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1.
When imperfect collusion is profitable 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrea Lofaro 《Journal of Economics》1999,70(3):235-259
This paper studies cartel stability under the assumption that member firms can choose intermediate degrees of collusion as well as the joint-profit-maximizing solution in determining the quota to be produced by each firm. After showing that firms can increase the number of participants by decreasing the degree of collusion, I prove that individual members' profits are maximized when firms choose a (possibly low) degree of collusion such that all firms in the industry want to take part in the cartel. More precisely, if the number of firms in the industry is four or less, then all of them want to take part in the cartel even if the maximum degree of collusion is chosen (i.e., the monopoly output is produced); if the number of firms is greater than four, firms will still create an industry-wide cartel but they will produce a higher quantity than the monopoly output. 相似文献
2.
Fighting collusion by regulating communication between firms 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Kai-Uwe Kühn 《Economic Policy》2001,16(32):167-204
This paper is an attempt to create a coherent approach to the design of competition policy enforcement against collusion based on theoretical considerations, evidence from economic experiments, and case studies. I argue that collusion should primarily be fought indirectly by targeting types of communication between firms that are particularly likely to facilitate collusion. In particular, I identify types of communication which have high potential anti-competitive effects but where it is unlikely that prohibiting communication will lead to efficiency losses. This analysis leads to some simple rules concerning communication between firms, which could also guide the development of competition rules for B2B electronic market places.
— Kai-Uwe Kühn 相似文献
— Kai-Uwe Kühn 相似文献
3.
绿色需求及绿色消费驱动的隐性营销策略 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
绿色营销观念是对环境保护、生态保护及社会的可持续发展等趋势的新思考,是以满足人们对环境保护问题而产生的需要与欲望为目标的经营观念,是企业市场导向变化的新趋势。隐性营销模式能够很好地适应绿色需求的营销需要,不断提升顾客的浅绿色需求和深绿色需求. 相似文献
4.
Se-Youn Jung 《Applied economics letters》2017,24(3):148-153
When a vertically integrated producer (VIP) is also a supplier of a component for its rival firm, it was found that the profit in a decentralized structure is higher for the VIP than the profit in a centralized structure under deterministic demand. In contrast, we found that firms’ ordering decisions under uncertain demand can reverse this findings and it is more likely to happen as demand variability increases. 相似文献
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We establish a general preference for price uncertainty by the price-taking, risk-neutral, non-renewable resource extracting firm with orthodox convex extraction costs. We prove that the relevant value function for profits over an interval is convex in output price. 相似文献
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Tutsirai Sakutukwa 《Applied economics letters》2018,25(18):1288-1291
We show that the macroeconomic uncertainty series from Jurado, Ludvigson, and Ng (2015) contains information to forecast employment. The results indicate that the uncertainty measure is weak at forecasting the skilled labour but significantly carries forecasting information on the unskilled labour. The forecasting information increases if the sample is restricted to construction and manufacturing industries. Using rolling regressions to conduct a simulated out-of-sample forecasting exercise, we find that the uncertainty measure contains forecasting information for the unskilled labour in those industries for two quarters ahead. By providing detailed information about the forecasting power of uncertainty by skill and industry, this study will be helpful in designing more efficient labour market policies. 相似文献
7.
Ginsburg P 《Medical economics》1994,71(10):60-2, 65, 69-71
8.
It has long been recognized that the pleasure of consuming a good may be affected by the consumption choice of other consumers. In some cases, social pressures may lead to conformity; in some others, individuals may feel the need of exclusiveness under the form of vanity. Such externalities have proven to be important in several markets. However, the market implication of these externalities are still unclear. To investigate them, we propose to combine the consumption externality model and the spatial duopoly model. When conformity is present but not too strong, both firms remain in business but price competition is fiercer and results in lower prices. The market share of the large firm increases with the population size; as the population keeps rising, the large firm may serve the entire market and set a price that has the nature of a limit price. When conformity is strong enough, different equilibria may exist. In most of these equilibria, a single firm captures the whole market. At the other extreme, when vanity is at work, price competition is relaxed. 相似文献
9.
