我国居民储蓄影响因素的实证分析

我国居民储蓄多年居高不下是不争的事实,尽管国家采取了多种措施来鼓励居民消费,完善社会福利制度等措施,但是成效均不明显.文章介绍了我国1991年到2007年我国城镇居民储蓄现状,对城镇居民影响储蓄的因素进行了分析,并选择居民可支配收入、消费品价格指数、一年期存款利率、A股筹资额等解释变量,建立多元回归模型,对模型进行修正检验,然后根据结论,提出关于降低居民储蓄存款额的一些可行建议.     

我国居民储蓄的利率敏感性分析

我国居民储蓄是否受利率的影响？其结论是：（1）城镇居民储蓄对名义利率基本无敏感性;（2）城镇居民储蓄对实际利率有弱正相关性;（3）农村居民储蓄对名义利率基本无敏感性,只与收入增长相关;（4）农村居民储蓄对实行利率基本无敏感性,只与收入增长相关。因此,我们不能寄厚于降低利率以刺激消费。     

基于多元线性回归模型的城镇居民储蓄存款影响因素分析

改革开放以来,我国快速的经济发展创造了举世瞩目的"中国式奇迹",城镇居民的储蓄水平也随之不断提高。本文主要从理论上剖析收入水平、储蓄利率、物价水平、基尼系数等因素对城镇居民储蓄存款的影响,并利用1980-2008年相关数据建立多元线性回归模型对我国城镇居民储蓄存款的影响因素进行实证分析,得出收入、利率、基尼系数均对储蓄水平有正向影响的结论。     

年龄结构、社会保险与城镇居民储蓄——基于分省面板数据的实证研究

在全球金融危机的背景下,研究国民储蓄行为的机理及其对策具有重要的现实意义.本文研究发现:储蓄的滞后是城镇居民储蓄重要的影响因素,其影响方式是二阶滞后的;暂时收入对储蓄有显著正影响,持久收入对储蓄的影响为负而不显著.老年抚养比对城镇居民储蓄具有正影响,少儿抚养比则具有显著的负影响;社会保险支出水平对居民的储蓄没有显著影响,导致社会保障的虚置.消费的不确定性对储蓄的影响显著但较弱;地区虚拟变量对中部有显著性影响,对西部则没有;真实利率对城镇居民储蓄没有显著影响.     

教育和住房制度改革以及利率对山西城镇居民储蓄行为的影响分析

文章利用山西省城镇居民住户调查资料,定量测度了教育、住房制度改革以及利率水平与山西城镇居民储蓄行为的关系。通过分析可知,名义利率与利率对山西城镇居民新增银行储蓄存款无显著影响;教育和住房价格与山西城镇居民新增银行储蓄存款具有显著的负相关关系。     

我国居民储蓄变动的影响因素及实证分析

居民储蓄是一个复杂的问题,其决定因素不仅有客观的经济变量,而且也有居民的心理行为;不仅有内生性的经济变量,而且有外生性的制度和结构因素。在我国基本确立了市场经济的20世纪90年代中后期,居民储蓄不仅决定于居民的可支配收入,而且还决定于收入预期、利率、通货膨胀等因素,而外生的制度和结构性等因素的作用减少甚至已经消失。研究该问题,我们必须对居民储蓄进行不仅是定性的而且是定量的研究,确定不同时期、不同条件下的居民储蓄的影响因素。通过对回归模型的分析,可使我们比较逻辑和量化地分析居民储蓄,揭示影响居民储蓄的变量及其权重,从而为经济决策提供依据。     

我国居民储蓄增长的影响因素分析

自改革开放以来,我国居民储蓄一直处于不断攀升的态势。文章分析了影响我国居民储蓄的三个因素——居民收入、通货膨胀率与利率。通过图表及协整检验,验证三因素的影响及其强度,进而提出了几点建议:维持城乡居民收入适度增长;保持适度通货膨胀水平;加深利率市场化改革;完善配套体系建设。     

我国基于协整和误差修正模型的城乡储蓄问题的研究

储蓄是宏观经济分析中的重要因素,本文通过对我国城乡居民储蓄存款影响因素的分析,建立了城乡居民储蓄增加额与收入、利率、通货膨胀率之间的协整模型和误差修正模型,并对模型进行参数估计及检验。结果表明,收入对居民储蓄的影响在长期和短期中均为最大;利率和通货膨胀率在长期中对居民储蓄有显著影响,但影响程度较小,而在短期中没有通过显著性检验。     

