Evaluating the Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs

Several developing economies have recently introduced conditionalcash transfer programs, which provide money to poor familiescontingent on certain behavior, usually investments in humancapital, such as sending children to school or bringing themto health centers. The approach is both an alternative to moretraditional social assistance programs and a demand-side complementto the supply of health and education services. Unlike mostdevelopment initiatives, conditional cash transfer programshave been subject to rigorous evaluations of their effectivenessusing experimental or quasi-experimental methods. Evaluationresults for programs launched in Colombia, Honduras, Jamaica,Mexico, Nicaragua, and Turkey reveal successes in addressingmany of the failures in delivering social assistance, such asweak poverty targeting, disincentive effects, and limited welfareimpacts. There is clear evidence of success from the first generationof programs in Colombia, Mexico, and Nicaragua in increasingenrollment rates, improving preventive health care, and raisinghousehold consumption. Many questions remain unanswered, however,including the potential of conditional cash transfer programsto function well under different conditions, to address a broaderrange of challenges among poor and vulnerable populations, andto prevent the intergenerational transmission of poverty.      

Making Conditional Cash Transfer Programs More Efficient: Designing for Maximum Effect of the Conditionality

Conditional cash transfer programs are now used extensivelyto encourage poor parents to increase investments in their children’shuman capital. These programs can be large and expensive, motivatinga quest for greater efficiency through increased impact of theprograms’ imposed conditions on human capital formation.This requires designing the programs’ targeting and calibrationrules specifically to achieve this result. Using data from theProgresa randomized experiment in Mexico, this article showsthat large efficiency gains can be achieved by taking into accounthow much the probability of a child’s enrollment is affectedby a conditional transfer. Rules for targeting and calibrationcan be made easy to implement by selecting indicators that aresimple, observable, and verifiable and that cannot be manipulatedby beneficiaries. The Mexico case shows that these efficiencygains can be achieved without increasing inequality among poorhouseholds.     

The Impact of a Conditional Cash Transfer Programme on Consumption in Colombia*

This paper studies the impact of a conditional cash transfer programme in Colombia on the total consumption of very poor households and on its components. Our evaluation methodology involves comparing household expenditures in areas in which the programme was not implemented (control) and those in which it was (treated). We use a quasi‐experimental approach, as the Familias en Acción programme was not randomly assigned across localities, for political reasons. We condition on a large range of household‐ and municipality‐level characteristics, and also control for pre‐programme differences in the outcomes of interest using a differences‐indifferences methodology. We find that the programme has been effective at greatly increasing total consumption and its main component, food consumption, in both rural and urban areas. The programme has also contributed to improvements in the quality of food consumed, in particular of items rich in proteins (milk, meat and eggs) and of cereals. Furthermore, the programme has created redistributive effects in favour of children through expenditure on education and children's clothing, while it has not significantly affected consumption of adult goods such as alcohol and tobacco or adults’clothing.     

转账银行汇票能否支付现金

一、案情简介 1997年6月24日，A公司与B粮油公司签订购销大豆合同.1997年6月25日，某商业银行C分行根据A公司的申请开出银行汇票一张，金额为127万元，收款人是A公司副经理D某.1997年7月4日A公司接到B粮油公司通知，让其来人验货发运.7月6日，A公司D某等三人到达E市。7月7日晨，D某被人绑架，银行汇票被抢.同日，犯罪嫌疑人持伪造的D某的身份证与某农副产品经销站驻F县办事处G某来到前述商业银行H县支行，G某称要带D某前往外地向个人收购玉米，要求提取现金.当日上午，H县支行通过电话向某商业银行C分行查询此银行汇票是否系该行签发并得到确认.H县支行验明该银行汇票第二、三联真伪后，查验了D某的居民身份证并复印留存，即以D某名义为该银行汇票开立了“732”应解付款账户，并从1997年7月7日至9日直接从该账户分18次全额支付现金127万元.A公司得知上述情况后，对H县支行提起汇票解付侵权诉讼.     

Conditional Cash Transfers, Schooling, and Child Labor: Micro-Simulating Brazil's Bolsa Escola Program

A growing number of developing economies are providing cashtransfers to poor people that require certain behaviors on theirpart, such as attending school or regularly visiting healthcare facilities. A simple ex ante methodology is proposed forevaluating such programs and used to assess the Bolsa Escolaprogram in Brazil. The results suggest that about 60 percentof poor 10- to 15-year-olds not in school enroll in responseto the program. The program reduces the incidence of povertyby only a little more than one percentage point, however, andthe Gini coefficient falls just half a point. Results are betterfor measures more sensitive to the bottom of the distribution,but the effect is never large.     

