共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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近几年来,应急物流越来越受到人们的瞩目。为了进一步加强应急物流的研究,本文从微观角度构建应急物资运输方案决策模型方向进行探索。鉴于有关应急物资运输方案决策的大量模型缺乏对风险决策的考虑,本文以运筹学风险决策工具效用函数为基础,提出在应急物流中面对的风险决策问题,以及如何利用效用函数构建模型进行决策才能达到目标的最优化,并与其他决策工具得出的结果相比较进一步完善模型。 相似文献
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基于地区特性的应急物资分类研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了现有应急物资分类方式的特性,在此基础上提出应急物资需求度的概念,使应急物资分类以地区特性为依据,并用需求度将各类应急物资的重要程度量化。最后,依据需求度和应急优先级对应急物资进行分类。为应急物资的采购和存储管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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分析了现有应急物资分类方式的特性,在此基础上提出应急物资需求度的概念,使应急物资分类以地区特性为依据,并用需求度将各类应急物资的重要程度量化.最后,依据需求度和应急优先级对应急物资进行分类.为应急物资的采购和存储管理提供理论依据. 相似文献
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灾害应急物资需求预测模型研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
灾害应急物流管理是灾害应急管理体系中的重要组成部分,而灾害应急物资需求预测则是灾害应急物流管理的前提条件, "5.12汶川地震"更突出了其在灾害应急物流管理中的重要作用.针对传统灾害应急物资需求预测方法的不足,基于归一化处理后的欧氏算法,寻求最佳相似源案例,以确定源案例中的关键因素,建立了案例推理--关键因素模型,为目标案例进行灾害应急物资需求预测.最后将该模型运用于"汶川地震"的实例中,进行物资需求预测,验证了模型科学有效. 相似文献
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应急物资调配是应急物流系统重要研究问题之一,直接关系到应急物流活动的成败。考虑到灾后运输道路破损率不能立即确定,构建了道路破损率与物资需求量为梯形模糊数的多目标应急物资调配模型。通过将其转化为具有确定系数的多目标规划模型来进行求解,并提出了求得该模型满意解的算法。最后通过算例分析说明该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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We analyze a spatial differentiation model with divisible consumption under one-stop shopping. Each consumer who visits only one store, chooses the quantities of the goods which maximize his/her utility function under the budget constraint (namely consumption expenditures must equal income minus transportation costs), choosing the store which provides him/her with the largest indirect utility. We derive the equilibrium price when the firms are located at the two extremities of Hotelling’s linear city and show that income increases have a pro-competitive effect. 相似文献
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《Socio》2016
Debris occurs from the ruin and wreckage of structures during a disaster. Proper removal of debris is of great importance because it blocks roads and prohibits emergency aid teams from accessing disaster-affected regions. Poor disaster management, lack of efficiency and delays in debris removal cause disruptions in providing shelter, nutrition, healthcare and communication services to disaster victims, and more importantly, result in loss of lives. Due to the importance of systematic and efficient debris removal from the perspectives of improving disaster victims quality of life and allowing the transportation of emergency relief materials, the focus of this study is on providing emergency relief supplies to disaster-affected regions as soon as possible by unblocking roads through removing the accumulated debris. We develop a mathematical model for the problem that requires long CPU times for large instances. Since it is crucial to act quickly in an emergency case, we also propose a heuristic methodology that solves instances with an average gap of 1% and optimum ratio of 80.83%. 相似文献
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在应对自然灾害等突发性事件的过程中,应急物资供应链的响应时间显得尤为重要。文章阐述了应急物资供应链的主要内涵和结构分析,并对排队理论的主要内容进行了概述。通过引用实例,利用排队理论构建应急物资供应链排队网络模型,确定应急物资供应链的最短响应时间,旨在提高发生突发事件后的应急物资的供应保障水平和效益。 相似文献
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冷链物流运输的特殊性使得从事冷链物流运输的企业支付了高额的成本,针对目前的现实情况,从降低冷链物流运输过程中成本的角度,对冷链物流运输问题进行优化,使用线性规划的方法,对冷链物流运输过程中空箱的进出、中转构建模型,结合所构建的模型,给出相关的算例,根据给定的数据计算出结果验证了所构建模型的合理性,使冷链物流运输货物成本最低问题的研究又多了一种新的定量分析的方法。 相似文献
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Under an uncertain transportation cost, residential choice is made before the actual state of the world reveals itself. Formally, this resembles the theory of saving under uncertainty. Exploring this resemblance, we investigate the effect on urban structure of introducing uncertainty in transportation cost. Our main conclusion is that risk does not necessarily have the same effect on the city that an increase in transportation cost does in the deterministic case. If the utility function obeys the ‘principle of decreasing risk aversion to concentration’, introducing risk causes the urban area to contract (as in the case of an increasing transportation cost), but the equilibrium utility level may either increase or decrease. If, on the other hand, utility does not satisfy the above principle, introducing risk causes the utility level to decline (as if the case of an increasing transportation cost), but the urban area may either expand or contract. 相似文献