺乏相应的税收优惠政策,致使整个社会的有效保障水平下降。     

Price presentation and consumers’ choice

Currently, regulatory authorities and consumers ask for more cost transparency with respect to financial product components. In life insurance, for instance, the premium for products should be split in its components: A premium for death benefits, the savings premium, the cost of an investment guarantee, and the administration costs. In this regard, it is important for insurance companies and regulators to know to what extent the way of presenting the prices of an offer affects consumer evaluation of the product. Based on a paper by Huber et al. (How do price presentation effects influence consumer choice? The case of life insurance products. Working paper, 2011) as presented at the annual meeting of Deutscher Verein für Versicherungswissenschaft in 2011, this article presents the effects of different forms of presenting the price of life insurance contract components and especially of investment guarantees on consumer evaluation of this product. This is done by means of an experimental study using a representative panel for Switzerland and by focusing on unit-linked life insurance products. The findings reveal that, contrary to consumer products, there is no effect of price bundling and price optic on consumer evaluation and purchase intention for life insurance products. However, there is a significant moderating effect of consumer experience with insurance products on this relationship.     

寿险公司业务增长方式选择：基于企业生命周期理论

本文用代表营销能力变化的首年保费增速作为衡量寿险公司生命周期的变量,证明了对于寿险公司来说,趸缴和期缴两种业务增长方式的相对优势随企业生命周期变化而转变。本文认为国内保险市场未来发展空间较广阔,寿险公司应当从本公司的实际情况出发,同等重视期缴和趸缴两种保费增长方式,按照市场需求开展业务,并积极探索营销管理体制和营销方式创新,不断提升营销能力以延续或重启企业生命周期。     

Uniqueness of the fair premium for equity-linked life insurance contracts

An equity-linked life insurance contract combines an endowment life insurance and an investment strategy with a minimum guarantee. The benefit of this contract is determined by the guaranteed amount plus a bonus equal to a call on the portfolio. This bonus is similar to an Asian option. This article analyzes the relationship between the periodic insurance premium and its proportional share invested into the portfolio. For a general model of the financial risks we show the existence and uniqueness of an insurance premium. Furthermore the premium is strictly increasing and convex as a function of the share invested.     

现收现付制与基金制的养老保险制度成本比较——基于养老保险收支平衡数理模型

养老保险的制度成本是指提供一定的养老金给付所需要的缴费和管理费用。若不考虑管理费用,养老保险的制度成本就是缴费水平。本文不考虑养老保险的管理费用,运用养老保险收支平衡数理模型,来比较分析现收现付制与基金制的养老保险制度成本。     

Fair Valuation of a Guaranteed Life Insurance Participating Contract Embedding a Surrender Option

In this article we deal with the problem of pricing a guaranteed life insurance participating policy, sold in the Italian market, which embeds a surrender option. This feature is an American‐style put option that enables the policyholder to sell back the contract to the insurer at the cash surrender value. Employing a recursive binomial formula patterned after the Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein (1979) discrete option pricing model we compute, first of all, the total price of the contract, which also includes a compensation for the participation feature (“participation option,” henceforth). Then this price is split into the value of three components: the basic contract, the participation option, and the surrender option. The numerical implementation of the model allows us to catch some comparative statics properties and to tackle the problem of suitably fixing the contractual parameters in order to obtain the premium computed by insurance companies according to standard actuarial practice.     

基于信息熵理论的我国保费收入结构研究

本文将信息熵理论引入我国主要保险的保费收入结构研究中,通过计算不同险种保费收入的结构熵,比较分析了当前保费收入结构的差异性.同时,运用均衡度指标描述了总体结构受单一业务收入的支配程度,并针对我国当前四类主要保险业务(财产险、寿险、健康险、人身意外伤害险),分别给出了收入比例的调整方向.     

The Cost of Pension Insurance

This article estimates the cost of the federal pension insurance program. Pension insurance claims have an important market‐risk component, which means that the cost of the exposure cannot be estimated by discounting future claims by the risk‐free rate. Moreover, owing to the complexity of the insurance contract, its price cannot be estimated with known options formulas without introducing an error of nonquantifiable magnitude. To circumvent these problems, we model the insurance program in its full complexity and use a Monte Carlo method. By hedging the exposure with a dynamic premium policy that offloads the market risk to the insureds, one can calculate the risk‐free, or actuarial, cost of that policy. One can also characterize the nature of the subsidy and its structure across insured plans. Finally, we provide an estimate of the implicit cost of the hedge function that taxpayers currently are providing for zero remuneration. The model shows that simple contingent claims models of pension insurance result in a price that is about triple the true market cost of the insurance, and that pension insurance models that ignore market risk understate the cost by half. The solution demonstrates the broad characteristics that might characterize a credible private‐sector version of pension insurance.     

中国保险费率管理制度的变迁与改革

自国内保险业恢复发展以来,费率管理就作为一项重要的保险管理制度确立起来。随着保险业发展情况的变化和政府对金融业管理体制的调整,中国保险业费率管理制度先后经历了分散的指导性管理、严格的集中统一管理和市场化管理三个发展阶段,并正在向更加全面的费率市场化管理迈进。梳理和回顾这一变迁过程的诱因和成果,对于继续推进保险费率市场化改革意义重大。     

Risk Mutualization and Competition in Insurance Markets

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of mutual firms on competition in the insurance market. We distinguish two actors in this market: mutual firms, which belong to their pooled members, and traditional companies, which belong to their shareholders. Our approach differs from the literature by one crucial assumption: the expected utility of the consumers depends on the size of their insurance firm, which generates network externalities in this market. Thus, the choice of a contract results in a trade-off between the premium level and the probability of that premium being ex-post adjusted. The optimal contract offered by a mutual firm involves a systematic ex-post adjustment (negative or positive), while the contracts a company offers imply a fixed premium that is possibly negatively adjusted at the end of the contractual period. In an oligopoly game, we show that three types of configurations are possible at equilibrium: either one mutual firm or insurance company is active, or a mixed structure emerges in which two or more companies share the market with or without a mutual firm.     

Betriebliche Altersversorgung durch Direktversicherungen: Eine finanzwirtschaftliche Analyse aus Arbeitnehmerund Eigentümersicht

Corporate pension schemes are part of the total remuneration of employees. In this paper we analyze the?Direktversicherung“ — a life insurance on behalf of the employee paid for by the employer — from the viewpoints of shareholders and employees alike. Firstly we examine, what implications this life insurance contract has on the cash flows to shareholders and employees. Social security payments and tax payments on individual and company level are accounted for. Secondly, we deduce possible substitution quotas q: We ask, what insurance premium the employer can afford to pay at most in place of a given amount of salary, without penalizing his shareholders. Next we deduce the minimum insurance premium an employee has to ask for to replace a given part of his salary in order not to worsen his financial position. From the findings, we conclude that a corporate pension scheme via the?Direktversicherung“ has the potential to lead to a win-win situation, with both parties better off than before. Our findings are also interesting for insurance companies offering those contracts to employers.