财经消息

国内财经央行城镇储户调查:居民储蓄意愿减弱《2004年2季度全国城镇储户问卷调查》报告显示,本季城镇居民当期物价满意指数为-11.8,是1999年开展此项调查以来的历史最低水平。从居民对物价的预期看,有39.6%的居民认为下季物价将上升,只有7.1%的居民认为下季物价将下降。在当前物价和利率水平下,认为“更多消费(包括借债消费)最合算”的居民人数占比为31.2%,较上季提高0.4个百分点,但仍处于2002年以来的较低水平。城镇居民对利率的认可度降低,储蓄意愿有所减弱。在当前物价和利率水平下,选择“更多储蓄”的居民人数占比为32.2%,较上季减少2.5…     

居民储蓄-准货币之主源

本文的主旨是探求广义货币中之准货币部分与居民储蓄行为间的关系。本文利用分析时序数据的经济计量模型,建立和估计出城乡居民的人均消费行为关系,用以推算居民的储蓄潜力。再用居民储蓄潜力来解释银行城乡储蓄总额,最后用银行城乡储蓄总额来解释广义货币中的准货币部分。建模试验结果表明,居民人均储蓄行为具有相当的规律性,而且储蓄与准货币供给之间也存在着相当稳定的关系。本文还就利率、利率差、收入及收入不确定性等因素对居民储蓄的影响,做了各种模拟试验。     

中国城镇居民住房消费需求弹性分析

影响城镇居民住房消费需求的因素是多方面的,包括收入水平、住房价格、人口因素、金融和税收政策等等。其中,收入和价格因素是构成影响居民住房需求诸多因素中最主要和最直接的因素。应分析住房需求收入弹性和价格弹性,从提高居民收入和稳定住房价格两个方面鼓励城镇居民进行住房消费。     

中国城镇居民储蓄的影响因素研究:基于三类储蓄动机的实证分析

本文用中国城镇居民1980-2007年的数据,检验了影响居民储蓄行为的三类动机,即生命周期动机、遗赠动机和预防性动机。结果发现这三类储蓄动机都对中国城镇居民的储蓄行为产生影响,其中生命周期储蓄动机是解释中国居民高储蓄率的重要原因,但收入分配差距扩大导致整个社会的遗赠储蓄增加,引起总消费不振。此外,由于居民面临的不确定性增加,中国城镇居民的预防性储蓄动机也随之提高。     

城乡居民消费结构变动及影响因子研究——以广东省为例

通过经验数据对广东省城乡居民消费现状进行分析后发现,最终消费支出对GDP贡献率偏低,居民消费增长率普遍低于GDP增长率;广东省农村居民消费的增长率明显要滞后于收入的增长率。影响城镇居民消费结构变化的因子有两个:基本性消费因子和居住性消费因子;而影响农村居民消费结构变化的因子有三个:基本性消费因子、居住因子和衣着消费因子。从广东省城乡居民消费结构变动的比较分析来看,传统的衣、食、住、行的消费格局已被打破,城镇居民的消费热点更转为以交通通讯、休闲娱乐、改善居住条件为主的享受型消费;而广东的农村居民则开始追求更高素质的消费,呈现出生存资料消费比重逐渐下降,享受资料比重稳步上升的特点。     

Demographic links to savings in life cycle models: identification of issues for LDCs

The author considers the potential for a link between the recent pattern of demographic transition and intertemporal and inter-country variations in savings rates. Fertility, infant mortality, life expectancy, and levels of female and child labor force participation are among the various demographic factors which affect national savings rates through their effects upon age structure, age-specific individual savings behavior, and their general equilibrium effects upon interest rates, wage rates, and income distribution. The author establishes a simple discrete time life cycle model of savings, explains the issues related to age structure, and discusses the effect of age-specific savings functions, the general equilibrium effects of demographic factors, the effects of life expectancies and child mortalities, and the nature of social security coverages in less developed countries, as well as issues which are especially important for less developed countries. A new strategy for empirically evaluating demographic policies is proposed. That is, one can estimate the age profile of earnings, saving and fertility rates from household survey data. The life tables can then be used to compute the aggregate savings rate and population size. Any demographic policy which affects the fertility rate, life expectancy, and investment in the quality of children will change the aggregate saving and population growth rates. These two aggregate effects could be compared to evaluate demographic policies. The author stresses, however, that changes in different demographic factors will have different short-run and long-run effects upon the savings rate which will also depend upon whether such changes are transitory or permanent.     