“绿色生产力”是制度约束的生产力 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7
“绿色生产力”与其他形态的生产力相比其根本区别在于约束条件不同。其他形态的生产力主要受“资源约束”和“技术约束”的限制 ,而绿色生产力主要受制度约束的限制。对“绿色制度约束”的分析表明 ,制度约束是其存在的充分必要条件 ,这一制度要约束必须具有大尺度、大跨度和跨行政区的特点 ,建立这样的制度约束是我国的当务之急。 相似文献
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The present paper starts from the observation that there is still no analysis of private law as a basis for international trade, i. e. private transactions between noncompatriots (cf. Schmidt-Trenz 1990). Although authors like Buchanan, Hayek, Williamson, Böhm and Eucken have talked about the significance of a system of private law for the coordination of private transactions, they left out of their analysis the domain of protective state activity in international private business transactions vis-à-vis the multitude of legal orders and national enforcement organs. p ]It is the intention of this paper to focus upon the problems of the coordination of private foreign trade activities in the shadow of the territoriality of law. Specifically, it is asked: What are the causes for the fragmentation of private law in the world, and what are the consequences of the territoriality of law for the coordination of decisions concerning transactions between non-compatriots? The paper also deals with the question of how international coordination-efficiency can be fostered by international constitutional policy. 相似文献
11.
张忠潮 《生态经济(学术版)》2001,(11):9-11
要挟是经济生活中的一种普遍现象。本文用要挟理论对环境保护合约进行了全面的分析,认为流域环境不断恶化是上游群众要挟的结果。要改变这一事实,还必须从调整“合约”做起。 相似文献
12.
地方政府竞争被认为是推动我国经济快速发展的重要动力之一,但是,由于目前相应体制、机制的不完善,使得各地方政府间出现无序竞争甚至是恶性竞争,由此,导致了我国部分行业的产能过剩问题加剧。应从转变地方政府竞争模式、改革官员政绩考核体制以及转变经济发展方式等方面引导地方政府由竞争走向竞合,走高质量经济发展道路。 相似文献
13.
城市房屋强制拆迁中政府需要保护被拆迁户包括生命权、财产权、参与权在内的各项权利。强制拆迁行为必须遵照合理程序,保障居者有其屋。国家应该及时制定《中华人民共和国城市房屋拆迁管理法》。城市房屋拆迁的正确程序是:规划—公示—安置住房—补偿—拆迁—土地拍卖—开发商进行开发。政府和开发商介入房屋拆迁的顺序绝对不能颠倒,不能够少的环节一定不能够少。 相似文献
14.
The European Commission argues that the state-owned banks inGermany enjoy an unfair advantage over the private sector banksin the cost of borrowing funds in the financial markets becauseof state guarantees that public sector banks are perceived toenjoy. This note demonstrates that the blame for the comparativelypoor profitability of private sector banks in Germany cannotbe laid at the door of the relatively cheaper funds that thepublic sector banks can raise in the wholesale markets. 相似文献
15.
社会主义市场经济理论是邓小平理论的基石,邓小平理论形成和完善的标志,开辟了我国现代化建设的新道路,沿着这条道路前进,引领我国进入了当代世界,中国人民从此富起来了。它不仅对我国社会主义的生存、经济转型和蓬勃发展有重大理论和实践意义,而且对科学主义理论发展和世界经济社会发展模式具有深远历史意义。 相似文献
16.
城市房屋强制拆迁中政府需要保护被拆迁户包括生命权、财产权、参与权在内的各项权利.强制拆迁行为必须遵照合理程序,保障居者有其屋.国家应该及时制定<中华人民共和国城市房屋拆迁管理法>.城市房屋拆迁的正确程序是:规划-公示-安置住房-补偿-拆迁-土地拍卖-开发商进行开发.政府和开发商介入房屋拆迁的顺序绝对不能颠倒,不能够少的环节一定不能够少. 相似文献
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We develop a model in which social pressure on a firm to behave well is jointly produced by a state regulator (EPA) and an NGO. The EPA and NGO differ in how they trade-off business versus environmental interests and also have access to different instruments in pursuit of their objectives. In particular, while the EPA will typically have the tools for detecting misbehaviour, the NGO can influence the intensity of social hostility directed towards those found to have misbehaved. EPA and NGO efforts may be strategic complements or substitutes, depending upon circumstances. We present a taxonomy of outcomes in the game between EPA and NGO in the spirit of Fudenberg and Tiroles’s (Am Econ Rev Pap Proc 74(2):361–366, 1984) classic taxonomy of business strategies. We also consider strategic delegation from NGO supporters to an NGO that has tastes over environmental and business interests different to their own. 相似文献
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<正>2004年12月7日,广受瞩目的“分类表决”制度终于 出台——证监会在当天出台并实施了旨在保护中小股东合 法权益的文件《关于加强社会公众股股东权益保护的若干 规定》(简称《规定》)。 《规定》根据我国上市公司股权结构的特点和运作中所 出现的一些问题,以切实保护社会公众股股东利益为中心, 有针对性地做出试行公司重大事项社会公众股股东表决制 为主要内容的相关规定。主要包括:试行公司重大事项社 会公众股股东表决制度;完善独立董事制度,充分发挥独立 董事的作用;加强投资者关系管理,提高上市公司信息披露 质量;上市公司应实施积极的利润分配办法;加强对上市公 相似文献