我国政府卫生支出的最优规模

本文从理论上分析了政府卫生支出与经济增长的关系,采用经验数据估算出我国政府卫生支出的最优规模是占GDP的1.07%.目前我国政府卫生支出不足,需要加大支出力度.     

政府卫生支出经济效应的实证分析

政府卫生投入与经济增长之间的关系一直是倍受学界关注的一个热点,国内外不少学者均对此进行了理论和实证方面的研究。文章在前人工作的基础上,通过将政府卫生支出进一步细分为政府公共卫生支出和政府非公共卫生支出,然后运用协整检验、格兰杰因果检验等数理统计方法对二者与经济发展水平之间的关系进行研究。统计结论显示我国政府公共卫生支出对经济增长有正的效应,而政府非公共卫生支出对经济发展有负向的经济效应。     

关于山西省居民个人现金卫生支出的思考

居民现金卫生支出占卫生总费用比重过大,会给居民带来一定经济负担,并造成因病致贫、因病返贫现象.本文利用2007-2009年山西省来源法卫生费用核算表相关数据,通过分析居民个人现金卫生支出现状并与全国其他省份进行对比,寻找与发达省份间存在差距,为降低居民现金卫生支出比重提出科学可行的政策建议.     

我国卫生筹资结构现状及目标政策研究

我国政府已明确提出到2017年,总体上个人卫生支出占卫生总费用的比例降低到30%以下。该文分析了我国卫生筹资结构的总体情况及地区差距,研究与总结了世界卫生组织卫生绩效先进及落后国家的规律性特点,并提出未来我国应适当提高卫生总费用占GDP的比例。该文还从"两分法"及"三分法"统计口径提出我国卫生筹资结构的中长期发展目标。考虑到我国的地区差异性,建议采取差别化的卫生筹资政策,重点提高中西部等经济欠发达地区的政府卫生支出比例,提高中央和省级政府的卫生支出水平,降低市县级政府的支出比重。     

老年慢病家庭灾难性卫生支出影响因素及其不平等分析

利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据,实证分析了老年慢病家庭灾难性卫生支出风险及相关影响因素,同时测算了灾难性卫生支出风险的不平等及其决定因素。中国老年慢病家庭灾难性卫生支出风险较高,且存在倾向于低收入家庭的不平等。农村低收入老年慢病家庭灾难性卫生支出的发生率和发生强度最高。家庭相关因素和慢病患者的就医行为会显著影响老年慢病家庭灾难性卫生支出的发生率和发生强度,同时也决定了灾难性卫生支出风险的不平等。政府应当对老年慢病人群特别是农村低收入老年慢病人群提供系统性的经济风险保护,降低疾病的经济负担。     

地方财政卫生支出的影响因素研究

本文利用中国31个省市区1997~2009的面板数据,研究了经济因素、人口因素以及卫生资源因素对地方财政卫生支出的影响。采用固定效应模型的估计结果表明,不同因素对地方财政卫生支出的影响存在较大差异,其中,经济因素是影响卫生支出最重要的因素。我国地方财政卫生支出的收入弹性为0.54,这表明卫生服务是正常物品,而不是奢侈品,地方政府应加大卫生支出的财政投入。     

公共财政视角下中国卫生支出研究

我国卫生总费用的绝对数每年都在上升,但是卫生总费用的增加主要是由于居民个人卫生支出增加所致。公共卫生支出占我国财政支出及GDP的比重较低,与其他国家相比有较大差距。我国的医疗卫生服务缺少公平性,呈现城乡二元性特征。本文通过搜集和分析历年医疗卫生相关的数据,从公共财政视角下对我国医疗卫生支出的规模和结构进行探讨,并提出了完善我国医疗卫生支出的几点思考。     

政府卫生资源分配的公平性:基于BIA方法的经验研究

本文基于受益归宿方法(BIA)对52个国家1960~2000年期间,政府卫生支出受益分布的研究文献进行梳理,结果发现:(1)政府卫生资源的整体分配,有利于富人,但是相对收入分配的初始格局,具有缩小收入差距的累进性;(2)公共卫生资源的分配,相比医院方面的资源分配,更有利于穷人;(3)政府卫生资源的分配,随着支出规模增加呈现有利于穷人的趋势。扣除受益归宿方法差异导致的结果差异,人均政府卫生支出额、城镇化水平、政府治理等社会经济环境,政府对各卫生支出项目的偏好差异、个人支付比例都是影响受益归宿差异的重要因素。提高政府治理水平、推进城镇化进程;加大公共卫生支出的绝对额以及在整个政府卫生支出的相对额;降低低收入群体个人支付卫生服务比例都有助于进一步提高我国政府卫生资源公平性。     

浅析我国卫生费用的宏观经济效应

公共卫生支出是具有一定福利性质的公益性支出,在改善人民健康状况、促进卫生事业发展等方面发挥着重要的作用。本文通过计量方法探讨卫生支出对于GDP增长和人力资本的影响。结果表明,卫生费用对宏观经济增长和人力资本有促进作用,但宏观经济投入并没有对卫生费用起到相应的推动作用。     

河北省地方政府卫生支出效率实证研究

本文采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对河北省11个设区市政府卫生支出效率进行了核算。研究发现,2006~2011年间河北省11个设区市政府卫生支出效率整体呈上升趋势,但效率得分存在明显差异,导致差异的原因主要是规模效率和纯技术效率较低以及规模投入不足。因此本文建议,调整部分设区市政府卫生投入规模,强化政府预算绩效考核,提高卫生资源规划的合理程度、优化卫生资源配置结构。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.     

Issues in Childcare Policy in Australia

This article assesses the feasibility and desirability of a universal scheme of early childhood education for Australian children aged 3 and 4 years old.