河北省当前消费率偏低的原因分析及对策建议

改革开放以来,河北省消费率明显偏低。河北省消费率偏低是城市化水平低、农村居民平均消费倾向低等多因素造成的。应从提高收入,减小居民收入差距,提高城市化水平等几方面入手,提高当前消费率,促进河北经济健康发展。     

改革开放三十年来中国居民消费率偏低的原因分析

文章指出要促进经济增长主要依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动的措施之一是提高我国居民消费率,而我国居民消费率却长期偏低,其原因是由居民收入增长速度缓慢、社会贫富差距不断加大、预期收入的不断降低、居民传统的消费观念及消费信贷发展缓慢等原因引起的,而要提高居民消费率则要采取不断提高居民的收入、完善社会保障体系以及更新消费观念并提倡消费信贷等措施。     

INCOME,CONSUMPTION AND SAVING IN URBAN AND RURAL INDIA*

The main purpose of the study is to determine the savings potential of urban and rural households in India and in the process determine the possible savings and consumption functions separately for urban and rural areas. Four different possible functions have been used for determining the savings behaviour of the households both at the aggregate level and at the per capita level. The rural households, according to the results, have an extremely low rate of saving with income elasticity of saving of less than unity. For the urban households on the other hand, the income elasticity of saving is high enough to suggest the possibilities of considerably high savings potential. To understand the consumption behaviour of these households, the long-run and the short-run marginal propensities to consume and the marginal propensities to consume out of‘permanent’ or ‘normal’ income and ‘transitory’ income have been worked out. For the urban sector none of these give encouraging enough results and the analysis has been extended to examine whether other factors like prices and household assets are of any significance. Whereas for the rural sector, Milton Friedman's theory of ‘permanent’ or ‘normal’ income is somewhat substantiated, other factors like ‘transitory’ income, prices and assets appear to inthence urban consumption behaviour though no single one of them substantially enough. A negligible effect of ‘permanent’ income on urban consumption behaviour is, on the other hand, very clearly suggested by the results. Household consumption and savings have next been projected using the above results to determine the possible levels for the next three years. The results suggest that the rate of domestic savings likely to be achieved by the end of the Third Five Year Plan (1965–66) falls short of the targets laid down.     

Does the quality of institutions enhance savings? The case of Sub-Saharan Africa

Over the last three decades, there has been increasing disparity in savings across regions and income groupings globally. In this paper, we investigate whether the quality of institutions explains the saving disparities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Utilizing comprehensive panel data and spanning the period 1980–2015, we estimate a savings model using the two-step instrumental variable generalized method of moment (2SIV-GMM) estimator. Our results show that the impact of institutions on savings behaviour differs across regions and income groupings, and in SSA, in aggregate. We find that the level and growth of per capita income and terms of trade enhance savings whereas government consumption expenditure, financial sector development and the elderly dependency rate are savings impeding. The findings are robust to alternative model specification and highlight the importance of institutions in influencing savings behaviour in SSA.     

劳动收入份额、城乡收入差距与中国居民消费

本文建立了一个包含人力资本人口分组的新古典经济增长模型,从理论上分析了劳动收入份额、收入差距与总消费三者之间的关系,然后使用1990—2008年的省际面板数据,采用动态GMM估计方法,重点检验国民收入分配结构、城乡居民收入差距以及它们的交互作用对中国居民消费率的影响,揭示了中国消费率偏低的动态形成机制。研究发现,劳动收入份额和城乡收入差距是居民消费增长缓慢最根本的原因;城市化水平、消费习惯形成和人口年龄结构对居民消费率也有重要的潜在影响;提高劳动要素份额具有缩小城乡收入差距的效应。尽管使用了不同的识别方法与计量技术并控制了其他潜在影响居民消费率的各种因素,本文的结果依然基本稳健。     

The role of savings rate in exchange rate and trade imbalance nexus: Cross-countries evidence

Will a higher savings rate improve a country's trade imbalance? Using data for 76 countries for the period 1975–2010, we examine the relationship between trade balance, savings rate, and real exchange rate. To address the potential non-linear effects of the savings rate, we use the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model with instrumental variables. Our results indicate that countries with a savings rate above the threshold of 14.8% can improve their trade balance by increasing the savings rate or depreciating their currency. Even though the sample is divided into two groups on the basis of income level, the empirical results vary little, suggesting that our findings are robust to the data separation.