The Practical Application of Discounted Cash Flow to Plant Purchase Using an Integrated Suite of Computer Programs

This paper describes the problems of using DCF techniques for machine tool evaluation. It is shown that many of the technical and financial assumptions traditionally made are erroneous. However, the use of specially devised computer programs allows these problems to be overcome, with the result that the output from the program reveals how previous authors, by using incorrect methodologies, have seriously understated the financial benefits of investing in advanced technology. The paper discusses the difficulties normally experienced when trying to apply DCF principles, and it is shown how these difficulties are alleviated by the use of a correctly structured program.     

The Cash Flow Sensitivity of Cash

We model a firm's demand for liquidity to develop a new test of the effect of financial constraints on corporate policies. The effect of financial constraints is captured by the firm's propensity to save cash out of cash flows (the cash flow sensitivity of cash). We hypothesize that constrained firms should have a positive cash flow sensitivity of cash, while unconstrained firms' cash savings should not be systematically related to cash flows. We empirically estimate the cash flow sensitivity of cash using a large sample of manufacturing firms over the 1971 to 2000 period and find robust support for our theory.     

关键词：现金为王

企业决策要重点考虑“尽量提前收回现金”,切忌以牺牲长期现金流量来改善短期利润状况,避免出现“良好的经营成果与忧心的财务困难并存”的尴尬局面。     

邹志英:“三四四”法则

自2008年金融危机以后,国内外许多知名企业难逃破产厄运,著名的有美国第四大投资银行雷曼兄弟公司、全美第一大汽车制造商通用汽车公司、美国第三大汽车公司克莱斯勒等等,分析其破产原因,竟惊人的相似:资金链断裂。     

"重整"现金管理

在银行—企业系统应用中,现金管理业务已经发生很大改变,在这个背景下,企业如能尽早地对现金管理业务发展趋势做一个整体考察和分析,将会占据竞争的有利位置。     

Cash Flow Matching

Abstract

We propose a scenario-based optimization framework for solving the cash flow matching problem where the time horizon of the liabilities is longer than the maturities of available bonds and the interest rates are uncertain. Standard interest rate models can be used for scenario generation within this framework. The optimal portfolio is found by minimizing the cost at a specific level of shortfall risk measured by the conditional tail expectation (CTE), also known as conditional valueat-risk (CVaR) or Tail-VaR. The resulting optimization problem is still a linear program (LP) as in the classical cash flow matching approach. This framework can be employed in situations when the classical cash flow matching technique is not applicable.     

江龙控股危机调研

在中国资本市场,江龙控股是一个江湖传说：从创建到成为行业龙头企业,拥有“中国印染第一股”,用了四年多时间;然而,从风光无限到轰然倒塌,却只用了短短一年。     

资金存量之过

由于担心欧元区崩溃、石油价格上涨和其他的潜在威胁,世界各地的公司都紧握高额现金。只要政府不决定对它们蓄意征税,那么巨额的现金储备会刺激全球经济的复苏。手握巨额现金的公司,必须开始担忧了。一方面政府和家庭对资金流动性越来越感到压力,另一方面英国和其他国家的大公司应该觉得相当的宽裕。汤姆森.路透的数据显示,英国FTSE100公司所拥有的现金和短期投资总计达1300亿英镑。     

智能化资金管理

2010年上半年,银监会正式颁布了“三个办法一个指引”（包括《流动资金贷款管理暂行办法》、《个人贷款管理暂行办法》、《固定资产贷款管理暂行办法》和《项目融资业务指引》,以下统称为“贷款新规”）。贷款新规的出台,使商业银行对于企业“挪用信贷资金,转用其他投资”的做法有了一道法律的保护屏障。剖析贷款新规,复杂、规范化的程序对银行而言,     

现金红利的童话

上市公司不分配已成为我国证券市场上的普遍而独特的现象。统计数据显示，1996年度有530家上市公司，其中有118家不分配，占22.3％；1997年度的745家上市公司中有36l家不分配，占48．45％；1998年度的981家上市公司中有472家不分配，占55．5％；1999年度的947家上市公司中有560家不分配，占59．1％。